History of antimicrobial use and the risk of Dientamoeba fragilis infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Röser ◽  
J. Simonsen ◽  
H. V. Nielsen ◽  
C. R. Stensvold ◽  
K. Mølbak
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Comparison of Defined Course Doses (DCDvet) for Blanket and Selective Antimicrobial Dry Cow Therapy on Conventional and Organic Farms

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clair Firth ◽  
Annemarie Käsbohrer ◽  
Christa Egger-Danner ◽  
Klemens Fuchs ◽  
Beate Pinior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Dry Cow Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Antimicrobial use in livestock production is a controversial subject. While antimicrobials should be used as little as possible, it is still necessary, from both an animal health and welfare point of view, to treat infected animals. The study presented here aimed to analyse antimicrobial use on Austrian dairy farms by calculating the number of Defined Course Doses (DCDvet) administered per cow and year for dry cow therapy. Antimicrobial use was analysed by production system and whether farmers stated that they used blanket dry cow therapy (i.e., all cows in the herd were treated) or selective dry cow therapy (i.e., only cows with a positive bacteriological culture or current/recent history of udder disease were treated). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was determined between antimicrobial use for blanket (median DCDvet/cow/year: 0.88) and selective dry cow therapy (median DCDvet/cow/year: 0.41). The difference between antimicrobial use on conventional and organic farms for dry cow therapy as a whole, however, was not statistically significant (p = 0.22) (median DCDvet/cow/year: 0.68 for conventional; 0.53 for organic farms). This analysis demonstrates that selective dry cow therapy leads to a lower overall use of antimicrobials and can assist in a more prudent use of antimicrobials on dairy farms.

scholarly journals 436. Skin and Soft-tissue Infections Are a Common Reason for Potentially Inappropriate Antimicrobial Use among Inpatients in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S216-S217
Author(s):  
Tianchen Sheng ◽  
Gaya B Wijayaratne ◽  
Thushani M Dabrera ◽  
Ajith Nagahawatte ◽  
Champica K Bodinayake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Point Prevalence Study ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI) are a common reason for antimicrobial use in the outpatient and inpatient settings. Inappropriate antimicrobial use for SSTI is common. We determined the prevalence of SSTI and associated inappropriate antimicrobial use among inpatients in Sri Lanka. Methods A point-prevalence study of antimicrobial use was conducted using one-day cross-sectional surveys at five public hospitals in Southern Province, Sri Lanka from Jun-August 2017. Inpatients’ medical records were reviewed for clinical data including antimicrobials prescribed. Inappropriate antimicrobial use was identified as (1) antimicrobial use discordant with guidelines by the Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists (SLCM), and (2) redundant combinations of antimicrobials. Results Of 1,709 surveyed patients, 935 (54.7%) received antimicrobials, of whom 779 (83.3%) had a specified or inferred indication for antimicrobial use. Among patients with an indication for antimicrobial use, SSTI was the second leading indication (181 patients, 23.2%) after lower respiratory tract infection (194, 24.9%). One-third (62, 34.2%) of patients with SSTI had a history of diabetes. Commonly used antimicrobials for SSTI included amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (40.3%), extended-spectrum penicillins (24.9%), and metronidazole (22.1%). inappropriate antimicrobial use was observed in 53.0% of SSTI patients, with redundant antibiotic therapy in 35.9% and antimicrobials discordant with SLCM guidelines in 32.6%. Conclusion SSTI was a common reason for antimicrobial use among inpatients in Sri Lanka, with more than half of patients receiving potentially inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. We identified targets for future antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Relationships between livestock grazing practices, disease risk, and antimicrobial use among East African Agropastoralists

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haseeb Ahmed ◽  
Douglas R. Call ◽  
Robert J. Quinlan ◽  
Jonathan K. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
East African ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
History Of ◽  
Livestock Health

AbstractLivestock health is economically important for agropastoral households whose wealth is held partly as livestock. Households can invest in disease prevention and treatment, but livestock disease risk is also affected by grazing practices that result in inter-herd contact and disease transmission in regions with endemic communicable diseases. This paper examines the relationships between communal grazing and antimicrobial use in Maasai, Chagga and Arusha households in northern Tanzania. We develop a theoretical model of the economic connection between communal grazing, disease transmission risk, risk perceptions, and antimicrobial use, and derive testable hypotheses about these connections. Regression results suggest that history of disease and communal grazing are associated with higher subjective disease risk and greater antimicrobial use. We discuss the implications of these results in light of the potential for relatively high inter-herd disease transmission rates among communal grazers and potential contributions to antimicrobial resistance due to antimicrobial use.

scholarly journals Dientamoeba fragilis, a Commensal in Children in Danish Day Care Centers

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1707-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pikka Jokelainen ◽  
Betina Hebbelstrup Jensen ◽  
Bente Utoft Andreassen ◽  
Andreas Munk Petersen ◽  
Dennis Röser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Travel Abroad

ABSTRACT Dientamoeba fragilis is an intestinal protozoan of debated clinical significance. Here, we present cross-sectional and longitudinal observations on D. fragilis in children aged 0 to 6 years from a 1-year multi-day-care-center cohort study set in Copenhagen, Denmark. The inclusion period for the cohort was 2009 through 2012. Stool samples collected from the children were accompanied by questionnaires completed by the parents or guardians of the children. Using real-time PCR, D. fragilis was detected in the first stool sample from 97 of 142 (68.3%) children. We evaluated the associations between seven plausible risk factors (age, sex, having siblings, having domestic animals at home, having had infant colic, recent history of intake of antibiotics, and recent history of travel abroad) as well as six reported symptoms (lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea) and testing positive for D. fragilis . The final multivariable model identified being >3 years old and having a history of recent travel abroad as risk factors for testing positive for D. fragilis . Moreover, univariable analyses indicated that having siblings was a risk factor. There was no statistical association between a recent history of gastrointestinal symptoms and testing positive for D. fragilis . Among the 108 children who were represented by ≥2 samples and thus included in the longitudinal analysis, 32 tested negative on the first sample and positive later, and the last sample from each of the 108 children was positive. The results are in support of D. fragilis being a common enteric commensal in this population.

Researches on the intestinal protozoa of monkeys and man

Parasitology ◽  
1940 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Dobell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Binary Fission ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Human Faeces ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nematode Worm

1. The morphology and life-history of Dientamoeba fragilis, as observable in cultures, are described and illustrated, and the stages correlated with those commonly found in human faeces.2. The nuclear structure especially is reinterpreted, and nuclear and cytoplasmic division are described in detail.3. It is shown that the “normal” binucleate condition of this “amoeba” represents an arrested telophase stage of mitosis—the “granules” in the nuclei being really chromosomes (constant in number), and the strand connecting the nuclei being a persistent centrodesmus. The chromosome number is probably 6 (certainly not 4).4. Binary fission is the only method of reproduction hitherto observed: no cysts or other stages in the life-history have been discovered.5. Attempts to transmit D. fragilis to a man and 2 macaques (M. rhesus and M. sinicus) by administration of trophic amoebae per os—and in the case of M. rhesus inoculation per anum—were unsuccessful. It was also found impossible to infect chickens permanently by injection per anum (though one chick acquired an infection lasting for a week).6. Consideration of its cytology and development leads to the conclusion that D. fragilis is not a true amoeba but an aberrant flagellate closely related to Histomonas. No flagellate stages, however, have yet been discovered.7. Some consequences of this conclusion are briefly discussed, and hopeful directions for further inquiries are indicated.8. On analogy with Histomonas, it is suggested that D. fragilis may be conveyed from man to man not by direct oral infection with trophic forms but in the ova of a nematode worm—possibly Trichuris (or Ascaris?).

scholarly journals Risk factors for cefotaxime resistance in children with pneumonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Made Sucipta ◽  
Ida Bagus Subanada ◽  
Samik Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Control Study

Background Pneumonia is a health problem in developingcountries, often caused by bacterial agents. The 'Widespreaduse of cefotaxime, a third􀁒generation of cephalosporin, may leadto increased incidence of resistance to this antibiotic. Severalstudies have reported on risk factors associated v.ith resistanceto cefotaxime.Objective To identify risk factors for cefotaxime resistance inchildren 'With pneumonia.Methods We performed a case􀁒control study at Sanglah Hospitalbetween January 2006􀁒December 2010. The case group includedchildren with blood culture􀁒positive pneumonia and resistanceto cefotaxime by sensitivity test. The control group was selectedfrom the same population as the case group, but the bacteriaisolated from these subjects were sensitive to cefotaxime. Wetested the folloMng risk factors for resistance to cefotaxime:age :53 years, microorganism species, history of antimicrobialuse, and history of hospitalization within the prior 3 months.Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were performedto determine any associations between the four potential riskfactors and resistance to cefotaxime. A P<0.05 was consideredto be statistically significant.Results Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors forresistance to cefotaxime were history of antimicrobial use in theprior 3 months (OR 2.79; 95%CI 1.40 to 5.55; P􀁓O.OOI) andhistory of hospitalization Mthin the prior 3 months (OR 5.57;95%CI 1.95 to 15.87; P=<O.OOOl). By multivariate analysis,risk factors associated Mth resistance to cefotaxime were historyof antimicrobial use in the prior 3 months (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.18to 4.86; P=0.015), history of hospitalization within the prior 3months (OR 4.7; 95%CI 1.62 to 13.85; P􀁓0.004), and historyof breast feeding for less than 2 months (OR 2.3; 95%CI 1.0 to5.4; P􀁓0.042).Conclusion History of antimicrobial use and history ofhospitalization within the prior 3 monthsweresignificantrisk factors for resistance to cefotaxime in children Mth pneumonia.[Paediatr Indanes. 2012;52:255-9].

scholarly journals 1014. Decreasing Antimicrobial Use by 25% via Submission to NHSN-AUR Module

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S356-S357
Author(s):  
Zahra Kassamali ◽  
Meg J Kilcup ◽  
Brian J Werth
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Core Element ◽  
State Hospitals ◽  
National Healthcare Safety Network ◽  
Health Association ◽  
History Of ◽  
Median Rate

Abstract Background Tracking antimicrobial data are a core element of antimicrobial stewardship programs. Since 2014, the Washington State Health Association (WSHA) has tracked antimicrobial use (AU) to address and reduce C. difficile infections statewide. In 2016, WA state began promoting the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) tool to upload hospital AU. Both track days of antimicrobial therapy (DOT) but WSHA uses patient-days as the denominator while NHSN uses days-present. Each measure accounts for hospital length of stay but the latter is affected by unit transfers and the former is not. Methods Observational review of AU data submitted to NHSN and to WSHA in a 2-year period. Sixteen antibiotics selected by WSHA were reviewed and organized into 5 groups: broad-spectrum penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and clindamycin. Data from a single center were used to compare results between each AU tracker. AU and days-present were obtained from the electronic medical record. Patient-days were obtained from the hospital quality department. The primary outcome was a difference in AU per WSHA vs. NHSN. Results Between January 2017 to December 2018, the median rate of antimicrobial use was 279 days per 1000 patient-days and 201 days per 1000 days-present. The median difference in total AU reported was 25% less using NHSN vs. WSHA and ranged from 18% - 31%. Conclusion Switching from patient-days to days-present decreased the reported rate of AU by 25%. In WA state, hospitals have nonuniformly adopted submitting antimicrobial use data to the NHSN. Until all hospitals submit their data via NHSN, both individual institutions and the state will have to contend with mismatched data. An interim solution may be to collect monthly patient-days and days-present from all hospitals and adjust the data before comparing AU among institutions. For institutions with a long history of tracking antimicrobial use, this change in denominator and resulting impact on AU represents a barrier to using the NHSN AU module. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Farm-to-fork characterization of Escherichia coli associated with feedlot cattle with a known history of antimicrobial use

2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W. Alexander ◽  
G.D. Inglis ◽  
L.J. Yanke ◽  
E. Topp ◽  
R.R. Read ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
History Of

Risk factors for community-associatedStaphylococcus aureusinfections: results from parallel studies including methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitiveS. aureuscompared to uninfected controls

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. COMO-SABETTI ◽  
K. H. HARRIMAN ◽  
S. K. FRIDKIN ◽  
S. L. JAWAHIR ◽  
R. LYNFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
Parallel Case

SUMMARYDespite the increasing burden of community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) infections, the risk factors are not well understood. We conducted a hypothesis-generating study using three parallel case-control studies to identify risk factors for CA-MRSA and community-associated methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(CA-MSSA) infections. In the multivariate model, antimicrobial use in the 1–6 months prior to culture was associated with CA-MRSA infection compared to CA-MSSA [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1·7,P=0·07] cases. Antimicrobial use 1–6 months prior to culture (aOR 1·8,P=0·04), history of boils (aOR 1·6,P=0·03), and having a household member who was a smoker (aOR 1·3,P=0·05) were associated with CA-MRSA compared to uninfected community controls. The finding of an increased risk of CA-MRSA infection associated with prior antimicrobial use highlights the importance of careful antimicrobial stewardship.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document