scholarly journals V.—What is Laterite?

1911 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Leigh Fermor
Keyword(s):  
Great Variability ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Detrital Laterite or Lateritite.—Many of the so-called low-level laterites and some of the high-level laterites consist of admixtures of detritus from the various varieties of laterite already mentioned, with quartz and argillaceous detritus from granites and gneisses, the whole cemented together by the action of water on the lateritic constituents of the mixture. For such rocks the name detrital laterite is available, and could be used in all cases in which the reconstructed rock contained, say, at least 40 per cent of lateritic constituents. Theoretically, detrital laterites may contain, as an upper limit, 100 per cent of lateritic constituents, corresponding to the case of a detrital rock composed entirely of fragments of a pure laterite, without admixture of extraneous constituents. From the above it will be seen that I would allow greater elasticity in using the term laterite for the detrital forms than for those formed in situ (see next paragraph), provided the adjective detrital be carefully prefixed; for this word seems to me to imply the great variability of composition that must characterize these secondary laterites. But if it were considered desirable to avoid the use of the word laterite altogether in this connexion, the obvious term to use instead would seem to be lateritite, implying a rock the individual constituents of which are pieces of laterite. This term would be of great utility, and could be applied to all detrital and reconstructed lateritic rocks. The word is put forward here merely as a suggestion, but if geologists were to distinguish, in writing, between laterite, lateritoid, and lateritite, great clarity could be introduced into the literature of these substances.

scholarly journals Correlations between microsatellite instability and the biological behaviour of tumours

2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. 2891-2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Ru-yi Zheng ◽  
Zai-shun Jin
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Frameshift Peptides

Abstract Purpose Microsatellites are widely distributed repetitive DNA motifs, accounting for approximately 3% of the genome. Due to mismatch repair system deficiency, insertion or deletion of repetitive units often occurs, leading to microsatellite instability. In this review, we aimed to explore the relationship between MSI and biological behaviour of colorectal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, lymphoma/leukaemia and endometrial carcinoma, as well as the application of frameshift peptide vaccines in cancer therapy. Methods The relevant literature from PubMed and Baidu Xueshu were reviewed in this article. The ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for clinical trials related to the specific topic. Results Microsatellite instability is divided into three subtypes: high-level, low-level microsatellite instability, and stable microsatellites. The majority of tumour patients with high-level microsatellite instability often show a better efficacy and prognosis than those with low-level microsatellite instability or stable microsatellites. In coding regions, especially for genes involved in tumourigenesis, microsatellite instability often results in inactivation of proteins and contributes to tumourigenesis. Moreover, the occurrence of microsatellite instability in coding regions can also cause the generation of frameshift peptides that are thought to be unknown and novel to the individual immune system. Thus, these frameshift peptides have the potential to be biomarkers to raise tumour-specific immune responses. Conclusion MSI has the potential to become a key predictor for evaluating the degree of malignancy, efficacy and prognosis of tumours. Clinically, MSI patterns will provide more valuable information for clinicians to create optimal individualized treatment strategies based on frameshift peptides vaccines.

Production and fish identification of wheat- Aegilops biuncialis addition lines and their use for the selection of U and M genome-specific molecular (SSR) markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schneider ◽  
I. Molnár ◽  
M. Molnár-Láng
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Exact Identification ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
M Genome ◽  
Selection Of

One way of incorporating useful traits from Aegilops biuncialis (2n=4x=28, U b U b M b M b ) into wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) is to develop first addition then translocation lines. The 2M b , 3M b , 7M b , 3U b , 5U b and 5U b /6U b wheat- Ae. biuncialis addition lines were produced in Martonvásár. To facilitate the exact identification of the addition lines, it was necessary to analyse the fluorescence in situ hybridisation patterns of the parental wheat genotype, Ae. biuncialis and its diploid progenitors ( Ae. umbellulata 2n=2x=14, UU and Ae. comosa 2n=2x=14, MM). The great genetic variability of the Aegilops species causes polymorphism in the fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) patterns of the individual chromosomes. Due to the high level of FISH polymorphism, it is advisable to confirm the identification of the Ae. biuncialis chromosomes with the help of molecular (microsatellite, SSR) markers, so 119 wheat SSR markers were tested on Aegilops biuncialis , on Ae. geniculata (2n=4x=28, U g U g M g M g ), on five wheat- Ae. biuncialis addition lines (2M b , 3M b , 7M b , 3U b , 5U b ) and on an addition series of wheat- Ae. geniculata in order to select SSR markers specific to the U and M genomes of Ae. biuncialis and Ae. geniculata .

Low-level copy gain versus amplification of myc oncogenes in medulloblastoma: utility in predicting prognosis and survival

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehiro Takei ◽  
Yummy Nguyen ◽  
Vidya Mehta ◽  
Murali Chintagumpala ◽  
Robert C. Dauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Histological Subtype ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
High Level

Object Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant embryonal tumor of the cerebellum. Amplification of c-myc or N-myc is infrequently identified and, when present, is often associated with the large cell/anaplastic (LC/A) phenotype. The frequency of low-level copy gain of myc oncogenes and its relationship to prognosis of MB has not been explored. Methods Archival cases of MB were histologically reviewed and classified into 3 major subtypes: classic, nodular, and LC/A. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the authors analyzed 58 cases with a pure histological subtype for the copy number (CN) of myc (c-myc and N-myc) oncogenes. Cases with > 5-fold CN were further analyzed using the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. Results A > 5-fold myc CN was noted in 5 (20.8%) of 24 LC/A, 1 (5.3%) of 19 classic, and 2 (13.3%) of 15 nodular subtypes. In a significant number of tumors (14 [56%] of 24 LC/A, 13 [68%] of 19 classic, and 10 [67%] of 15 nodular MBs) the CN was > 2-fold but < 5-fold. High-level amplification, defined as > 10-fold CN, was only seen in the LC/A subtype (5 cases), although moderate amplification (> 5-fold but < 10-fold) could be detected in other histological subtypes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization readily detected most cases corresponding to tumors with > 5-fold amplicon CN by quantitative real-time PCR, and could detect all 5 cases with > 10-fold CN by quantitative real-time PCR. The group of patients with > 5-fold myc amplicon CN showed significantly shorter survival than those with < 5-fold CN (p = 0.045), independent of histological subtype. Conclusions Since FISH could easily detect most cases in the moderate-to-high myc gene amplification (> 5-fold CN) group, the FISH assay has utility in detecting subsets of MB with poorer prognosis.

scholarly journals Competency to Sort Information and Selectively React To This Information as a Function of Cognitive Style

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Ahmed Ghaleb Saeed ◽  
Dr. M. K. Tajne
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Inferential Statistics ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Word Test ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the competency of the individual to sort information from his or her environment and selectively react to this information is influenced by such important variables as cognitive style. For the investigation Purposive randomized sampling technique will be employed to select the adults. Effective sample will be consist of 240 adult, in which 120 adults will be male, and another 120 adults will be female, male adults and female adults will equally classify in urban and rural, again both group from male adults (urban and rural) and female adults (urban and rural) will equally classify in high level of cognitive style and low level of cognitive style. To determine Pattern of cognitive style, Cognitive Style inventory (CSI) developed by Dr. Praveen Kumar Jha, will be used, and To determine competency of the individual to separate the word and colour naming stimuli Stroop Colour and Word test standardized by Charles J. Golden will be use. For the each subject, initially data of each group will be separately scrutinized by employing descriptive statistics i.e. mean and S.D. The statistical analysis will be mainly consisted of inferential statistics i.e. Two Way ANOVA with the help of SPSS. Outcome of result shows that the Competency to sort information and selectively react to this information as a Function of cognitive style.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL-PHENOMENOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGRESSIVENESS AND HOSTILE REACTIONS IN THE COMMAND WAREHOUSE OF THE COMMERCIAL AND PASSENGER NAVY

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
K.A. Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Occupational Stressors ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

During 2016-2019, 110 members of the command staff of the Merchant Navy (KTF) and 70 commanders of the passenger fleet (KPF) were surveyed. The study included the use of clinical and psychopathological, psychodiagnostic and statistical methods. The purpose of the work is to provide structural and phenomenological characteristics of aggression and hostile reactions in the command staff of the merchant and passenger navy, as a destructive response of the individual to excessive occupational stressors, depending on the specifics of their professional activities. Design, contingent and research methods. KTF are characterized by a higher intensity of manifestations of aggression, which are expressed in them at the level of increased values, and have a higher number of people with a high level of their severity, compared with KPF, which show a medium intensity of manifestations and a higher number of people with a low level of aggressive manifestations. This is due to an increase in such components of aggression as irritation and verbal aggression, against the background of average susceptibility to physical aggression. The vast majority of commanders of both types of navy show hostility reactions of increased severity, although among the CPF the number of people with an average level is higher than among the CTF. This indicates the presence of a destructive vector of affective-behavioral response in this contingent. This is partly due to the increased sense of guilt, which is observed both in the sample as a whole and in a larger number of KPF, compared with KTF. The obtained data should be taken into account when developing specific measures of psychotherapy and psychoprophylaxis for this contingent, which is the perspective of this study.

scholarly journals Associations of the Big Five and locus of control with problem gambling in a large Australian sample

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253046
Author(s):  
Juliane M. von der Heiden ◽  
Boris Egloff
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Gambling may range from being a recreational leisure activity to a behavioral addiction. A rising number of gamblers experience adverse consequences from gambling, termed problem gambling, which may become a challenge for the individual and society. With the present research, we aimed to investigate the correlates of problem gambling. We used a large sample of more than 12,500 individuals (46% male, Mage = 48, SDage = 18) from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey and analyzed sociodemographic and personality variables (Big Five, locus of control) as well as the extent of problem gambling. Findings showed that male sex and a lower level of education were related to problem gambling, but personality traits were predictive of problem gambling over and above sociodemographic variables. Specifically, a low level of emotional stability, an external locus of control, and, to a lesser extent, a low level of conscientiousness and a high level of extraversion were predictive of problem gambling, whereas openness and agreeableness were not. These results remained constant across various robustness analyses. Our findings reveal the importance of including personality traits when explaining gambling behavior.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF STUDENTS’ PROCRASTINATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Vira Dub
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Academic Procrastination ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Abstract. The article carries out a theoretical and methodological analysis of the phenomenon of procrastination. In psychology, procrastination is understood as a constant postponement and non-fulfillment of planned tasks. It is different from a simple correction of plans or laziness. A person is well aware that non-fulfillment of certain cases can have negative consequences (non-fulfillment at all, late execution, excessive extra effort for deadlines, condemnation of relatives, lack of sleep), however. Again and again a person postpones it. That is why procrastination is often accompanied by various negative emotional states: guilt, anxiety, discomfort, a sense of inability to control the situation. Procrastination is usually manifested in activities, the result of which is very important for the individual. Students have all kinds of procrastination, but academic procrastination is the most common. Most often studentsʼs procrastination occurs in situations that involve intellectual stress, require self-organization and activity planning, with deferred remuneration, not sufficiently motivated. The classic of academic procrastination is to prepare for the exam on the last day, to write a term paper the day before the defense, or even to write it at night. Chronic procrastination is characteristic of students who have chosen the wrong specialty and the wrong educational institution, so they study without interest and try to complete educational tasks on the last day. In addition, such students show an inability to organize their activities, forgetfulness, general behavioral rigidity. There are the factors that cause procrastination in the studentʼs environment. They are psychological, socio-psychological, pedagogical and psychophysiological factors. An empirical study has shown that procrastination is common to all students, but manifests in varies degrees. There are some causes of procrastination that the students indicated. They are inability to plan, lack of time, lack of motivation, fatigue, health, too many tasks, uninteresting tasks, lack of willpower, the presence of other important tasks. It should be said that both groups with a low level of procrastination and with a high level of procrastination there are students who have a positive attitude to procrastination. They see the benefit of procrastination, explaining that they have time to have a rest, time to find more effective way to achieve a desired result, thus considering procrastination a natural state of reduced activity. In the group of students with a low level of procrastination the success rate is higher than in the groups of students with medium and high levels of procrastination. In the group of students with a low level of procrastination there is a high overall ability to self-regulate. High self-regulation of laziness is a characteristic of students with low levels of procrastination.

scholarly journals Connectivity between the psychological boundaries of the individual with emotional intelligence and self-relationship in adolescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-62
Author(s):  
A.V. Degtyarev ◽  
D.I. Degtyareva
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Legal Psychology ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree

In this paper, the results of an empirical study are presented, the main tasks of which were the identification, description and interpretation of significant (significance level p = 0,05) correlation links between the features of psychological boundaries, emotional intelligence and self-relationship in adolescence. The sample consisted of 50 students of different courses studying at the Faculty of Legal Psychology of the Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University. The main hypothesis is the assumption of the existence of significant connections between the various functions of psychological boundaries, the characteristics of emotional intelligence, self-relationship and, in general, the individual psychological characteristics of the individual. In the course of the study, a large number of positive and negative connections were obtained. In general, it can be said that young men, who have a high level of psychological boundary, have a higher level of emotional intelligence, while young men with a low level of psychological boundaries have a low level of emotional intelligence, as well as a tendency to increase personal anxiety and a high degree of self-blame.

scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕМОЦІЙНОЇ СФЕРИ СТУДЕНТІВ ТЕХНІЧНОГО ЗВО З РІЗНИМ РІВНЕМ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ЗРІЛОСТІ

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Н. Л. Калайтан ◽  
А. О. Макаренко ◽  
Т. П. Старовойт
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
General Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Reactive Anxiety ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Maturity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The article is devoted to the problem of psychological maturity of the individual. The basic theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of maturity of the person are considered.The concept of «maturity» correlates with the study of existential aspects of human life and is considered from the point of view of its significance for society. In the course of ontogeny, maturity acts as a criterion and a condition for the successful development of various social roles, statuses, biological and socially determined functions. Psychological maturity is defined in the narrow sense as an indicator of the work of sensory, mnemonic and intellectual functions of a person; in the broad sense – as a period of conscious regulation by a person of his own behavior, which involves the realization of man as a person.There are two main approaches to understanding the structure of psychological maturity of the individual. According to the first approach, the concept of mature personality can be described by such properties as synergy, autonomy, responsibility, contact, self-acceptance, decentralization, tolerance, depth of experiences, life philosophy and creativity. According to the second approach, the structural model of the person’s psychological maturity, which consists of cognitive, motivational and behavioral components, is considered. Formation of conditions for psychological maturity is an important task for mental development in youth.The article presents the results of studying the features of emotional sphere of students with different levels of psychological maturity. In the group of boys and girls with a high level of psychological maturity, emotional profiles dominated the emotions of interest and joy. Moderate levels of personal anxiety and reactive anxiety were diagnosed. Indicators of aggressiveness and hostility are slightly higher than average values. The dominant man infestation of aggression is a verbal form. Sufficient development of emotional intelligence for students with a high level of psychological maturity is revealed.In boys and girls with a low level of psychological maturity, the main emotions were interest, joy and shame. High levels of personal anxiety and reactive anxiety are revealed, as well as the general level of aggressiveness. The results of the study of emotional intelligence indicate low values for all scales, which in sum form the low integrative values.At a high level of psychological maturity, boys and girls are characterized by a higher level of cognitive activity, emotional stability, and developed emotional intelligence. On the contrary, boys and girls with a low level of psychological maturity are more likely to prevail in the emotional profile of negative emotional experiences, anxiety, negativism and self-inducing reactions.

scholarly journals READINESS OF FRONTIER CADETS FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Oleg Shynkaruk
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Difficult Situations ◽  
Cooperation Support

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental study of the readiness of frontier cadets for social interaction in the conditions of future professional activity. The relevance and scientific and practical significance of the study are outlined. The essence of social interaction of personality and readiness of personality to it is analyzed. The components, indicators of readiness of the individual for social interaction are distinguished. It offers methods and techniques for its research. The results of the ascertaining experiment of studying a number of indicators of readiness of groups of border cadets, which have its high and low level of formation, are presented. Characterization of their differences using methods of mathematical statistics is conducted. Future border guards with a high level of readiness for social interaction are more confident, correct, prone to compromise, cooperation, support of others in difficult situations. Students with a low level of readiness for social interaction can be characterized as inclined to dominate, emotionally not restrained, aggressive. The connection of readiness of cadets for social interaction with their communicative qualities and properties is established: communicative tolerance; sociability and affiliation.

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