scholarly journals Brains in space: the importance of understanding the impact of long-duration spaceflight on spatial cognition and its neural circuitry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Stahn ◽  
Simone Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
New Era ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFifty years after the first humans stepped on the Moon, space faring nations have entered a new era of space exploration. NASA’s reference mission to Mars is expected to comprise 1100 days. Deep space exploratory class missions could even span decades. They will be the most challenging and dangerous expeditions in the history of human spaceflight and will expose crew members to unprecedented health and performance risks. The development of adverse cognitive or behavioral conditions and psychiatric disorders during those missions is considered a critical and unmitigated risk factor. Here, we argue that spatial cognition, i.e., the ability to encode representations about self-to-object relations and integrate this information into a spatial map of the environment, and their neural bases will be highly vulnerable during those expeditions. Empirical evidence from animal studies shows that social isolation, immobilization, and altered gravity can have profound effects on brain plasticity associated with spatial navigation. We provide examples from historic spaceflight missions, spaceflight analogs, and extreme environments suggesting that spatial cognition and its neural circuitry could be impaired during long-duration spaceflight, and identify recommendations and future steps to mitigate these risks.

The impact of hypopituitarism on function and performance in subjects with recent history of traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

Brain Injury ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Srinivasan ◽  
Brian Roberts ◽  
Tamara Bushnik ◽  
Jeffrey Englander ◽  
David A. Spain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Comparison of the Freiburg and Charlson Comorbidity Indices in Predicting Overall Survival in Elderly Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
Moon Jin Kim ◽  
Hyun Ae Jung ◽  
Kihyun Kim ◽  
Seok Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Multiple myeloma occurs primarily in elderly patients. Considering the high prevalence of comorbidities, comorbidity is an important issue for the management of myeloma. However, the impact of comorbidity on clinical outcomes has not been fully investigated. We retrospectively analyzed patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. Comorbidities were assessed based on the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and the Freiburg comorbidity index (FCI). The CCI is a summary measure of 19 comorbid conditions. FCI is determined by performance status, renal impairment, and lung disease. This study included 127 patients with a median age of 71 years. Approximately half of the patients had additional disorders at the time of diagnosis, and diabetes mellitus was the most frequent diagnosis (18.9%). The most significant factors for prognosis among patient-related conditions were a history of solid cancer and performance status (ECOG ≥ 2). The FCI score was divided into 3 groups (0, 1, and 2-3), and the CCI score was divided into 2 groups (2-3 and ≥4). FCI was a strong prognostic tool for OS (P>0.001) and predicted clinical outcome better than CCI (P=0.059). In conclusion, FCI was more useful than CCI in predicting overall survival in elderly patients with myeloma.

scholarly journals Effects of Diet on Brain Plasticity in Animal and Human Studies: Mind the Gap

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tytus Murphy ◽  
Gisele Pereira Dias ◽  
Sandrine Thuret
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
The Impact

Dietary interventions have emerged as effective environmental inducers of brain plasticity. Among these dietary interventions, we here highlight the impact of caloric restriction (CR: a consistent reduction of total daily food intake), intermittent fasting (IF, every-other-day feeding), and diet supplementation with polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on markers of brain plasticity in animal studies. Moreover, we also discuss epidemiological and intervention studies reporting the effects of CR, IF and dietary polyphenols and PUFAs on learning, memory, and mood. In particular, we evaluate the gap in mechanistic understanding between recent findings from animal studies and those human studies reporting that these dietary factors can benefit cognition, mood, and anxiety, aging, and Alzheimer’s disease—with focus on the enhancement of structural and functional plasticity markers in the hippocampus, such as increased expression of neurotrophic factors, synaptic function and adult neurogenesis. Lastly, we discuss some of the obstacles to harnessing the promising effects of diet on brain plasticity in animal studies into effective recommendations and interventions to promote healthy brain function in humans. Together, these data reinforce the important translational concept that diet, a modifiable lifestyle factor, holds the ability to modulate brain health and function.

scholarly journals Religião e transcendência na história

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (237) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Hubert Lepargneur
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
New Age ◽  
New Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Nascida de uma surpreendente evolução da práxis moderna, a volta do interesse ocidental sobre a Religião e as noções correlatas ao Absoluto a que ela introduz torna extremamente atual e oportuna uma reflexão sobre os impactos da transcendência religiosa, com suas diversas formas, na história cultural dos povos. Nenhuma cultura atravessa os tempos sem este relacionamento que certo positivismo acreditou ultrapassar. Este artigo tenta definir noções fundamentais na matéria e delineia relacionamentos que fogem da sociologia tradicional, mas que a Nova Era convida a repensar. O A. mostra que o espaço da religião abrange toda a cultura humana, inclusive a interpretação do cosmos, de seu passado e de seu futuro: poucos temas abrem a mente para uma glo¬balização (o holismo da Nova Era) tão ampla e exigente.Abstract: Arisenfrom modern evolution of praxis, the return of Occidental interest for Religion and correlative concepts as Absolute, confers extreme opportunity to a refle ction upon the impact of the religious transcendence, with its different forms, upon the cultural history of nations. No culture passes through the history without some sort of connection with any invisible foundation that certain positivism believed to outgo and annul. This article tries to define or localize fundamental concepts in thefield and delineates relations that escape from traditional sociolo- gy, but which the New Era invites to reconsider. The A. shows that the space of religion includes the whole culture, notably the interpretation of the cosmos, of his past and future. Few topics give access to a globa- lization (the New Age Holism) so wide and fascinating.

scholarly journals A Study of Metaphors used for Bingu wa Mutharika and Peter Mutharika as Presidents of Malawi and the Impact on their Political Legacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Wellman Kondowe ◽  
Flemmings Fishani Ngwira ◽  
Mackenzie Chibambo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Metaphor Analysis ◽  
Functional Level ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Objective World ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Metaphor analysis has been a very attractive area of scholarly research within cognitive linguistics in which different abstract ideas get mapped into tangible concepts. In Africa, it has become common that individuals like presidents are given metaphors to conceptualise their performance in office with the objective world. However, such political metaphors have not received much attention in academic discourse, and research studies that address the impact of metaphors on presidents’ political legacy are rare. Therefore, this paper analyses metaphors that Malawians have used in relation to their political leaders by drawing examples from two State Presidents: Bingu wa Mutharika and Arthur Peter Mutharika, and how the legacy of the two eventually has come to be associated with the metaphors. In politics, metaphors are essential because they are the lens through which people view and assess their leaders at both theoretical and functional level. Using the approach outlined by Schmitt (2005), the study analyses four major metaphors, namely: MOSE WA LERO (The New Moses), NGWAZI (The Conqueror/The Great Warrior), CHITSULO CHA NJANJI (The Railway Steel), and ADADI (The father/Dad). This paper argues that political metaphors, whether for praise or self-glorification, have an impact on influencing, shaping, and preserving the image of political leaders during their tenure of office which eventually become their legacy. The study acknowledges that presidents’ legacy can be traced through metaphor analysis. The analyses can become meaningful and valid in unearthing the history of conduct and performance of individual leaders.

Making Radio

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn VanCour
Keyword(s):  
New Era ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Music Drama ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sound Media ◽  
Cultural Pressures ◽  
Sound Culture ◽  
Expansion Period

The opening decades of the twentieth century witnessed a profound transformation in the history of modern sound media, with workers in US film, radio, and record industries developing pioneering production methods and performance styles tailored to emerging technologies of electric sound reproduction that directly shaped dominant forms and experiences of modern sound culture. Focusing on broadcasting’s initial expansion period during the 1920s, Making Radio explores the forms of creative labor pursued for the medium before the better-known network era of the 1930s and 1940s, assessing their role in shaping radio’s own identity and identifying affinities with parallel practices pursued for conversion-era film and phonography. Tracing programming forms adopted by early radio writers and programmers, production techniques developed by studio engineers, and performance styles cultivated by on-air talent, it shows how radio workers negotiated a series of broader industrial and cultural pressures to establish best practices for their medium. In the process, it argues, these sound workers shaped not only the future of broadcasting, but also contributed to much broader shifts in popular forms of music, drama, and public oratory, ushering in a new era of electric sound entertainment.

scholarly journals The Discerning Ear: Cardiac Auscultation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence and Telemedicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Jani ◽  
David A Danford ◽  
W Reid Thompson ◽  
Andreas Schuster ◽  
Cedric Manlhiot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cardiac Auscultation ◽  
Cardiac Murmur ◽  
New Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paradigm Shifting ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Heart murmur, a thoracic auscultatory finding of cardiovascular origin, is extremely common in childhood and can appear at any age from premature newborn to late adolescence. The objective of this review is to provide a modern examination and update of cardiac murmur auscultation in this new era of artificial intelligence and telemedicine. First, we provide a comprehensive review of the causes and differential diagnosis, clinical features, evaluation, and long-term management of pediatric heart murmurs. Next, we provide a brief history of computer-assisted auscultation and murmur analysis, along with insight into the engineering design of the digital stethoscope. We conclude with a discussion of the paradigm shifting impact of deep learning on murmur analysis, artificial intelligence assisted auscultation, and the implications of these technologies on telemedicine in pediatric cardiology. It is our hope that this article provides an updated perspective on the impact of artificial intelligence on cardiac auscultation for the modern pediatric cardiologist.

The Replacement of HMI (Human-Machine Interface) in Industry Using Single Interface Through IoT

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Pradnya Sulas Borkar ◽  
Prachi U. Chanana ◽  
Simranjeet Kaur Atwal ◽  
Tanvi G. Londe ◽  
Yash D. Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Human Machine Interface ◽  
New Era ◽  
Single Interface ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Access Information ◽  
And Performance

The new era of computing is internet of things (IoT). Internet of things (IoT) represents the ability of network devices to sense and collect data from around the world and then share that data across the internet where it can be processed and utilize for different converging systems. Most of the organisation and industries needs up-to-date data and information about the hardware machines. In most industries, HMI (human-machine interface) is used mostly for connecting the hardware devices. In many manufacturing industries, HMI is the only way to access information about the configuration and performance of machine. It is difficult to take the history of data or data analysis of HMI automatically. HMI is used once per machine which is quite hard to handle. Due to frequent use of HMI, it leads to loss of time, high costs, and fragility, and it needs to be replaced, which was found to be costlier. An internet of things (IOT) is a good platform where all the machines in the industry are able to be handled from a single IoT-based web portal.

When Drama Went to the Dogs; Or, Staging Otherness in the Animal Melodrama

PMLA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
John MacNeill Miller
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Performance Theory ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
Human World ◽  
English Stage ◽  
And Performance

For much of the nineteenth century, nonhuman animals shared the English stage with human performers in a series of popular, widely produced quadruped dramas. Work in animal studies and performance theory overlooks this phenomenon when it laments theater's unbroken history of animal exclusion—a notion of exclusion that quadruped dramas actually helped propagate and reinforce. The animal melodramas produced through the Victorian era featured animal characters whose appeal depended on the perceived otherness of animal actors, especially the knowledge that animals did not so much act in the drama as perform set responses to subtle, real-world cues from their trainers. Playwrights used animals' imperfect integration in the dramatic illusion to inject an uncanny sense of reality into their melodramatic plots. Their experiments with estrangement admit the difficulties of animal performance by explicitly staging animal otherness—but only as a spur to deepen human engagement with the more-than-human world.

Waves of simulation: Arguing authenticity in an era of surfing the hyperreal

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Roberts ◽  
Jess Ponting
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
New Era ◽  
Mechanical Reproduction ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Critical Theorist ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Published Research

This article is an examination of the impact of new, technologically sophisticated wave pools upon the culture of surfers. Appropriating the concepts of simulation from the work of postmodern theorist Jean Baudrillard, and mechanical reproduction from the critical theorist Walter Benjamin, we consider how the spectre of perfectly simulated waves in controlled environments has signaled a new era in the history of the social construction and contestation of authenticity within the surfing world. Through an examination of interview and survey data that reveals contrasting perspectives on wave pools, we consider the implications of the possibility that with the invention of the perfectly simulated wave, the experience of riding a wave will be detached from the domain of tradition that is known as the surfing lifestyle. Our article compliments previously published research on lifestyle sports that take place in artificial settings.

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