scholarly journals The Craterostigma plantagineum protein kinase CpWAK1 interacts with pectin and integrates different environmental signals in the cell wall

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peilei Chen ◽  
Valentino Giarola ◽  
Dorothea Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cell Wall Protein ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Craterostigma Plantagineum ◽  
Receptor Kinases

Abstract Main conclusion The cell wall protein CpWAK1 interacts with pectin, participates in decoding cell wall signals, and induces different downstream responses. Abstract Cell wall-associated protein kinases (WAKs) are transmembrane receptor kinases. In the desiccation-tolerant resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum, CpWAK1 has been shown to be involved in stress responses and cell expansion by forming a complex with the C. plantagineum glycine-rich protein1 (CpGRP1). This prompted us to extend the studies of WAK genes in C. plantagineum. The phylogenetic analyses of WAKs from C. plantagineum and from other species suggest that these genes have been duplicated after species divergence. Expression profiles indicate that CpWAKs are involved in various biological processes, including dehydration-induced responses and SA- and JA-related reactions to pathogens and wounding. CpWAK1 shows a high affinity for “egg-box” pectin structures. ELISA assays revealed that the binding of CpWAKs to pectins is modulated by CpGRP1 and it depends on the apoplastic pH. The formation of CpWAK multimers is the prerequisite for the CpWAK–pectin binding. Different pectin extracts lead to opposite trends of CpWAK–pectin binding in the presence of Ca2+ at pH 8. These observations demonstrate that CpWAKs can potentially discriminate and integrate cell wall signals generated by diverse stimuli, in concert with other elements, such as CpGRP1, pHapo, Ca2+[apo], and via the formation of CpWAK multimers.

scholarly journals Genome-wide characterization of WRKY gene family in Helianthus annuus L. and their expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Yang ◽  
Juanjuan Li ◽  
Faisal Islam ◽  
Luyang Hu ◽  
Jiansu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses

Abstract Background: WRKY transcription factors play important roles in various physiological processes and stress responses in flowering plants. However, the information about WRKY genes in Helianthus annuus L. (common sunflower) is limited. Results: Ninety WRKY (HaWRKY) genes were identified and renamed according to their locations on chromosomes. Further phylogenetic analyses classified them into four main groups including a species-specific WKKY group and HaWRKY genes within same group or subgroup generally showed similar exon-intron structures and motif compositions. The tandem and segmental duplication possibly contributed to the diversity and expansion of HaWRKY gene families. Synteny analyses of sunflower WRKY genes provided deep insight to the evolution of HaWRKY genes. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses of HaWRKY genes displayed distinct expression patterns in different plant tissues, as well as under various abiotic and biotic stresses. Conclusions: Ninety WRKY (HaWRKY) genes were identified from H. annuus L. and classified into four groups. Structures of HaWRKY proteins and their evolutionary characteristics were also investigated. The characterization of HaWRKY genes and their expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses in this study provide a foundation for further functional analyses of these genes. Therefore, these functional genes related to increasing the plant tolerance or improving the crop quality, could be applied for the crop improvement..

scholarly journals Genome-wide characterization of WRKY gene family in Helianthus annuus L. and their expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Yang ◽  
Juanjuan Li ◽  
Faisal Islam ◽  
Luyang Hu ◽  
Jiansu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses

Abstract Background: WRKY transcription factors play important roles in various physiological processes and stress responses in flowering plants. However, the information about WRKY genes in Helianthus annuus L. (common sunflower) is limited. Results: Ninety WRKY (HaWRKY) genes were identified and renamed according to their locations on chromosomes. Further phylogenetic analyses classified them into four main groups including a species-specific WKKY group and HaWRKY genes within same group or subgroup generally showed similar exon-intron structures and motif compositions. The tandem and segmental duplication possibly contributed to the diversity and expansion of HaWRKY gene families. Synteny analyses of sunflower WRKY genes provided deep insight to the evolution of HaWRKY genes. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses of HaWRKY genes displayed distinct expression patterns in different plant tissues, as well as under various abiotic and biotic stresses. Conclusions: Ninety WRKY (HaWRKY) genes were identified from H. annuus L. and classified into four groups. Structures of HaWRKY proteins and their evolutionary characteristics were also investigated. The characterization of HaWRKY genes and their expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses in this study provide a foundation for further functional analyses of these genes and will be beneficial to crop improvement.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Analyses of Arabidopsis T-DNA Insertion Lines and Expression Profiling Reveal That Multiple L-Type Lectin Receptor Kinases Are Involved in Plant Immunity

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1390-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Klaas Bouwmeester ◽  
Patrick Beseh ◽  
Weixing Shan ◽  
Francine Govers
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
Dna Insertion

L-type lectin receptor kinases (LecRK) are membrane-spanning receptor-like kinases with putative roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses and in plant development. In Arabidopsis, 45 LecRK were identified but their functions are largely unknown. Here, a systematic functional analysis was carried out by evaluating phenotypic changes of Arabidopsis LecRK T-DNA insertion lines in plant development and upon exposure to various external stimuli. None of the LecRK T-DNA insertion lines showed clear developmental changes, either under normal conditions or upon abiotic stress treatment. However, many of the T-DNA insertion lines showed altered resistance to Phytophthora brassicae, Phytophthora capsici, Pseudomonas syringae, or Alternaria brassicicola. One mutant defective in LecRK-V.5 expression was compromised in resistance to two Phytophthora spp. but showed enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. LecRK-V.5 overexpression confirmed its dual role in resistance and susceptibility depending on the pathogen. Combined analysis of these phenotypic data and LecRK expression profiles retrieved from public datasets revealed that LecRK which are hardly induced upon infection or even suppressed are also involved in pathogen resistance. Computed coexpression analysis revealed that LecRK with similar function displayed diverse expression patterns. Because LecRK are widespread in plants, the results presented here provide invaluable information for exploring the potential of LecRK as novel sources of resistance in crops.

scholarly journals The dehydration- and ABA-inducible germin-like protein CpGLP1 from Craterostigma plantagineum has SOD activity and may contribute to cell wall integrity during desiccation

Planta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 252 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentino Giarola ◽  
Peilei Chen ◽  
Sarah Jane Dulitz ◽  
Maurice König ◽  
Stefano Manduzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Dynamic Matrix ◽  
Craterostigma Plantagineum ◽  
Ros Metabolism

Abstract Main conclusion CpGLP1 belongs to the large group of germin-like proteins and comprises a cell wall-localized protein which has superoxide dismutase activity and may contribute towards ROS metabolism and cell wall folding during desiccation. Abstract The plant cell wall is a dynamic matrix and its plasticity is essential for cell growth and processing of environmental signals to cope with stresses. A few so-called resurrection plants like Craterostigma plantagineum survive desiccation by implementing protection mechanisms. In C. plantagineum, the cell wall shrinks and folds upon desiccation to avoid mechanical and oxidative damage which contributes to cell integrity. Despite the high toxic potential, ROS are important molecules for cell wall remodeling processes as they participate in enzymatic reactions and act as signaling molecules. Here we analyzed the C. plantagineum germin-like protein 1 (CpGLP1) to understand its contribution to cell wall folding and desiccation tolerance. The analysis of the CpGLP1 sequence showed that this protein does not fit into the current GLP classification and forms a new group within the Linderniaceae. CpGLP1 transcripts accumulate in leaves in response to dehydration and ABA, and mannitol treatments transiently induce CpGLP1 transcript accumulation supporting the participation of CpGLP1 in desiccation-related processes. CpGLP1 protein from cell wall protein extracts followed transcript accumulation and protein preparations from bacteria overexpressing CpGLP1 showed SOD activity. In agreement with cell wall localization, CpGLP1 interacts with pectins which have not been reported for GLP proteins. Our data support a role for CpGLP1 in the ROS metabolism related to the control of cell wall plasticity during desiccation in C. plantagineum.

Exonic circular RNAs are involved in Arabidopsis immune response against bacterial and fungal pathogens by function synergistically with corresponding linear RNAs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIN WANG ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Baohuan Guo ◽  
Le Xu ◽  
Leyao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
The Relationship

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of covalently closed RNAs, and their biological function is largely unknown. In this study, we focused on circRNAs that are generated from exon back-splicing (exonic circRNAs). The linear RNA counterparts encode functional proteins, that we can compare and investigate the relationship between circular and linear RNAs. We compared circRNA expression profiles between untreated and Pseudomonas syringae-infected Arabidopsis, and identified and experimentally validated differentially expressed exonic circRNAs by multiple approaches. We found that exonic circRNAs are preferentially enriched in biological processes that associate with biotic and abiotic stress responses. We discovered that circR194 and circR4022 are involved in plant response against P. syringae infection, while circR11208 is involved in response against Botrytis cinerea infection. Intriguingly, our results indicate that these exonic circRNAs function synergistically with their corresponding linear RNAs. Furthermore, circR4022 and circR11208 also play substantial roles in Arabidopsis tolerance to salt stress. This study extends our understanding of the molecular functions of plant circRNAs.

scholarly journals Genome-wide Characterization of GRAS Transcription Factors and Their Potential Roles in Development and Drought Resilience in Rose (Rosa chinensis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Kumari ◽  
Vijay Gahlaut ◽  
Ekjot Kaur ◽  
Sanatsujat Singh ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Rosa Chinensis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Am Symbiosis ◽  
Hormone Responses

Abstract In the past few years, plant-specific GRAS transcription factors (TFs) were reported to play an essential role in regulating several biological processes, such as plant growth and development, phytochrome signal, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis, environmental stress responses. GRAS genes have been thoroughly studied in several plant species, but unexplored in Rosa chinensis (rose). In this study, 59 rose GRAS genes (RcGRAS) were identified. Phylogenetic analyses grouped RcGRAS genes into 17 subfamilies, of which subfamily Rc2 was Rosaceae family-specific. Gene structure analyses showed that most of the RcGRAS genes were intronless and were relatively conserved. Cis-element analyses suggested that RcGRAS genes may involve in distinct biological processes and responsive to diverse abiotic stresses. Most of the genes were localized in the nucleus, except for a few in the cytoplasm. Gene expression analysis was also performed in various tissues, during gibberellin (GA) and drought stress treatment. The expression patterns of RcGRAS genes during GA treatment and in response to drought stresses suggested the potential functions of these genes in regulating stress and hormone responses. In summary, a comprehensive exploration of the rose GRAS gene family was performed, and the generated information can be utilized for further functional-based studies on this family.

scholarly journals Genome-wide in silico identification and expression analysis of beta-galactosidase family members in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuyun Hou ◽  
Zhen Qin ◽  
Taifeng Du ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Aixian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Cell Wall Modification

Abstract Background: Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) serves as an important food source for human beings. β-galactosidase (bgal) is a glycosyl hydrolase involved in cell wall modification, which plays essential roles in plant development and environmental stress adaptation. However, the function of bgals genes in sweetpotato has yet to be reported.Results: In this study, 17 β-galactosidase genes (Ibbgal) were identified in sweetpotato, which were classified into seven subfamilies using interspecific phylogenetic and comparative analyses. The promoter regions of Ibbgals harbored several stress, hormone and light responsive cis-acting elements. Quantitative real-time PCR results displayed that Ibbgal genes had the distinct expression patterns across different tissues and varieties. Moreover, the expression profiles under various hormonal treatments, abiotic and biotic stresses were highly divergent in leaves and root. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Ibbgals may involve in plant development and stress responses through regulating the metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides.

scholarly journals Systematic analysis of NAC transcription factors in Gossypium barbadense uncovers their roles in response to Verticillium wilt

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanji Liu ◽  
Mingchuan Fu ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Yizhen Chen ◽  
Liguo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Hormone Regulation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

As one of the largest plant-specific gene families, the NAC transcription factor gene family plays important roles in various plant physiological processes that are related to plant development, hormone signaling, and biotic and abiotic stresses. However, systematic investigation of the NAC gene family in sea-island cotton (Gossypium babardense L.) has not been reported, to date. The recent release of the complete genome sequence of sea-island cotton allowed us to perform systematic analyses of G. babardense NAC GbNAC) genes. In this study, we performed a genome-wide survey and identified 270 GbNAC genes in the sea-island cotton genome. Genome mapping analysis showed that GbNAC genes were unevenly distributed on 26 chromosomes. Through phylogenetic analyses of GbNACs along with their Arabidopsis counterparts, these proteins were divided into 10 groups (I–X), and each contained a different number of GbNACs with a similar gene structure and conserved motifs. One hundred and fifty-four duplicated gene pairs were identified, and almost all of them exhibited strong purifying selection during evolution. In addition, various cis-acting regulatory elements in GbNAC genes were found to be related to major hormones, defense and stress responses. Notably, transcriptome data analyses unveiled the expression profiles of 62 GbNAC genes under Verticillium wilt (VW) stress. Furthermore, the expression profiles of 15 GbNAC genes tested by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) demonstrated that they were sensitive to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatments and that they could be involved in pathogen-related hormone regulation. Taken together, the genome-wide identification and expression profiling pave new avenues for systematic functional analysis of GbNAC candidates, which may be useful for improving cotton defense against VW.

scholarly journals Genome-wide characterization of WRKY gene family in Helianthus annuus L. and their expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0241965
Author(s):  
Juanjuan Li ◽  
Faisal Islam ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Weijun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Gene Pairs ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Species Specific

WRKY transcription factors play important roles in various physiological processes and stress responses in flowering plants. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the important vegetable oil supplies in the world. However, the information about WRKY genes in sunflower is limited. In this study, ninety HaWRKY genes were identified and renamed according to their locations on chromosomes. Further phylogenetic analyses classified them into four main groups including a species-specific WKKY group. Besides, HaWRKY genes within the same group or subgroup generally showed similar exon-intron structures and motif compositions. The gene duplication analysis showed that five pairs of HaWRKY genes (HaWRKY8/9, HaWRKY53/54, HaWRKY65/66, HaWRKY66/67 and HaWRKY71/72) are tandem duplicated and four HaWRKY gene pairs (HaWRKY15/82, HaWRKY25/65, HaWRKY28/55 and HaWRKY50/53) are also identified as segmental duplication events, indicating that these duplication genes were contribute to the diversity and expansion of HaWRKY gene families. The dN/dS ratio of these duplicated gene pairs were also calculated to understand the evolutionary constraints. In addition, synteny analyses of sunflower WRKY genes provided deep insight to the evolution of HaWRKY genes. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses of HaWRKY genes displayed distinct expression patterns in different plant tissues, as well as under various abiotic and biotic stresses, which provide a foundation for further functional analyses of these genes. Those functional genes related to stress tolerance and quality improvement could be applied in marker assisted breeding of the crop.

scholarly journals Beta galactosidases in Arabidopsis and tomato–a mini review

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balakumaran Chandrasekar ◽  
Renier A.L. van der Hoorn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Signal Peptide ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolases ◽  
Seed Imbibition ◽  
Galactosyl Residues

Beta galactosidases (BGALs) are glycosyl hydrolases that remove terminal β-D-galactosyl residues from β-D-galactosides. There are 17 predicted BGAL genes in the genomes of both Arabidopsis (BGAL1–17) and tomato (TBG1–17). All tested BGALs have BGAL activity but their distinct expression profiles and ancient phylogenetic separation indicates that these enzymes fulfil diverse, non-redundant roles in plant biology. The majority of these BGALs are predicted to have signal peptide and thought to act during cell wall-related biological processes. Interestingly, deletion of BGAL6 and BGAL10 in Arabidopsis causes reduced mucilage release during seed imbibition and shorter siliques respectively, whereas TBG4 depletion by RNAi decreases in fruit softening in tomato. The majority of plant BGALs remain to be characterized.

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