scholarly journals OsJAZ11 regulates phosphate starvation responses in rice

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bipin K. Pandey ◽  
Lokesh Verma ◽  
Ankita Prusty ◽  
Ajit Pal Singh ◽  
Malcolm J. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Ja Signaling

Abstract Main conclusion OsJAZ11 regulates phosphate homeostasis by suppressing jasmonic acid signaling and biosynthesis in rice roots. Abstract Jasmonic Acid (JA) is a key plant signaling molecule which negatively regulates growth processes including root elongation. JAZ (JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN) proteins function as transcriptional repressors of JA signaling. Therefore, targeting JA signaling by deploying JAZ repressors may enhance root length in crops. In this study, we overexpressed JAZ repressor OsJAZ11 in rice to alleviate the root growth inhibitory action of JA. OsJAZ11 is a low phosphate (Pi) responsive gene which is transcriptionally regulated by OsPHR2. We report that OsJAZ11 overexpression promoted primary and seminal root elongation which enhanced Pi foraging. Expression studies revealed that overexpression of OsJAZ11 also reduced Pi starvation response (PSR) under Pi limiting conditions. Moreover, OsJAZ11 overexpression also suppressed JA signaling and biosynthesis as compared to wild type (WT). We further demonstrated that the C-terminal region of OsJAZ11 was crucial for stimulating root elongation in overexpression lines. Rice transgenics overexpressing truncated OsJAZ11ΔC transgene (i.e., missing C-terminal region) exhibited reduced root length and Pi uptake. Interestingly, OsJAZ11 also regulates Pi homeostasis via physical interaction with a key Pi sensing protein, OsSPX1. Our study highlights the functional connections between JA and Pi signaling and reveals JAZ repressors as a promising candidate for improving low Pi tolerance of elite rice genotypes.

Identification and characterization of novel QTL conferring internal detoxification of aluminum in soybean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Heng Ye ◽  
Li Song ◽  
Tri D Vuong ◽  
Qijian Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Root Length Ratio

Abstract Aluminum (Al) toxicity inhibits soybean root growth, leading to insufficient water and nutrient uptake. In this research, two soybean lines (Magellan and PI 567731) were identified differing in Al tolerance as determined by primary root length ratio (PRL_Ratio), total root length ratio (TRL_Ratio), and root tip number ratio (RTN_Ratio) under Al stress compared to unstressed controlled conditions. Serious root necrosis was observed in PI 567731, but not in Magellan under Al stress. An F8 recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between Magellan and PI 567731 was used to map the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Al-tolerance. Three QTL on chromosomes 3, 13, and 20, with tolerant-alleles from Magellan, were identified. qAl_Gm13 and qAl_Gm20, explained large phenotypic variations (13-27%) and played roles in maintaining root elongation. qAl_Gm03 was involved in maintaining root initiation under Al stress. These results suggested the importance of using the parameters of root elongation and root initiation in Al tolerance studies. In addition, qAl_Gm13 and qAl_Gm20 were confirmed in near-isogenic backgrounds and were identified to epistatically regulate Al tolerance in internal detoxification instead of Al 3+ exclusion. The candidate genes for qAl_Gm13 and qAl_Gm20 were suggested by analyzing a previous RNA-seq study. Phylogenetic and pedigree analysis identified the tolerant alleles of both loci derived from the US ancestor line, A.K.[FC30761], originally from China. Our results provide novel genetic resources for breeding Al-tolerant soybeans and suggest that the internal detoxification contributes to soybean tolerance to excessive soil Al.

scholarly journals Functions of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Regulation and Response to Abiotic Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wang ◽  
Li Song ◽  
Xue Gong ◽  
Jinfan Xu ◽  
Minhui Li
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Complex Signal ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Signal Network

Jasmonic acid (JA) is an endogenous growth-regulating substance, initially identified as a stress-related hormone in higher plants. Similarly, the exogenous application of JA also has a regulatory effect on plants. Abiotic stress often causes large-scale plant damage. In this review, we focus on the JA signaling pathways in response to abiotic stresses, including cold, drought, salinity, heavy metals, and light. On the other hand, JA does not play an independent regulatory role, but works in a complex signal network with other phytohormone signaling pathways. In this review, we will discuss transcription factors and genes involved in the regulation of the JA signaling pathway in response to abiotic stress. In this process, the JAZ-MYC module plays a central role in the JA signaling pathway through integration of regulatory transcription factors and related genes. Simultaneously, JA has synergistic and antagonistic effects with abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), salicylic acid (SA), and other plant hormones in the process of resisting environmental stress.

scholarly journals Heterologous microProtein expression identifies LITTLE NINJA, a dominant regulator of jasmonic acid signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (42) ◽  
pp. 26197-26205
Author(s):  
Shin-Young Hong ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Daniel Straub ◽  
Anko Blaakmeer ◽  
Lorenzo Mineri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Multidomain Proteins ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Jasmonic Acid Signaling ◽  
Domain Protein ◽  
Ja Signaling

MicroProteins are small, often single-domain proteins that are sequence-related to larger, often multidomain proteins. Here, we used a combination of comparative genomics and heterologous synthetic misexpression to isolate functional cereal microProtein regulators. Our approach identified LITTLE NINJA (LNJ), a microProtein that acts as a modulator of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. Ectopic expression ofLNJinArabidopsisresulted in stunted plants that resembled the decupleJAZ(jazD) mutant. In fact, comparing the transcriptomes of transgenicLNJoverexpressor plants andjazDrevealed a large overlap of deregulated genes, suggesting that ectopicLNJexpression altered JA signaling. Transgenic Brachypodium plants with elevatedLNJexpression levels showed deregulation of JA signaling as well and displayed reduced growth and enhanced production of side shoots (tiller). This tillering effect was transferable between grass species, and overexpression ofLNJin barley and rice caused similar traits. We used a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) approach and created a LNJ-like protein inArabidopsisby deleting parts of the coding sentence of theAFP2gene that encodes a NINJA-domain protein. Theseafp2-crisprmutants were also stunted in size and resembledjazD. Thus, similar genome-engineering approaches can be exploited as a future tool to create LNJ proteins and produce cereals with altered architectures.

scholarly journals Jasmonic Acid-Induced VQ-Motif-Containing Protein OsVQ13 Influences the OsWRKY45 Signaling Pathway and Grain Size by Associating with OsMPK6 in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Uji ◽  
Keita Kashihara ◽  
Haruna Kiyama ◽  
Susumu Mochizuki ◽  
Kazuya Akimitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Rice Bacterial Blight ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Ja Signaling

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant hormone that plays an important role in the defense response and stable growth of rice. In this study, we investigated the role of the JA-responsive valine-glutamine (VQ)-motif-containing protein OsVQ13 in JA signaling in rice. OsVQ13 was primarily located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsVQ13 exhibited a JA-hypersensitive phenotype and increased JA-induced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which is the bacteria that causes rice bacterial blight, one of the most serious diseases in rice. Furthermore, we identified a mitogen-activated protein kinase, OsMPK6, as an OsVQ13-associating protein. The expression of genes regulated by OsWRKY45, an important WRKY-type transcription factor for Xoo resistance that is known to be regulated by OsMPK6, was upregulated in OsVQ13-overexpressing rice plants. The grain size of OsVQ13-overexpressing rice plants was also larger than that of the wild type. These results indicated that OsVQ13 positively regulated JA signaling by activating the OsMPK6–OsWRKY45 signaling pathway in rice.

scholarly journals Tomato Susceptibility to Root-Knot Nematodes Requires an Intact Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1205-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor K. Bhattarai ◽  
Qi-Guang Xie ◽  
Sophie Mantelin ◽  
Usha Bishnoi ◽  
Thomas Girke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Array Analysis ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Transcript Profiles ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Compatible Interactions

Responses of resistant (Mi-1/Mi-1) and susceptible (mi-1/ mi-1) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) infection were monitored using cDNA microarrays, and the roles of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) defense signaling were evaluated in these interactions. Array analysis was used to compare transcript profiles in incompatible and compatible interactions of tomato roots 24 h after RKN infestation. The jai1 and def1 tomato mutant, altered in JA signaling, and tomato transgenic line NahG, altered in SA signaling, in the presence or absence of the RKN resistance gene Mi-1, were evaluated. The array analysis identified 1,497 and 750 genes differentially regulated in the incompatible and compatible interactions, respectively. Of the differentially regulated genes, 37% were specific to the incompatible interactions. NahG affected neither Mi-1 resistance nor basal defenses to RKNs. However, jai1 reduced tomato susceptibility to RKNs while not affecting Mi-1 resistance. In contrast, the def1 mutant did not affect RKN susceptibility. These results indicate that JA-dependent signaling does not play a role in Mi-1-mediated defense; however, an intact JA signaling pathway is required for tomato susceptibility to RKNs. In addition, low levels of SA might be sufficient for basal and Mi-1 resistance to RKNs.

scholarly journals The Cotton Ghplp2 Positively Regulates Plant Defense against Verticillium Dahliae by Modulating Fatty Acid Accumulation and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutao Zhu ◽  
Xiaoqian Hu ◽  
Yujiao Jia ◽  
Linying Gao ◽  
Yakun Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Ja Signaling

Abstract Patatin-like proteins (PLPs) have nonspecific lipid acyl hydrolyze (LAH) activity, which can hydrolyze membrane lipids into fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The vital role of PLPs in plant growth and abiotic stress has been well elucidated. However, the function of PLPs in plant defense response against pathogens is still poorly understood. Here, we isolated and identified a novel cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) patatin-like protein gene GhPLP2. GhPLP2 expression was induced upon treatment with pathogens Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium xysporum, and signaling molecules jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene in cotton plants. Subcellular localization revealed that GhPLP2 was localized in the cell wall and plasma membrane. GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants showed reduced resistance to V. dahliae infection, while overexpression of GhPLP2 in Arabidopsis enhanced the resistance to V. dahliae, with mild symptoms, decreased disease index, and fungal biomass. Hypersensitive response, callose deposition, and H2O2 accumulation triggered by V. dahlia elicitor were reduced in silenced cotton plants. GhPLP2-transgenic Arabidopsis had more accumulation of JA and JA synthesis precursor linoleic acid (LA, 18:2) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3) than control plants. Consistently, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and jasmonic acid have decreased in GhPLP2-silenced cotton plants. Further, the gene expression of the JA signaling pathway is up-regulated in transgenic Arabidopsis and down-regulated in silenced cotton plants, respectively. These results showed that GhPLP2 is involved in plants' resistance to V. dahliae by maintaining fatty acid metabolism pools for JA biosynthesis and activation of the JA signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Circadian Network Interactions with Jasmonate Signaling and Defense

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Thines ◽  
Emily V. Parlan ◽  
Elena C. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Clock Proteins ◽  
Jaz Proteins ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Ja Signaling

Plants experience specific stresses at particular, but predictable, times of the day. The circadian clock is a molecular oscillator that increases plant survival by timing internal processes to optimally match these environmental challenges. Clock regulation of jasmonic acid (JA) action is important for effective defenses against fungal pathogens and generalist herbivores in multiple plant species. Endogenous JA levels are rhythmic and under clock control with peak JA abundance during the day, a time when plants are more likely to experience certain types of biotic stresses. The expression of many JA biosynthesis, signaling, and response genes is transcriptionally controlled by the clock and timed through direct connections with core clock proteins. For example, the promoter of Arabidopsis transcription factor MYC2, a master regulator for JA signaling, is directly bound by the clock evening complex (EC) to negatively affect JA processes, including leaf senescence, at the end of the day. Also, tobacco ZEITLUPE, a circadian photoreceptor, binds directly to JAZ proteins and stimulates their degradation with resulting effects on JA root-based defenses. Collectively, a model where JA processes are embedded within the circadian network at multiple levels is emerging, and these connections to the circadian network suggest multiple avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Defense Pathways Reduce Natural Bacterial Diversity on Arabidopsis thaliana

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1512-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Kniskern ◽  
M. Brian Traw ◽  
Joy Bergelson
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Wide Range

Terrestrial plants serve as large and diverse habitats for a wide range of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes, yet these communities are not well described and little is known about the effects of plant defense on microbial communities in nature. We designed a field experiment to determine how variation in two plant defense signaling pathways affects the size, diversity, and composition of the natural endophytic and epiphytic bacterial communities of Arabidopsis thaliana. To do this, we provide an initial characterization of these bacterial communities in one population in southwestern Michigan, United States, and we compare these two communities among A. thaliana mutants deficient in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling defense pathways, controls, and plants with artificially elevated levels of defense. We identified 30 distinct bacterial groups on A. thaliana that differ in colony morphology and 16S rRNA sequence. We show that induction of SA-mediated defenses reduced endophytic bacterial community diversity, whereas plants deficient in JA-mediated defenses experienced greater epiphytic bacterial diversity. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between total community size and diversity, indicating that relatively susceptible plants should, in general, harbor higher bacterial diversity. This experiment provides novel information about the ecology of bacteria on A. thaliana and demonstrates that variation in two specific plant-signaling defense pathways can influence bacterial diversity on plants.

scholarly journals Facilitation of Fusarium graminearum Infection by 9-Lipoxygenases in Arabidopsis and Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1142-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamsi J. Nalam ◽  
Syeda Alam ◽  
Jantana Keereetaweep ◽  
Barney Venables ◽  
Dehlia Burdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Important Disease

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight, an important disease of wheat. F. graminearum can also cause disease in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis LOX1 and LOX5 genes, which encode 9-lipoxygenases (9-LOXs), are targeted during this interaction to facilitate infection. LOX1 and LOX5 expression were upregulated in F. graminearum–inoculated plants and loss of LOX1 or LOX5 function resulted in enhanced disease resistance in the corresponding mutant plants. The enhanced resistance to F. graminearum infection in the lox1 and lox5 mutants was accompanied by more robust induction of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and signaling and attenuation of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in response to infection. The lox1- and lox5-conferred resistance was diminished in plants expressing the SA-degrading salicylate hydroxylase or by the application of methyl-JA. Results presented here suggest that plant 9-LOXs are engaged during infection to control the balance between SA and JA signaling to facilitate infection. Furthermore, since silencing of TaLpx-1 encoding a 9-LOX with homology to LOX1 and LOX5, resulted in enhanced resistance against F. graminearum in wheat, we suggest that 9-LOXs have a conserved role as susceptibility factors in disease caused by this important fungus in Arabidopsis and wheat.

scholarly journals The THO/TREX Complex Active in Alternative Splicing Mediates Plant Responses to Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12197
Author(s):  
Nengxu Sun ◽  
Xiangjiu Kong ◽  
Yueyan Liu ◽  
Tingting Gong ◽  
Xiaoyong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Ja Signaling

Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are essential plant immune hormones, which could induce plant resistance to multiple pathogens. However, whether common components are employed by both SA and JA to induce defense is largely unknown. In this study, we found that the enhanced disease susceptibility 8 (EDS8) mutant was compromised in plant defenses to hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 and necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and was deficient in plant responses to both SA and JA. The EDS8 was identified to be THO1, which encodes a subunit of the THO/TREX complex, by using mapping-by-sequencing. To check whether the EDS8 itself or the THO/TREX complex mediates SA and JA signaling, the mutant of another subunit of the THO/TREX complex, THO3, was tested. THO3 mutation reduced both SA and JA induced defenses, indicating that the THO/TREX complex is critical for plant responses to these two hormones. We further proved that the THO/TREX interacting protein SERRATE, a factor regulating alternative splicing (AS), was involved in plant responses to SA and JA. Thus, the AS events in the eds8 mutant after SA or JA treatment were determined, and we found that the SA and JA induced different alternative splicing events were majorly modulated by EDS8. In summary, our study proves that the THO/TREX complex active in AS is involved in both SA and JA induced plant defenses.

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