scholarly journals Correlations between microsatellite instability and the biological behaviour of tumours

2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. 2891-2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Ru-yi Zheng ◽  
Zai-shun Jin
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Frameshift Peptides

Abstract Purpose Microsatellites are widely distributed repetitive DNA motifs, accounting for approximately 3% of the genome. Due to mismatch repair system deficiency, insertion or deletion of repetitive units often occurs, leading to microsatellite instability. In this review, we aimed to explore the relationship between MSI and biological behaviour of colorectal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, lymphoma/leukaemia and endometrial carcinoma, as well as the application of frameshift peptide vaccines in cancer therapy. Methods The relevant literature from PubMed and Baidu Xueshu were reviewed in this article. The ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for clinical trials related to the specific topic. Results Microsatellite instability is divided into three subtypes: high-level, low-level microsatellite instability, and stable microsatellites. The majority of tumour patients with high-level microsatellite instability often show a better efficacy and prognosis than those with low-level microsatellite instability or stable microsatellites. In coding regions, especially for genes involved in tumourigenesis, microsatellite instability often results in inactivation of proteins and contributes to tumourigenesis. Moreover, the occurrence of microsatellite instability in coding regions can also cause the generation of frameshift peptides that are thought to be unknown and novel to the individual immune system. Thus, these frameshift peptides have the potential to be biomarkers to raise tumour-specific immune responses. Conclusion MSI has the potential to become a key predictor for evaluating the degree of malignancy, efficacy and prognosis of tumours. Clinically, MSI patterns will provide more valuable information for clinicians to create optimal individualized treatment strategies based on frameshift peptides vaccines.

scholarly journals Methylation in p14ARF is Frequently Observed in Colorectal Cancer with Low-level Microsatellite Instability

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1038-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kominami ◽  
T Nagasaka ◽  
HM Cullings ◽  
N Hoshizima ◽  
H Sasamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Methylguanine Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
High Level

Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be classified as high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H), low-level MSI (MSI-L) and microsatellite stable (MSS) depending on levels of MSI. MSI-H CRC relies on a distinct molecular pathway due to the mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency and shows methylation in multiple gene promoters. The genetic pathway leading to MSI-L is unknown, although higher levels of promoter methylation are observed in this group compared with MSS CRCs. This study explored how promoter methylation affects MSI phenotype, by analysing the methylation status of eight CRC-related promoters, MSI phenotype and KRAS/BRAF mutations in a series of 234 CRCs. Promoter methylation of p14ARF was significantly related to MSI-L CRC with KRAS mutation. The MSI-H phenotype was related to methylation of MLH1 as expected, while the MSS phenotype was related to methylation of p16INK4a and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, although this was not statistically significant. Thus, promoter methylation of p14ARF could be a significant alteration leading to CRC with MSI-L.

scholarly journals Quasimonomorphic Mononucleotide Repeats for High-Level Microsatellite Instability Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Buhard ◽  
Nirosha Suraweera ◽  
Aude Lectard ◽  
Alex Duval ◽  
Richard Hamelin
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Consensus Meeting ◽  
Dinucleotide Repeats ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Msi Analysis ◽  
Microsatellite Instability Analysis

Microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis is becoming more and more important to detect sporadic primary tumors of the MSI phenotype as well as in helping to determine Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) cases. After some years of conflicting data due to the absence of consensus markers for the MSI phenotype, a meeting held in Bethesda to clarify the situation proposed a set of 5 microsatellites (2 mononucleotide repeats and 3 dinucleotide repeats) to determine MSI tumors. A second Bethesda consensus meeting was held at the end of 2002. It was discussed here that the 1998 microsatellite panel could underestimate high-level MSI tumors and overestimate low-level MSI tumors. Amongst the suggested changes was the exclusive use of mononucleotide repeats in place of dinucleotide repeats. We have already proposed a pentaplex MSI screening test comprising 5 quasimonomorphic mononucleotide repeats. This article compares the advantages of mono or dinucleotide repeats in determining microsatellite instability.

scholarly journals Considering religion and spirituality in precision medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
Karen H K Yeary ◽  
Kassandra I Alcaraz ◽  
Kimlin Tam Ashing ◽  
Chungyi Chiu ◽  
Shannon M Christy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Treatment Context ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Abstract The emerging era of precision medicine (PM) holds great promise for patient care by considering individual, environmental, and lifestyle factors to optimize treatment. Context is centrally important to PM, yet, to date, little attention has been given to the unique context of religion and spirituality (R/S) and their applicability to PM. R/S can support and reinforce health beliefs and behaviors that affect health outcomes. The purpose of this article is to discuss how R/S can be considered in PM at multiple levels of context and recommend strategies for integrating R/S in PM. We conducted a descriptive, integrative literature review of R/S at the individual, institutional, and societal levels, with the aim of focusing on R/S factors with a high level of salience to PM. We discuss the utility of considering R/S in the suitability and uptake of PM prevention and treatment strategies by providing specific examples of how R/S influences health beliefs and practices at each level. We also propose future directions in research and practice to foster greater understanding and integration of R/S to enhance the acceptability and patient responsiveness of PM research approaches and clinical practices. Elucidating the context of R/S and its value to PM can advance efforts toward a more whole-person and patient-centered approach to improve individual and population health.

scholarly journals Competency to Sort Information and Selectively React To This Information as a Function of Cognitive Style

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Ahmed Ghaleb Saeed ◽  
Dr. M. K. Tajne
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Word Test ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the competency of the individual to sort information from his or her environment and selectively react to this information is influenced by such important variables as cognitive style. For the investigation Purposive randomized sampling technique will be employed to select the adults. Effective sample will be consist of 240 adult, in which 120 adults will be male, and another 120 adults will be female, male adults and female adults will equally classify in urban and rural, again both group from male adults (urban and rural) and female adults (urban and rural) will equally classify in high level of cognitive style and low level of cognitive style. To determine Pattern of cognitive style, Cognitive Style inventory (CSI) developed by Dr. Praveen Kumar Jha, will be used, and To determine competency of the individual to separate the word and colour naming stimuli Stroop Colour and Word test standardized by Charles J. Golden will be use. For the each subject, initially data of each group will be separately scrutinized by employing descriptive statistics i.e. mean and S.D. The statistical analysis will be mainly consisted of inferential statistics i.e. Two Way ANOVA with the help of SPSS. Outcome of result shows that the Competency to sort information and selectively react to this information as a Function of cognitive style.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL-PHENOMENOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGRESSIVENESS AND HOSTILE REACTIONS IN THE COMMAND WAREHOUSE OF THE COMMERCIAL AND PASSENGER NAVY

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
K.A. Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Occupational Stressors ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

During 2016-2019, 110 members of the command staff of the Merchant Navy (KTF) and 70 commanders of the passenger fleet (KPF) were surveyed. The study included the use of clinical and psychopathological, psychodiagnostic and statistical methods. The purpose of the work is to provide structural and phenomenological characteristics of aggression and hostile reactions in the command staff of the merchant and passenger navy, as a destructive response of the individual to excessive occupational stressors, depending on the specifics of their professional activities. Design, contingent and research methods. KTF are characterized by a higher intensity of manifestations of aggression, which are expressed in them at the level of increased values, and have a higher number of people with a high level of their severity, compared with KPF, which show a medium intensity of manifestations and a higher number of people with a low level of aggressive manifestations. This is due to an increase in such components of aggression as irritation and verbal aggression, against the background of average susceptibility to physical aggression. The vast majority of commanders of both types of navy show hostility reactions of increased severity, although among the CPF the number of people with an average level is higher than among the CTF. This indicates the presence of a destructive vector of affective-behavioral response in this contingent. This is partly due to the increased sense of guilt, which is observed both in the sample as a whole and in a larger number of KPF, compared with KTF. The obtained data should be taken into account when developing specific measures of psychotherapy and psychoprophylaxis for this contingent, which is the perspective of this study.

scholarly journals Associations of the Big Five and locus of control with problem gambling in a large Australian sample

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253046
Author(s):  
Juliane M. von der Heiden ◽  
Boris Egloff
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Gambling may range from being a recreational leisure activity to a behavioral addiction. A rising number of gamblers experience adverse consequences from gambling, termed problem gambling, which may become a challenge for the individual and society. With the present research, we aimed to investigate the correlates of problem gambling. We used a large sample of more than 12,500 individuals (46% male, Mage = 48, SDage = 18) from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey and analyzed sociodemographic and personality variables (Big Five, locus of control) as well as the extent of problem gambling. Findings showed that male sex and a lower level of education were related to problem gambling, but personality traits were predictive of problem gambling over and above sociodemographic variables. Specifically, a low level of emotional stability, an external locus of control, and, to a lesser extent, a low level of conscientiousness and a high level of extraversion were predictive of problem gambling, whereas openness and agreeableness were not. These results remained constant across various robustness analyses. Our findings reveal the importance of including personality traits when explaining gambling behavior.

scholarly journals V.—What is Laterite?

1911 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Leigh Fermor
Keyword(s):  
Great Variability ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Detrital Laterite or Lateritite.—Many of the so-called low-level laterites and some of the high-level laterites consist of admixtures of detritus from the various varieties of laterite already mentioned, with quartz and argillaceous detritus from granites and gneisses, the whole cemented together by the action of water on the lateritic constituents of the mixture. For such rocks the name detrital laterite is available, and could be used in all cases in which the reconstructed rock contained, say, at least 40 per cent of lateritic constituents. Theoretically, detrital laterites may contain, as an upper limit, 100 per cent of lateritic constituents, corresponding to the case of a detrital rock composed entirely of fragments of a pure laterite, without admixture of extraneous constituents. From the above it will be seen that I would allow greater elasticity in using the term laterite for the detrital forms than for those formed in situ (see next paragraph), provided the adjective detrital be carefully prefixed; for this word seems to me to imply the great variability of composition that must characterize these secondary laterites. But if it were considered desirable to avoid the use of the word laterite altogether in this connexion, the obvious term to use instead would seem to be lateritite, implying a rock the individual constituents of which are pieces of laterite. This term would be of great utility, and could be applied to all detrital and reconstructed lateritic rocks. The word is put forward here merely as a suggestion, but if geologists were to distinguish, in writing, between laterite, lateritoid, and lateritite, great clarity could be introduced into the literature of these substances.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF STUDENTS’ PROCRASTINATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Vira Dub
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Academic Procrastination ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Abstract. The article carries out a theoretical and methodological analysis of the phenomenon of procrastination. In psychology, procrastination is understood as a constant postponement and non-fulfillment of planned tasks. It is different from a simple correction of plans or laziness. A person is well aware that non-fulfillment of certain cases can have negative consequences (non-fulfillment at all, late execution, excessive extra effort for deadlines, condemnation of relatives, lack of sleep), however. Again and again a person postpones it. That is why procrastination is often accompanied by various negative emotional states: guilt, anxiety, discomfort, a sense of inability to control the situation. Procrastination is usually manifested in activities, the result of which is very important for the individual. Students have all kinds of procrastination, but academic procrastination is the most common. Most often studentsʼs procrastination occurs in situations that involve intellectual stress, require self-organization and activity planning, with deferred remuneration, not sufficiently motivated. The classic of academic procrastination is to prepare for the exam on the last day, to write a term paper the day before the defense, or even to write it at night. Chronic procrastination is characteristic of students who have chosen the wrong specialty and the wrong educational institution, so they study without interest and try to complete educational tasks on the last day. In addition, such students show an inability to organize their activities, forgetfulness, general behavioral rigidity. There are the factors that cause procrastination in the studentʼs environment. They are psychological, socio-psychological, pedagogical and psychophysiological factors. An empirical study has shown that procrastination is common to all students, but manifests in varies degrees. There are some causes of procrastination that the students indicated. They are inability to plan, lack of time, lack of motivation, fatigue, health, too many tasks, uninteresting tasks, lack of willpower, the presence of other important tasks. It should be said that both groups with a low level of procrastination and with a high level of procrastination there are students who have a positive attitude to procrastination. They see the benefit of procrastination, explaining that they have time to have a rest, time to find more effective way to achieve a desired result, thus considering procrastination a natural state of reduced activity. In the group of students with a low level of procrastination the success rate is higher than in the groups of students with medium and high levels of procrastination. In the group of students with a low level of procrastination there is a high overall ability to self-regulate. High self-regulation of laziness is a characteristic of students with low levels of procrastination.

Analysis of signal pathway activation in hepatocellular carcinoma: Association with clinical outcomes to sorafenib in Chinese patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15529-e15529
Author(s):  
Y. Ji ◽  
J. Fan ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
Y. Tan ◽  
J. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
High Level

e15529 Background: The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma invovles multi-stage development of molecular aberrations affecting signaling pathways that regulate cancer growth and progression. Treatment strategies have focused on inhibition of the Ras effector pathway with inhibitors of Raf, such as sorafenib in HCC. Greater understanding of the cellular response to sorafenib is needed to tailor targeted therapy for individual patients and identify those more likely to benefit. Methods: We performed immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray of tumor and adjacent liver tissue from 40 HBV-infected HCC patients who were treated with sorafenib, and 20 normal liver. We compared the levels of 8 signaling proteins including growth factor receptors (PDGFRa, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, c-kit, c-met, IGF-R, EGFR), tumor suppressors (PTEN) and their downstream phosphorylated (p-) signal transducers (p-RAF, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2; PI3K, p-AKT, NFkB, axin, β-catenin,p-GSK3β, p-mTOR, p-S6, p-70S6K, p-JNK, p-SRC, p-STAT3, c-fos, c-jun) in cancer cells and endothelial cells of HCC to those in non-neoplastic liver. Results: The overall profiles of signalling protein expression levels, activation states and subcellular distribution in HCC cells and endothelial cells were distinguishable from non-neoplastic hepatocytes. The ERK pathway activation was correlated with low level of nuclear β-cat and high level of p-mTOR (p<0.05). Long survival (>6m) patients were characterized by high level of nuclear pERK and low level of p-AKT, p-GSK3β (p<0.05) in tumor cells. The high microvessel density and the presence of micrometastases correlated with high level of VEGFR, p-ERK and p-SRC in endothelial cells. Conclusions: Sorafenib may affect signalling through the Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK pathway. HBV-related HCC patients with. overactivation of signal transduction cascade MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways in tumor cells and/or endothelial cells may benefit from the targeted treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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