scholarly journals A Study of Metaphors used for Bingu wa Mutharika and Peter Mutharika as Presidents of Malawi and the Impact on their Political Legacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Wellman Kondowe ◽  
Flemmings Fishani Ngwira ◽  
Mackenzie Chibambo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Metaphor Analysis ◽  
Functional Level ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Objective World ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Metaphor analysis has been a very attractive area of scholarly research within cognitive linguistics in which different abstract ideas get mapped into tangible concepts. In Africa, it has become common that individuals like presidents are given metaphors to conceptualise their performance in office with the objective world. However, such political metaphors have not received much attention in academic discourse, and research studies that address the impact of metaphors on presidents’ political legacy are rare. Therefore, this paper analyses metaphors that Malawians have used in relation to their political leaders by drawing examples from two State Presidents: Bingu wa Mutharika and Arthur Peter Mutharika, and how the legacy of the two eventually has come to be associated with the metaphors. In politics, metaphors are essential because they are the lens through which people view and assess their leaders at both theoretical and functional level. Using the approach outlined by Schmitt (2005), the study analyses four major metaphors, namely: MOSE WA LERO (The New Moses), NGWAZI (The Conqueror/The Great Warrior), CHITSULO CHA NJANJI (The Railway Steel), and ADADI (The father/Dad). This paper argues that political metaphors, whether for praise or self-glorification, have an impact on influencing, shaping, and preserving the image of political leaders during their tenure of office which eventually become their legacy. The study acknowledges that presidents’ legacy can be traced through metaphor analysis. The analyses can become meaningful and valid in unearthing the history of conduct and performance of individual leaders.

The impact of hypopituitarism on function and performance in subjects with recent history of traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

Brain Injury ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Srinivasan ◽  
Brian Roberts ◽  
Tamara Bushnik ◽  
Jeffrey Englander ◽  
David A. Spain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Childhood sexual and physical abuse: age at exposure modulates impact on functional outcome in early psychosis patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 2727-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Alameda ◽  
C. Ferrari ◽  
P. S. Baumann ◽  
M. Gholam-Rezaee ◽  
K. Q. Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Global Assessment Of Functioning ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Functional Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundEvidence suggests a relationship between exposure to trauma during childhood and functional impairments in psychotic patients. However, the impact of age at the time of exposure has been understudied in early psychosis (EP) patients.MethodTwo hundred and twenty-five patients aged 18–35 years were assessed at baseline and after 2, 6, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months of treatment. Patients exposed to sexual and/or physical abuse (SPA) were classified according to age at the time of first exposure (Early SPA: before age 11 years; Late SPA: between ages 12 and 15 years) and then compared to patients who were not exposed to such trauma (Non-SPA). The functional level in the premorbid phase was measured with the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) and with the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) during follow-up.ResultsThere were 24.8% of patients with a documented history of SPA. Late SPA patients were more likely to be female (p= 0.010). Comparison with non-SPA patients revealed that: (1) both Early and Late SPA groups showed poorer premorbid social functioning during early adolescence, and (2) while patients with Early SPA had poorer functional level at follow-up with lower GAF (p= 0.025) and lower SOFAS (p= 0.048) scores, Late SPA patients did not.ConclusionOur results suggest a link between exposure to SPA and the later impairment of social functioning before the onset of the disease. EP patients exposed to SPA before age 12 may present long-lasting functional impairment, while patients exposed at a later age may improve in this regard and have a better functional outcome.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Freiburg and Charlson Comorbidity Indices in Predicting Overall Survival in Elderly Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
Moon Jin Kim ◽  
Hyun Ae Jung ◽  
Kihyun Kim ◽  
Seok Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Multiple myeloma occurs primarily in elderly patients. Considering the high prevalence of comorbidities, comorbidity is an important issue for the management of myeloma. However, the impact of comorbidity on clinical outcomes has not been fully investigated. We retrospectively analyzed patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. Comorbidities were assessed based on the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and the Freiburg comorbidity index (FCI). The CCI is a summary measure of 19 comorbid conditions. FCI is determined by performance status, renal impairment, and lung disease. This study included 127 patients with a median age of 71 years. Approximately half of the patients had additional disorders at the time of diagnosis, and diabetes mellitus was the most frequent diagnosis (18.9%). The most significant factors for prognosis among patient-related conditions were a history of solid cancer and performance status (ECOG ≥ 2). The FCI score was divided into 3 groups (0, 1, and 2-3), and the CCI score was divided into 2 groups (2-3 and ≥4). FCI was a strong prognostic tool for OS (P>0.001) and predicted clinical outcome better than CCI (P=0.059). In conclusion, FCI was more useful than CCI in predicting overall survival in elderly patients with myeloma.

scholarly journals Tracing the Roots of Cognitive Linguistics in Hermann Paul’s “Principles of the History of Language”

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (33) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
German Linguist ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of Hermann Paul’s ideas on the development of anthropocentric cognitive linguistics in Russia and Europe. The anthropocentric and pragmatic approaches to the study of language, related, in particular, to the consideration of language as “the language of the individual” and a product of personal experience, were formulated by the German linguist Hermann Paul (1846-1921) in his Principles of the History of Language (1920). In this important work, Paul argues that language development is driven by subjective, psychological factors, acknowledging the Man’s central role in the learning process (anthropocentrism). Viewing Paul’s position from the vantage point of modern linguistics, the article seeks to establish the rightness of the cognitive school in linguistics, provides a brief overview of Paul’s key ideas and concludes that he anticipated and formulated the main principles of the cognitive approach to language, namely: language as a product of individual experience, the role of individual notions in forming a word’s meaning, analogy as a mechanism of language acquisition, metaphor as a mechanism of learning and the connection of language with other mental processes.

Exposed to Time

2016 ◽  
pp. 142-166
Author(s):  
Nicolás Salazar-Sutil ◽  
Sebastián Melo
Keyword(s):  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Movement Duration ◽  
Marcel Duchamp ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This chapter presents a cross-history of motion visualization, especially in relation to the human movement duration in time-based media. Such a crossover discourse from chronophotography to photodynamism facilitates a number of shifts from analytical to nonanalytical, and from scientific to artistic visual experimentation. Because chronophotography and dynamophotography remain unresolved fields, they offer a distinct way of perceiving how the body moves, quite separate from cinematic vision, which has become congealed into a dominant disciplinary visual and academic discourse. Within a chronophotographic collection of visual histories, the impact of classical movement analysis and Etienne Jules-Marey’s chronophotographic science on modern chronophotographic art (such as that of Marcel Duchamp) and Italian photodynamism is key. This complex historical crucible presents us with an enduring tradition of hybrid experimentalism in the visualization of the moving (dancing) body, which persists in digital contexts through work that combines chrono- and dynamophotographic visions.

scholarly journals “It’s Our Country”: First Nations’ Participation in the Indian Pavilion at Expo 67

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myra Rutherdale ◽  
Jim Miller
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Native Canadians ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expo 67 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper traces the history of Aboriginal people’s participation in national spectacle and argues that the Indian Pavilion at Expo 67 was unique in its assertion of the portrayal of Native/Newcomer relations. Historians have interpreted the impact of the Indian Pavilion as an event that awakened non-Native Canadians to both the plight of Aboriginal peoples and their increasing unwillingness to suffer in silence. The controversy over the contents and general argument of the Indian Pavilion followed soon after the release of the two-volume Hawthorn Report on the social and economic conditions First Nations faced, and operated just as the federal government was initiating a series of talks with First Nations leaders to forge a new policy towards First Nations. At the same time, there is little evidence that the Indian Pavilion, whatever succès de scandale it enjoyed, had a lasting impact on public opinion or policymakers. Where the experience of mounting, operating, and defending the Indian Pavilion did matter, however, was with First Nations themselves. Whether causation or coincidence, the newfound confidence and pride that underlay the creation of the Indian Pavilion was completely consistent with the positive demeanour of Aboriginal political leaders from the late 1960s on.

scholarly journals Public health heritage and policy: HIV and AIDS in museums and archives

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Manon Sian Parry
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Museum Exhibitions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the last five years there has been a resurgence of scholarly research and museum exhibitions on the history of HIV and AIDS. This work has called into question some of the conventions of archiving and interpreting the history of the pandemic. It is increasingly clear that a narrow range of materials have been saved. As historians and curators turn to these holdings for analysis and exhibition, they find they inadequately represent the impact of AIDS across diverse groups as well as the range of local, national, international responses. This essay considers some of the factors that shape collection of the material culture, particularly the heritage of public health, and the consequences for our understanding of lessons from the past.

scholarly journals Brains in space: the importance of understanding the impact of long-duration spaceflight on spatial cognition and its neural circuitry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Stahn ◽  
Simone Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
New Era ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFifty years after the first humans stepped on the Moon, space faring nations have entered a new era of space exploration. NASA’s reference mission to Mars is expected to comprise 1100 days. Deep space exploratory class missions could even span decades. They will be the most challenging and dangerous expeditions in the history of human spaceflight and will expose crew members to unprecedented health and performance risks. The development of adverse cognitive or behavioral conditions and psychiatric disorders during those missions is considered a critical and unmitigated risk factor. Here, we argue that spatial cognition, i.e., the ability to encode representations about self-to-object relations and integrate this information into a spatial map of the environment, and their neural bases will be highly vulnerable during those expeditions. Empirical evidence from animal studies shows that social isolation, immobilization, and altered gravity can have profound effects on brain plasticity associated with spatial navigation. We provide examples from historic spaceflight missions, spaceflight analogs, and extreme environments suggesting that spatial cognition and its neural circuitry could be impaired during long-duration spaceflight, and identify recommendations and future steps to mitigate these risks.

The Contribution of Maritime Economics to the Revitalization of the U.S. Marine Industry

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Zeien ◽  
J. F. Hillmann
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Transportation Economics ◽  
Marine Industry ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

A thorough understanding of the role of economics in the various sectors of the maritime industry is vital to success in increasingly global markets. In this paper, the authors discuss the importance of economics in the maritime industry and the consequences of ignoring the effect of economic factors. The authors explore the effect that economics has on the industry's organization, including its structure, behavior, and performance. They examine the relationship between maritime economics and transportation economics, and explore implications of modeling the demand for shipping and shipbuilding services as a derivative of the demand for international trade and commerce. In this regard, the authors present the U.S. maritime industry and chart significant milestones in its development. This factors into a discussion of the impact of the globalization of commercial shipping. The authors also consider the history of government involvement and the military role of the maritime industry. The central thesis of this discussion is that the markets for ships and shipping are becoming increasingly more competitive, and less susceptible to outside constraint. The authors then illustrate their thesis by presenting case studies capturing the two main segments of the maritime industry: international shipping and international shipbuilding. The authors prescribe the need for a market-driven industry receiving minimal intervention by government. Finally, the authors discuss the role of SNAME's Panel 0–36, "Maritime Economics," in relation to the concerns of maritime economics that embrace far-reaching issues with significant application to shipping and shipbuilding in the United States.

Non-Tenure-Track Faculty's Social Construction of a Supportive Work Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianna Kezar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Career Stage ◽  
Tenure Track ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Part Time ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Background The number of non-tenure-track faculty (NTTF), including both full-time (FT) and part-time (PT) positions, has risen to two-thirds of faculty positions across the academy. To date, most of the studies of NTTF have relied on secondary data or large-scale surveys. Few qualitative studies exist that examine the experience, working conditions, and worklife of NTTF. The study is framed by the theory advanced by Berger and Luckmann that reality is socially constructed and the broader sociological tradition of symbolic interactionism described by Blumer, Denzin, and Stryker. Purpose This study fills this gap in our current understanding by using qualitative methods to understand a fundamental issue that has not been examined and is critical to NTTF success and performance—how they perceive and experience support or lack of support within their work environments, particularly their departments. Participants I identified three four-year public institutions that are Master 1 according to the Carnegie Classification scheme. In total, I interviewed 107 NTTF, comprised of 58 PT and 49 FT, across the three institutions in 25 departments (14 unsupportive and 11 supportive). Research Design The study employed a multicase study approach using typical case sampling. The overall study examined departments that had made changes in policies and practices to support NTTF, compared to those that had not made changes, in order to investigate the impact on faculty performance and perspective. I conducted one-to-one interviews with NTTF as the main source of data collection. Findings The main findings of the study are that individual life conditions, such as career stage, and organizational features, such as the history of the department, shape the way NTTF construct support at any given time, and that this process of constructing support is dynamic and changing over a career. Conclusions The study suggests the importance of Shaker's hypothesized set of conditions that shape the perspective of NTTF. The study findings suggest that to understand the complex, multifaceted beliefs around support that are shaped by varying individual and institutional conditions, chairs might meet with the entire NTT faculty once a year in an open forum to discuss support or to anonymously survey all the faculty. NTTF leaders also need to be more aware of these differences in perceptions of support so they might better respond to needs.

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