Study results on the use of different therapies for the treatment of vaginitis in hospitalised pregnant women

Background: The new corona virus first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since spread around the world to other countries. The World Health Organization believes that this new CoV-19 epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020Worldwide.The mortality rate of this viral infection ranges from 2% in Pakistan to 14.4% in Italy. Lympopenia, elevated transminase, proteinuria, increased LDH, and C-reactive protein levels are all common laboratory findings in the early stages of the disease. Covid patients have experienced a variety of complications, including extreme pneumonia, ARDS, heart defects, sepsis and septic shock, and respiratory tract super infection. Methodology: This retrospective observational research study was carried out at the Gynecology Unit of MardanMedical Complex, Mardan and Combined Military Hospital, Risalpur for 06 months duration from April 2020 to September 2020. In a pre-constructed data collection form, biochemical and radiological parameters of medical history, test results, symptoms, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes were noted. Patients treated in an outpatient setting were not included in the study. Results: There were 121 patients in total, with mean age of 27 having standard deviation ± 5, having range 19-40 years. 48.3% pregnant women reported their first pregnancy(primigravida). 51.3% of SARS-Cov-2 were in their 3rd trimester while 34.7% were in their 35-40 weeks of gestational age. Common complications are gestational hypertension (PIH) (16 cases), hypothyroidism (14 cases) and gestational diabetes (GDM) 9 cases. More than half (53%) of patients are asymptomatic. Common symptoms are cough (22%) and fever (11%). The incidence of multiple organ failure was 2% as shown in table 01. Lymphopenia was common (84%). A CT scan of 24 patients showed bilateral invasion. Conclusion: COVID-19 has a negative impact on the foetus, according to our results. Although pregnant women do not seem to be more vulnerable to COVID-19 complications than non-pregnant adults, previous research has suggested that pregnant women could be at higher risk for negative pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, foetal pain and respiration, symptoms, and LBW in a newborn baby. Keywords: Corona virus, COVID-19, Pregnancy, Outcome.

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The Effect of Down Syndrome Biochemical Markers on Predicting Severity of Preeclampsia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-132123/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

AYSE OZBAN

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

First Trimester ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Study Results ◽

Second Trimester Screening ◽

Trimester Screening

Abstract Objective: This study aims to determine whether it is possible to predict preeclampsia by comparing postpartum results and test results of the pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia, whose first and/or second trimester screening tests were accessible, and to demonstrate the predictability of severity and week of onset.Background: 204 patients underwent renal transplantation in our center and 84 of them were female. Five of our patients (one of them had two births) gave birth to a total of 6 pregnancies.Method: 135 patients were diagnosed with preeclampsia and their first and/or second trimester screening tests were accessible, and 366 control participants gave birth to a healthy baby between 37-41 weeks after standard follow-up period for pregnancy and their screening tests were also accessible.Results: The study results show that the first trimester maternal serum PAPP-A level is significantly low in preeclamptic pregnant women, and that the second trimester maternal serum AFP and hCG levels are significantly high and uE3 levels are significantly low The results also suggest that the first and second trimester Down syndrome biochemical markers can be used in preeclampsia screening.Conclusion: Among these markers, uE3 is the parameter which affects the possibility of preeclampsia the most. However, the first and second trimester Down syndrome biochemical markers are not effective in predicting the severity and onset week of preeclampsia.

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ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT OF FETALADRENAL GLAND VOLUME (FAGV) AND ADRENAL FETAL ZONE ENLARGEMENT(AFZE):VIABLE AND SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVES TO CERVICAL LENGTH (CL) IN ACCURATE PREDICTION OF PRETERM BIRTHS.

10.36106/ijsr/0216169 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 26-28

Author(s):

Jatin Venugopal Kutnikar ◽

Saravanan Kannan ◽

Prabhakaran Maduraimuthu

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Preterm Births ◽

Cervical Length ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Zone Length ◽

Gland Volume ◽

Study Results ◽

Adrenal Gland Volume

BACKGROUND: Owing to associated neonatal death, morbidity and impairment in later life, preterm birth is a major public health issue. Pregnant ladies presenting to the antenatal clinic were recruited in order to predict spontaneous preterm births bythe novel method of assessing the Fetal Adrenal Gland Volume (FAGV) and Adrenal Fetal ZoneEnlargement(AFZE) and comparing it with Cervical length. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This was a prospective observational study done at a tertiary hospital in Chennai.The formulae,AFZE=Gland length/Central fetal zone length and FAGV=0.523 x length x width x depth. cFAGV=fetal adrenal gland volume/estimated fetal weight =FAGV/EFW, were employed for the purpose of this study.𝛘2 or Fisher’s exact tests,Mann-Whitney or student-t test were calculated for appropriate variables. Pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancy with gestational age between 21-34 weeks were recruited for this study. RESULTS:70 pregnant women were studied from May2019 to August 2020 and had an average age of 25 years and mean age of gestation being 27.1 weeks.26(37.1%) of these had a preterm delivery of ≤7 days.AFZE emerged as the best predictor among the three metrics with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of ~90 %.cFAGV showed ~80%/~89% sensitivity and specificity.This was in contrast to cervical length of ≤16 mm having just 55% and 60% sensitivity and specificity respectively. SUMMARY:USG estimation of AFZE and cFAGV are more reliable and accurate indicators than CL for spontaneous preterm delivery and can be used in the routine scanning of patients with early symptoms of preterm labour to plan the management more effectively.

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COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE ON THE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN PREGNANT AND NON-PREGNANT WOMEN UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202109205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (9) ◽

pp. 2277-2280

Author(s):

Hanan Fawzi ◽

Alaa Hussen Ali

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

General Anesthesia ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Elective Cesarean Section ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Anesthetic Drugs ◽

Study Results ◽

Blood Glucose Concentrations

The aim: To compared blood glucose concentrations after intravenous injection of dexamethasone in the pregnant and non-pregnant women under general anesthesia. Materials and methods: Eighty patients aged 18-50 years took part in the study (ASA class 1 and 2). Forty of patients were undergoing elective cesarean section under G/A and the other forty undergoing elective laparoscopic Cholecystectomy under G/A. Anesthesia was induced using IV anesthetic drugs (0.5mg/kg ketamine, sleeping dose of propofol up to 2mg/kg, muscle relaxant was 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium and maintained with isoflurane). All of patients have been injected with 0,1mg/kg dexamethasone intravenously, at induction of anesthesia, Blood glucose concentrations were measured at induction and then in 60min, 180min and in 360 min after injection of dexamethasone and results were compared between the groups; IV fluid added was normal saline (0.9%) during the study. Results: Regarding to blood glucose levels, we noticed that its level significantly increased over time and peaked in 180min after dexamethasone injection in both groups. The difference percentage between the lower reading (pre injection) and the upper reading (in 180min after) was 33.5% in pregnant woman and 46.2%for non-pregnant women, this difference was statistically significant relative to the pre injection, as this difference was lower in the pregnant women. In 360min after blood glucose level began to drop in both groups. After giving 0.1 mg/kg of dexamethasone, blood glucose level increased in both groups, but it was lower in pregnant women.

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How to Educate Pregnant Women about Endocrine Disruptors?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17062156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 2156 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steeve Rouillon ◽

Houria El Ouazzani ◽

Jean-Benoit Hardouin ◽

Line Enjalbert ◽

Sylvie Rabouan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Education ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Environmental Health ◽

Endocrine Disruptors ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Population Health Intervention Research ◽

Population Health Intervention ◽

Study Results ◽

Individual Consultation

Background: Despite mediatization, only half of pregnant women are informed about endocrine disruptors (EDs). We wished to inquire about appropriate environmental health education procedures during pregnancy: Who, when, and how? Methods: The question stems from a comprehensive population health intervention research project. It includes qualitative studies aimed at constructing an educational program in environmental health and an accompanying assessment tool. The validation of a customized questionnaire (PREVED© for Pregnancy Prevention Endocrine Disruptors) about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pregnant women regarding exposure to EDs was carried out in a quantitative study. Results: Health education by a prenatal professional with communication skills should take place as early as possible, during the preconception period or early pregnancy, as part of individual consultation or group workshops. In order to customize the discourse and to develop women’s empowerment, concomitant presentation of the risks by the products used in each room and of previous solutions is recommended. Conclusion: Appropriate health education procedures on EDs should be done at every contact but taking the KAP of pregnant women into account first. We propose all educational actions should be accompanied by questioning of the KAP of pregnant women; for example, with questions from the PREVED© questionnaire.

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Serum magnesium at 18-20 weeks of gestation: can it be a predictor of gestational hypertension and fetomaternal outcome?

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20201024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1402

Author(s):

Sasikala Kathiresan ◽

Agalya Angelina Sanjevrajah ◽

Jeyashree Kathiresan

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Hypertension ◽

Serum Magnesium ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Mean Value ◽

Term Birth ◽

Study Results ◽

Study Participants

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is a major cause of maternal, fetal morbidity and mortality complicating 10% of all gestations. As effective treatments are very limited, prediction of HDP occurrence is most importance. Though many biomarkers have shown relationship with HDP, serum magnesium (Mg) has shown better predictor as involved in maintaining vascular contractility, tone. This study is intended to analyse incidence of GHT and fetomaternal outcome in pregnant women with normal and low serum magnesium level measured at mid trimester (18-20 weeks).Methods: A total of 105 consecutive singleton pregnant women in between 18-20 weeks of gestation attending OBG outpatient department were enrolled. After obtaining the informed consent, structured proforma was used to collect demographic, clinical details. Serum magnesium was measured by the colorimetric method and study participants were divided into two groups based on Mg cut off 1.5 mg/dl and followed up throughout pregnancy for fetomaternal outcome.Results: This study results revealed that 35.2% (37/105) pregnant women had serum Mg level < 1.5 mg/dl and mean value of Mg of all participant is 1.7 mg/dl, just above the lower limit. During follow-up of these two groups, statistically significant correlation between serum Mg levels (< 1.5 mg/dl) with GHT (8/12) occurrence and pre term birth was found. Other fetomaternal outcome not had significant correlation.Conclusions: As per the findings, serum Mg concentration measurement in between 18-20 weeks can be considered as a one of the predictors for subsequent occurrence of maternal outcome of GHT and fetal outcome of pre-term birth.

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Outcome of the vaginal infections and prematurity study: Results of a clinical trial of erythromycin among pregnant women colonized with group B streptococci

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/0002-9378(95)90493-x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 172 (5) ◽

pp. 1540-1545 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Mark A. Klebanoff ◽

Joan A. Regan ◽

A. Vijaya Rao ◽

Robert P. Nugent ◽

William C. Blackwelder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Group B Streptococci ◽

Vaginal Infections ◽

Study Results ◽

Group B

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Platelet Parameters Assessment among Sudanese Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia Attending Wad Medani Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital

10.21203/rs.3.rs-512535/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ejlal Omer FadlElseed ◽

Khalid Abdelsamea Mohamedahmed ◽

Aboagala Mustafa Mohamed ◽

Muatez Ibrahim Hassan ◽

Yousif E/Hameed Mohammed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽

P Value ◽

Major Health ◽

Platelet Indices ◽

Study Results ◽

Automated Hematology Analyzer

Abstract Background: Preeclampsia is considered one of the major health problems associated with pregnancy and one of the causes of maternal mortality. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia associated with platelet activation.Methods: This is a case-control laboratory-based study carried out in Wad Medani Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital, Gezira State, Sudan from January to November 2020. The study aimed to evaluate the platelet parameters (platelet count and platelet indices) in pregnant women with preeclampsia. A total of 50 pregnant women with preeclampsia as cases (32.20 ± 3.21 years) and 50 normotensive pregnant women as controls (30.68 ± 2.85 years) participated in this study. Three ml of venous blood samples were collected from all participants in K3 EDTA containers. platelet parameters (platelet count and platelet indices) were determined using Mindray BC 3000 Automated Hematology Analyzer. Data were analyzed using the SPSS computer program (version 22). Results: The study results showed that the thrombocytopenia account for 56 %, all cases with low PCT (100%). Furthermore the means of PLTs count, PCT and PDW in cases were (144.40 ± 31.80 × 109/L, 0.13 ± 0.03 % and 15.80 ± 0.45 fl respectively) versus controls (269.40 ± 72.50 × 109/L, 0.22 ± 0.05 % and 15.50 ± 0.29 fl respectively), giving statistically significant differences (P value = 0.000, 0.003 and 0.022 respectively). The mean of PCT of mild cases was lower than severe cases (P value = 0.004); but there were no significant differences in PLTs count, MPV and PDW (P value = 0.379, 0.283 and 0.075 respectively).Conclusion: The study concluded that platelet count (PLTs count) and plateletcrit (PCT) were significantly decreased in pregnant women with preeclampsia especially; so platelet parameters especially (PLTs count and PCT) should be included for assessing and predicting the risk of severe preeclampsia.

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Thyroid screening in pregnancy

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174043 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 3956

Author(s):

Reena Vijay Wagh ◽

Mahavir Raghunath Mundra ◽

Jayshree Jayant Upadhye ◽

Deepa Baliram Telgote ◽

Supriya Nivrutti Khillare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Low Income ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Antenatal Visit ◽

Government Medical College ◽

Routine Test ◽

Medical College ◽

Study Results ◽

Thyroid Profile

Background: Thyroid hormone is critical to normal development of the baby’s brain and nervous system. During the first trimester, the fetus depends on the mother’s supply of thyroid hormone, which comes through the placenta. At around 12 weeks, the baby’s thyroid begins to function on its own. In our study, complete thyroid profile of all antenatal patients was done at the first antenatal visit along with routine investigations. Aim of the study was to study the prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in low income, urban pregnant women.Methods: This is a retrospective study that includes 400 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Government medical college and hospital, Nagpur in the month of April 2017. These patient’s data was randomly selected in the biochemistry department where samples come. Thyroid profile is being done as a routine test along with other antenatal profile tests in our hospital. Thyroid profile test includes serum T3, serum T4 and serum TSH.Results: A total of 400 pregnant women were included in this study. Results showed 34% prevalence of hypothyroidism of which 30% being subclinical hypothyroidism and 4% overt hypothyroidism. There was 9.5% prevalence of hyperthyroidism of which 5.5% being subclinical hyperthyroidism and 4% overt hyperthyroidism.Conclusions: The study shows a very high prevalence rate of hypothyroidism in the patients attending the antenatal outpatient department at Government medical college and hospital, Nagpur. This justifies the inclusion of thyroid profile test as a routine test in the antenatal profile.

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SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in neonatals: a literature review

10.5327/1516-3180.031 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sayd Douglas Rolim Carneiro Oliveira ◽

Carlos Jorge Maciel Uchoa Gadelha ◽

Dara da Silva Mesquita ◽

Tereza Cristina Ribeiro Brito

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Neurological Complications ◽

Premature Delivery ◽

Rapid Progression ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Study Results ◽

Wide Range ◽

Rapid Spread

Introduction: With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread, a concern with the pregnant women have increased, since viruses have a wide range of obstetric and neonatal issues. Recent findings indicate that the gestational period and the postpartum period make mothers and their offspring more susceptible to COVID-19 and the rapid progression to the critical stage of the disease. Objectives: To carry out a bibliographic study on SARS-CoV- 2 during pregnancy and the potential risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in neonates. Methods: A review, developed from articles selected on the following bases: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. In the search, articles indexed until March 2021 and published in English, using the descriptors: “COVID-19”; “Pregnancy”; “Offspring”; “Neonatal”; “Neurodevelopment”; “Anomalies” and “Complications”. Exclusion criteria: duplicates and articles outside the scope of the study. Results: The initial search resulted in 533 articles, 498 from PubMed, 2 from Web of Science and 33 from Scopus. After reading the title and abstract, the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample of 48 documents were included. In the studies, 89.0% of all patients had cesarean delivery (n = 201), 33.3% had gestational complications, 35.3% had premature delivery and about 2.5% were stillborn or had neonatal death. Among those tested, 6.45% of neonates diagnosed positive for COVID-19. In another study, the newborn showed neurological issues similar to the adult patients and transient neurological complications due to cerebral vasculitis. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that further investigations are needed to determine the potential for vertical intrauterine transmission in pregnant women with COVID-19 and possibles fetal and neonatal consequences.

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