scholarly journals Exploring the association between whole blood Omega-3 Index, DHA, EPA, DHA, AA and n-6 DPA, and depression and self-esteem in adolescents of lower general secondary education

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1429-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. M. van der Wurff ◽  
C. von Schacky ◽  
T. Bergeland ◽  
R. Leontjevas ◽  
M. P. Zeegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractPurposeDepression is common in adolescents and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are suggested to be associated with depression. However, research in adolescents is limited. Furthermore, self-esteem has never been studied in relation to LCPUFA. The objective here was to determine associations of depression and self-esteem with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Omega-3 Index (O3I), n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (n-6 DPA, also called Osbond acid, ObA), n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations in blood of adolescents attending lower general secondary education (LGSE).MethodsBaseline cross-sectional data from a krill oil supplementation trial in adolescents attending LGSE with an O3I ≤ 5% were analysed using regression models built with the BayesFactor package in R. Fatty acids and O3I were determined in blood. Participants filled out the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSE).ResultsScores indicative of depression (CES-D ≥ 16) were found in 29.4% of the respondents. Of all fatty acids, we found extreme evidence [Bayes factor (BF) > 100] for a weak negative association between ObA and depression score [− 0.16; 95% credible interval (CI) − 0.28 to − 0.04; BF10 = 245], and substantial evidence for a weak positive association between ObA and self-esteem score (0.09; 95% CI, − 0.03 to 0.20; BF10 = 4). When all fatty acids were put in one model as predictors of CES-D or RSE, all of the 95% CI contained 0, i.e., no significant association.ConclusionNo evidence was found for associations of DHA, EPA and O3I with depression or self-esteem scores in LGSE adolescents with O3I ≤ 5%. The associations of higher ObA status with lower depression and higher self-esteem scores warrant more research.

scholarly journals Higher Omega-3 Index Is Associated with Better Asthma Control and Lower Medication Dose: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel Stoodley ◽  
Manohar Garg ◽  
Hayley Scott ◽  
Lesley Macdonald-Wicks ◽  
Bronwyn Berthon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Asthma Control Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease, associated with systemic inflammation. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have established anti-inflammatory effects, thus having potential as an adjunct therapy in asthma. This study aimed to compare erythrocyte n-3 PUFA in adults with (n = 255) and without (n = 137) asthma and determine the relationship between erythrocyte n-3 PUFA and clinical asthma outcomes. Subjects had blood collected, lung function measured and Juniper Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score calculated. Fatty acids were measured in erythrocyte membranes by gas chromatography, and the omega-3 index (O3I) was calculated (% eicosapentaenoic acid + % docosahexaenoic acid). O3I was similar in subjects with and without asthma (p = 0.089). A higher O3I was observed in subjects with controlled or partially controlled asthma (ACQ < 1.5) compared to subjects with uncontrolled asthma (ACQ ≥ 1.5) (6.0% (5.4–7.2) versus 5.6% (4.6–6.4) p = 0.033). Subjects with a high O3I (≥8%) had a lower maintenance dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) compared to those with a low O3I (<8%) (1000 μg (400–1000) versus 1000 μg (500–2000) p = 0.019). This study demonstrates that a higher O3I is associated with better asthma control and with lower ICS dose, suggesting that a higher erythrocyte n-3 PUFA level may have a role in asthma management.

Omega-3 Levels and Nicotine Dependence: A Cross-Sectional Study and Clinical Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juçara X. Zaparoli ◽  
Eduardo K. Sugawara ◽  
Altay A.L. de Souza ◽  
Sérgio Tufik ◽  
José Carlos F. Galduróz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Background: High oxidative stress, which is caused by smoking, can alter omega-3 fatty acid concentrations. Since omega-3 fatty acids play a role in dopaminergic neurotransmission related to dependence, it is important to understand their effects on nicotine dependence. Methods: This research comprised 2 studies. The first one consisted of a cross-sectional evaluation, in which the levels of the most important omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were compared between smokers and non-smokers in a sample of 171 individuals; of them, 120 were smokers and 51 were non-smokers. The other study was a clinical, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, in which 63 smokers received daily treatment with capsules of fish oil (a source of omega-3/3 g/day) or mineral oil (used as placebo, also 3 g/day), taken 3 times a day for 90 days. Each fish oil capsules contained approximately 210.99 mg EPA and 129.84 mg of DHA. The outcome was evaluated by means of psychometric and biological measures as well as self-reports of tobacco use. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning of treatment and once a month thereafter (total of 4 times). Outcomes: The omega-3 fatty acid lipid profile showed that smokers present lower concentrations of DHA. After treatment, the omega-3 group showed a significant reduction in their levels of dependence. Interpretation: Smokers showed lower peripheral levels of omega-3, and treatment with the most important omega-3 fatty acids brought about a reduction in nicotine dependence.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acids in relation to risk of preeclampsia among women delivering at harare maternity hospital, Zimbabwe

2007 ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
K Mahomed ◽  
MA Williams ◽  
IB King ◽  
S Mudzamiri ◽  
GB Woelk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
3 Omega ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

We sought to examine the association between maternal erythrocyte omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acids and risk of preeclampsia. We conducted a case-control study of 170 women with proteinuric, pregnancy-induced hypertension and 185 normotensive pregnant women who delivered at Harare Maternity Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe. We measured erythrocyte omega-3, omega-6 and trans fatty acid as the percentage of total fatty acids using gas chromatography. After multivariate adjustment for confounding factors, women in the highest quartile group for total omega-3 fatty acids compared with women in the lowest quartile experienced a 14% reduction in risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 1.63). For total omega-6 fatty acids the odds ratio was 0.46 (95% confidence interval 0.23 to 0.92), although there was suggestion of a slight increase in risk of preeclampsia associated with high levels of arachidonic acid. Among women in the highest quartile for arachidonic acid the odds ratio was 1.29 (95% confidence interval 0.66 to 2.54). A strong statistically significant positive association of diunsaturated fatty acids with a trans double bond with risk of preeclampsia was observed. Women in the upper quartile of 9-cis 12-trans octadecanoic acid (C(18:2n6ct)) compared with those in the lowest quartile experienced a 3-fold higher risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio = 3.02, 95% confidence interval 1.41 to 6.45). Among women in the highest quartile for 9-trans 12-cis octadecanoic acid (C(18:2n6tc)) the odds ratio was 3.32 (95% confidence interval 1.55 to 7.13). Monounsaturated trans fatty acids were also positively associated with the risk of preeclampsia, although of much reduced magnitude. We observed a strong positive association of trans fatty acids, particularly diunsaturated trans fatty acids, with the risk of preeclampsia. We found little support for the hypothesized inverse association between omega-3 fatty acids and preeclampsia risk in this population. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, were comparatively lower in Zimbabwean than among US pregnant women. Given the limited inter-person variation in omega-3 fatty acids among Zimbabwean women, our sample size may be too small to adequately assess the relation in this population.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI ASAM LEMAK OMEGA-3, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN PERSEN LEMAK TUBUH DENGAN TINGKAT DISMENORE PADA REMAJA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Famimah Famimah ◽  
Ani Margawati ◽  
Deny Yudi Fitranti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Dysmenorrhea or menstrual pain was a gynecological complaint due to an imbalance of progesterone in the blood resulting in pain. A woman with dysmenorrhea should consume food rich in omega-3 fatty acids such as fish oil, fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel, herring), soybeans and fruits. Low fish consumption was related with severity of dysmenorrhea. In addition, physical activity and percent body fat were also associated with severity of dysmenorrhea.Objective : To determine the correlation between consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, physical activity and percent body fat to the classification of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.Methods : Cross sectional study of 90 adolescentsselected by purposive sampling. This research was conducted in SMA N 15 and SMA N 9 Semarang. Menstrual history was measured by direct interviews and level of dysmenorrhea was measured using Numerical Rating Scale Questionnaire. Omega-3 fatty acids were measured using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and analyzed using a nutritional software program. Physical activity was measured using A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Percent body fat was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Data were analyzed by Independent T test/Mann Whitney. Result : There were significant correlation in omega-3 fatty acid (p= 0,015), and percent body fat (p= 0,026). While in physical activity there was no significant correlation (p= 0,394).Conclusion : Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and percent body fat were associated with the classification of dysmenorrhea.

scholarly journals ω-3 and ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Obesity and Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2751
Author(s):  
Stefania D’Angelo ◽  
Maria Letizia Motti ◽  
Rosaria Meccariello
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Energy Sensing ◽  
Obesity And Cancer

Recently, nutraceutical bioactive compounds in foods have been discovered for their potential health benefits regarding the prevention of chronic disorders, such as cancer, and inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs), including alpha-linolenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid, are mostly attractive. They are available for the customers worldwide from commonly used foods and/or as components of commercial food supplements. The anti-inflammatory and hypotriglyceridemic effects of these fatty acids are well known, whereas pro-inflammatory properties have been recognized in their dietary counterparts, the ω-6PUFAs. Both ω-3 and ω-6PUFAs contribute to the production of lipid mediators such as endocannabinoids that are notably involved in control of food intake, energy sensing, and food–related disorders. In this review, we present ω-3 and ω-6PUFAs and their derivatives, endocannabinoids; discuss the anti-obesity effects of ω-3PUFAs; their roles in inflammation and colorectal cancer development; and how their action can be co-preventative and co-therapeutic.

Inmates’ physical activity as part of the health ecology

Open Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Vaiciulis ◽  
Saulius Kavaliauskas ◽  
Ricardas Radisauskas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sports Activities ◽  
Physically Inactive

AbstractTo evaluate the possibilities of physical activity in developing inmates’ healthy lifestyle and social skills. The research, which was conducted in 2009 in Pravieniskes First and Second Correction Houses, was local and cross-sectional using a written questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of four groups of questions/statements: I — demographic questions; II — questions/statements about inmates’ physical (sports) activities (was created for this study) and III — assessment of inmates’ social skills. And IV — assessment of inmates’ self esteem. Sufficiently physically active inmates (n=185) comprised 57.8 percent of the total number of respondents. Inmates’ physical activity statistically significantly (p<0.05) correlates with their younger age. Secondary education is prevailing in the group of physically active inmates, while primary — lower secondary education predominates in the group of physically inactive inmates (n=135). Only less than 6 percent of inmates have higher education. The average age of physically active inmates is statistically significantly lower than that of physically inactive inmates, 26 and 31.6 years respectively (p=0.01). The analysis of inmates’ contentment with their psychological state and satisfaction with health care services, food quality, and conditions for sports activities showed that physically active inmates are more critical about these factors than physically inactive inmates. Only the contentment with psychological state in physically active inmates is statistically significantly higher than in inactive inmates. Out of eleven social skills assessed in the study, only two skills (ability to initiate conversation with a stranger and sense of responsibility) are statistically significant (p<0.05). The probability that the convicts who have a strong sense of responsibility tend to be more physically active than the inmates who do not consider themselves responsible is 7.4 times higher. The study results showed that self-esteem in physically active inmates is statistically significantly higher that in physically inactive inmates (p=0.033). Low self-esteem was not determined in any inmates.

scholarly journals FADS2 Variants are Associated with Omega-6 Metabolic Conversion in Serbian Adults in a cross-sectional study – Implications for Precision Nutrition Practice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manja Zec ◽  
Ljiljana Stojković ◽  
Milica Zeković ◽  
Biljana Pokimica ◽  
Maja Živković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 6

Abstract Background High omega-6/omega-3 intake ratio in westernized world is of concern. FADS genes variants are associated with plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in diverse ethnicities and might modulate plasma omega-6/omega-3 net balance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between FADS genetic variants with dietary fat and macronutrient intake, plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile, estimated plasma desaturase activity and cardiometabolic risk factors, in a sample of Serbian subjects.Methods Non-smoking adult volunteers (>28 years), free of acute or chronic disease were included. Food and nutrient data were compiled through 24h recalls for non-consecutive days. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid content was assessed by gas-chromatography. Selection of FADS2 variants (rs174593, rs174616 and rs174576) was based on its positional and functional aspect, and evidence-based data. Genotyping was performed by using Real-Time PCR. Estimated desaturase activities were calculated as conversion rates towards LC-PUFA in omega-6 pathway. Multivariable-adjusted general linear were applied and the contribution of minor alleles to the variability of physiological parameters was analyzed by multivariable hierarchical multiple regression models.Results Sample included 34 men and 54 women, mean age=40±7years, with 70% being overweight (BMI>25). Minor allele frequencies were 33%, 36% and 51% for rs174593, rs174576 and rs174616, respectively, in line with other populations. None of the three variants was associated with food or nutrient intake, serum lipids, or obesity (p>0.05). Irrespective of gender, age, total daily polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid intake and obesity, rs174593, rs174616 and rs174576 were associated with lower arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4 n-6, p<0.001) and estimated desaturase-5 activity (p<0.001) in plasma phospholipids. The rs174576 associations with AA withstood multiple testing and additional adjustments for other variants.Conclusion We observed inverse associations between FADS2 variants and plasma phospholipid AA but not omega-3 fatty acids in a sample of Serbian adults, and larger cohorts should confirm the associations. In our study FADS2 rs174576 exhibited the strongest associations, and future gene-dietary studies with varying omega-6/omega-3 intake should validate its suitability for precision nutrition strategies aimed at PUFA recommendations in Serbian population.Trial registration This is a cross-sectional study, forming part of larger intervention study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02800967.

Abstract 20243: Differential Uptake of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Trial Subjects Could Explain Variability of the Trials’ Outcome

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisar A Shaikh ◽  
Sabah N Shaikh ◽  
Jason Yantha ◽  
George Jackowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: A relationship of regular fish consumption with lowered incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been appreciated for decades. However, preparations from fish oils, showed mixed results in recent meta-analyses and have raised some doubts on the efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) for management of CVD. Some of these reports suffer from inclusion of studies with ill-defined patient populations, varying PUFA doses, purity, and formulation, while others have patients on drug milieu or have employed placebo that could have undermine the trial outcome. Very few studies have determined ω-3 PUFA levels pre & post treatment. In this report, we are the first to describe heterogeneity of Omega 3 uptake among trial subjects that could have contributed to the inconsistencies of results. Methods: In VASCAZEN-REVEAL trials, 54 subjects with normal to high blood triglycerides levels (TG 90-500mg/dl) and with ω-3 PUFA deficiency (Omega-Score™, OS, blood levels of eicosapentaenoic (EPA)+docosahexaenoic (DHA) +docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) of <6.1% of total blood fatty acids) were provided 4g/day of 6:1 EPA/DHA formulation (>90% purity) for 8 weeks. Changes in the OS levels pre-and post treatment along with individual fatty acids including arachidonic (AA) were determined and desaturation enzymes activities were calculated. Results: Based upon post-treatment increases in the blood levels of OS, weak (WR), intermediate (IR) and strong (SR) responders were identified. Conclusion: This is the first report to show differential effect of Omega-3 on trial subjects and warrants caution in the interpretation of trial data without identifying the responders.

The association of N ε-Carboxymethyllysine with polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Permal Deo ◽  
Varinderpal S Dhillon ◽  
Philip Thomas ◽  
Michael Fenech
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids status is used as a biomarker of dietary intake of fats however, there is still a paucity of evidence regarding individual fatty acids and modulation of endogenous advanced glycation end-product (AGE) levels. Due to membrane PUFA being a well-known target for peroxidation, we hypothesized that cellular PUFAs are positively associated with circulatory N ε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) that is also influenced by glyoxal (GO) levels in healthy cohorts. To test this, we investigated the association between RBC fatty acids and circulatory AGEs biomarkers in healthy individuals. The results showed a negative association between saturated fatty acids (SFA) and CML and stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated stearic acid was negatively associated with CML levels (β = -0.200, p=0.008) after adjusting for age, BMI, and gender. In addition, stearic acid: palmitic acid ratio was also negatively correlated with plasma concentrations of CML (rp= -0.191, p = 0.012) and glucose (rp= -0.288, p = 0.0001). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) showed a positive association with CML levels particularly, docosapentaenoic acid, γ-Linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosadienoic acid. However, these associations were not evident after the multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, BMI, and gender. A strong negative correlation (rp= -0.98, p&lt; 0.0001) between total PUFA and total SFA was observed. Furthermore, the SFA:PUFA ratio was inversely correlated with CML (rp= -0.227, p&lt; 0.003). Overall, this study indicates that different fats and their combinations may influence the formation of AGEs and that carefully controlled interventions are required to further test this hypothesis.

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