Sensitivity and Specificity of Bedside Screening Tests for Detection of Aspiration in Patients Admitted to a Public Rehabilitation Hospital

Dysphagia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Castro Velasco ◽  
Rui Imamura ◽  
Ana Paula Valeriano Rêgo ◽  
Priscilla Rabelo Alves ◽  
Lorena Pacheco da Silva Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Rehabilitation Hospital ◽  
Public Rehabilitation

scholarly journals Sensitivity and specificity of the Bamberg Dementia Screening Test’s (BDST) full and short versions: brief screening instruments for geriatric patients that are suitable for infectious environments

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Trapp ◽  
Susanne Röder ◽  
Andreas Heid ◽  
Pia Billman ◽  
Susanne Daiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Diagnostic Quality ◽  
Dementia Screening ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia

Abstract Background Currently, many patients suffering from dementia do not have a diagnosis when admitted to geriatric hospitals. This is the case despite an increased risk of complications affecting the length of stay and outcome. Unfortunately, many dementia screening tests cannot be used on geriatric inpatients, who are often bedridden. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of a small battery of bedside tasks that require minimal vision and fine motor skills in patients with suspected dementia. Methods In this prospective study, the Bamberg Dementia Screening Test (BDST) was administered to a consecutive series of 1295 patients referred for neuropsychological testing. The diagnosis of dementia was confirmed in 1159 and excluded in 136 patients. Sensitivity and specificity for the first subtest (ultra-short form), the first two subtests (short form), and the total score of the BDST were obtained via receiver operating characteristic curves and compared with the sensitivity and specificity values of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Results The overall diagnostic quality of the BDST was superior to the MMSE for mild Alzheimer’s dementia (sensitivity and specificity = .94 (95% CI .92 to .96) and .82 (95% CI .75 to .88) vs. .79 (95% CI .76 to .83) and .88 (95% CI .82 to .93)) as well as for other subtypes of mild dementia (sensitivity and specificity = .91 (95% CI .88 to .94) and .82 (95% CI .75 to .88) vs. .72 (95% CI .67 to .76) and .88 (95% CI .82 to .93)). Even the short form of the BDST was comparable to the MMSE regarding sensitivity and specificity. For moderate dementia, it was possible to identify dementia cases with sufficient and excellent diagnostic quality by using the ultra-short and the short form. Conclusions The BDST is able to detect dementia in geriatric hospital settings. If the adaptive algorithm is used, administration time can be reduced to less than 2 min in most cases. Because no test materials have to be exchanged, this test is particularly suitable for infectious environments where contact between the examiner and the person being tested should be minimized.

scholarly journals A Contemporary Machine Learning Method for Accurate Prediction of Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Jesse Jeremiah Tanimu ◽  
Mohamed Hamada ◽  
Mohammed Hassan ◽  
Saratu Yusuf Ilu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Tree Classifier

With the advent of new technologies in the medical field, huge amounts of cancerous data have been collected and are readily accessible to the medical research community. Over the years, researchers have employed advanced data mining and machine learning techniques to develop better models that can analyze datasets to extract the conceived patterns, ideas, and hidden knowledge. The mined information can be used as a support in decision making for diagnostic processes. These techniques, while being able to predict future outcomes of certain diseases effectively, can discover and identify patterns and relationships between them from complex datasets. In this research, a predictive model for predicting the outcome of patients’ cervical cancer results has been developed, given risk patterns from individual medical records and preliminary screening tests. This work presents a Decision tree (DT) classification algorithm and shows the advantage of feature selection approaches in the prediction of cervical cancer using recursive feature elimination technique for dimensionality reduction for improving the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model. The dataset employed here suffers from missing values and is highly imbalanced. Therefore, a combination of under and oversampling techniques called SMOTETomek was employed. A comparative analysis of the proposed model has been performed to show the effectiveness of feature selection and class imbalance based on the classifier’s accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The DT with the selected features and SMOTETomek has better results with an accuracy of 98%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 97%. Decision Tree classifier is shown to have excellent performance in handling classification assignment when the features are reduced, and the problem of imbalance class is addressed.

scholarly journals Set theoretic approach to the concept of net sensitivity and net specificity in screening test results

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bansi Badan Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Himadri Bhattacharjya
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Test Results

Net sensitivity and net specificity have been reviewed from set theoretic approach. With a basic knowledge of set theory one can estimate the net sensitivity and specificity in an easy way in both sequential and simultaneous screening tests. Union, intersection and complementary operations of set theory have been adopted to find out the solutions. 

An Evaluation of Impedance Plethysmography and 125I-Fibrinogen Leg Scanning in Patients following Hip Surgery

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 830-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Cruickshank ◽  
M N Levine ◽  
J Hirsh ◽  
A G G Turpie ◽  
P Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Impedance Plethysmography ◽  
Hip Surgery ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Combined Use

SummaryVenous thromboembolism is a common post-operative complication in patients following hip surgery. 125I-fibrinogen leg scanning and impedance plethysmography (IPG), are often used in the detection of venous thrombi in such patients. Information on the sensitivity and specificity of these non-invasive tests for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis following hip surgery is relevant for both patient management and for choosing the appropriate outcome measure for clinical trials evaluating new prophylactic regimens.We determined the sensitivity and specificity of the IPG alone, the 125I-fibrinogen leg scan alone, as well as the combined use of the two tests from a retrospective analysis of 685 hip surgery patients who participated in clinical trials of anti-thrombotic prophylaxis. These patients were followed prospectively with non-invasive tests. Bilateral venography was attempted either when one or both screening tests became positive or on day 10-14 post-operatively if both screening tests remained negative. Adequate venography was obtained in 1,010 (73.7%) legs and thrombi were identified in 198 (19.6%) legs.The sensitivities of the IPG and leg scanning were 12.9% and 44.6% respectively; the corresponding specificities were 98.1% and 95.0%. The sensitivity of a positive result on one or both screening tests was 49.6% with a specificity of 93.9%.Therefore, leg scanning and IPG, even in combination, are not sufficiently accurate to be recommended as the only strategy for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis following hip surgery. Venography should be considered in all patients undergoing surveillance testing either when one or both of the screening tests become positive or on day 10-14 if the screening tests remain negative.

Evaluation of a sensitive blood test for the detection of colorectal advanced adenomas in a prospective cohort using a multiomics approach.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
Jimmy Lin ◽  
Eric Ariazi ◽  
Michael Dzamba ◽  
Teng-Kuei Hsu ◽  
Steven Kothen-Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Advanced Adenomas ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Limited Sensitivity

43 Background: Blood-based screening tests for colorectal cancer (CRC) with high sensitivity and specificity are needed to improve adherence, facilitate early detection, and ultimately reduce mortality from CRC. Current stool-based tests have a sensitivity of 24-42% for colorectal advanced adenomas (AAs), while blood tests that rely on tumor-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation signatures have shown limited sensitivity for AAs. Here we demonstrate the ability to detect AAs from blood using a multiomics test that incorporates both tumor- and immune-derived signatures, and compare it to the performance of a cfDNA methylation-only test. Methods: Participants enrolled in a prospective study (NCT03688906) were included in this analysis. The multiomics test includes signatures for cell-free nucleic acids based on next-generation sequencing, and for plasma proteins based on high-throughput multiplexed assays. Signatures are integrated computationally with a combination of convolutional neural networks and regularized logistic regression. We compared the multiomics test with one based on cfDNA methylation only. Results: This sub-study included 542 participants (AA: n = 122; colonoscopy-confirmed negative controls: n = 420). Participants with AA were 56% male with a mean age of 63 years, and colonoscopy-confirmed negative controls were 54% male with a mean age of 61 years. The multiomics test achieved a sensitivity of 41% (n = 50/122, 95% CI 34-48%) at 90% specificity (377/420). By contrast, the cfDNA methylation-only test achieved a sensitivity of 20% (24/122, 95% CI 15-25%) at 91% specificity (383/420). Performance was also analyzed by histological subtype and location, and superiority of the multiomics test to the cfDNA-methylation-only test was consistently observed. Conclusions: A novel multiomics blood test can detect colorectal AAs at a sensitivity and specificity comparable to existing stool-based tests. Combining signatures from both tumor- and immune-derived sources resulted in AA sensitivity greater than that of cfDNA-methylation alone.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ELISA and haemagglutination inhibition as screening tests in serosurveillance for H5/H7 avian influenza in commercial chicken flocks

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Arnold ◽  
M. J. Slomka ◽  
A. C. Breed ◽  
C. K. Hjulsager ◽  
S. Pritz-Verschuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Serological Surveillance

AbstractAvian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H7 can infect poultry causing low pathogenicity (LP) AI, but these LPAIVs may mutate to highly pathogenic AIV in chickens or turkeys causing high mortality, hence H5/H7 subtypes demand statutory intervention. Serological surveillance in the European Union provides evidence of H5/H7 AIV exposure in apparently healthy poultry. To identify the most sensitive screening method as the first step in an algorithm to provide evidence of H5/H7 AIV infection, the standard approach of H5/H7 antibody testing by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) was compared with an ELISA, which detects antibodies to all subtypes. Sera (n= 1055) from 74 commercial chicken flocks were tested by both methods. A Bayesian approach served to estimate diagnostic test sensitivities and specificities, without assuming any ‘gold standard’. Sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA was 97% and 99.8%, and for H5/H7 HI 43% and 99.8%, respectively, although H5/H7 HI sensitivity varied considerably between infected flocks. ELISA therefore provides superior sensitivity for the screening of chicken flocks as part of an algorithm, which subsequently utilises H5/H7 HI to identify infection by these two subtypes. With the calculated sensitivity and specificity, testing nine sera per flock is sufficient to detect a flock seroprevalence of 30% with 95% probability.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Syphilis and associated factors in homeless people of Sao Paulo, Brazil, using a Rapid Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdir Monteiro Pinto ◽  
Mariza Vono Tancredi ◽  
Herculano Duarte Ramos De Alencar ◽  
Elisabeth Camolesi ◽  
Márcia Moreira Holcman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Prior History ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: Homeless people are a vulnerable group to sexually transmitted diseases (STD) with high prevalence of syphilis and hepatitis. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of syphilis infection and its association with risky behaviors for STDs in a sample of homeless people, and to assess the feasibility of the use of rapid syphilis test (RST) in this population. Methods: Cross-sectional study, in a convenience sample of homeless people assisted in social support services of São Paulo, between 2006 and 2007. A structured questionnaire was applied and RST was performed. In addition, a blood sample for syphilis detection was also collected. The sensitivity and specificity of the RST was estimated using conventional laboratory diagnosis (VDRL + TPHA) as reference. Results: 1,405 volunteers were included in the study. The prevalence rate of syphilis was 7.0%, and was associated with homosexual practices (ORadj 4.9; 95%CI 2.6 - 9.4), prior history of STD (ORadj 2.6; 95%CI 1.7 - 4.0) and with self-referred non-white race (ORadj 1.9; 95%CI 1.1 - 3.4). The sensitivity and specificity of the RST for syphilis were, respectively, 81.4 and 92.1%. Conclusion: The high prevalence of syphilis infection among homeless people shows the need for actions for its control and the utilization of RST that can be considered an efficient strategy due to its sensitivity and specificity. Public Health policymakers must strengthen actions for syphilis control, with screening tests for syphilis and early treatment, decreasing morbidity with the improvement of sexual and reproductive health of the population in general and especially the most vulnerable.

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