scholarly journals Heavy metal load and effects on biochemical properties in urban soils of a medium-sized city, Ancona, Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Serrani ◽  
Franco Ajmone-Marsan ◽  
Giuseppe Corti ◽  
Stefania Cocco ◽  
Valeria Cardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Particle Size Fractions

AbstractUrban soils are often mixed with extraneous materials and show a high spatial variability that determine great differences from their agricultural or natural counterparts. The soils of 18 localities of a medium-sized city (Ancona, Italy) were analysed for their main physicochemical and biological properties, and for chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg) total content, distribution among particle-size fractions, and extractability. Because of the absence of thresholds defining a hot spot for heavy metal pollution in urban soils, we defined a “threshold of attention” (ToA) for each heavy metal aiming to bring out hot spot soils where it is more impellent to intervene to mitigate or avoid potential environmental concerns. In several city locations, the soil displayed sub-alkaline pH, large contents of clay-size particles, and higher TOC, total N, and available P with respect to the surrounding rural areas, joined with high contents of total heavy metals, but low availability. The C biomass, basal respiration, qCO2, and enzyme activities were compared to that detected in the near rural soils, and results suggested that heavy metals content has not substantially compromised the soil ecological services. We conclude that ToA can be considered as a valuable tool to highlight soil hot spots especially for cities with a long material history and, for a proper risk assessment in urban soils, we suggest considering the content of available heavy metals (rather than the total content) and soil functions.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Heavy Metal Input to Forest Soils in Rural Areas of Denmark

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Hovmand ◽  
Kaare Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Atmospheric Inputs

Atmospheric bulk deposition of heavy metals (HM) was measured from 1972/73 to the present time at five to ten forest sites in rural areas of Denmark. From 1979, HM in aerosols were measured at one to four forest sites. On the basis of these long-term continuous measurements, the atmospheric inputs to the forest floor have been calculated. Yearly HM emission estimates to the European atmosphere seems to correlate well with yearly average values of HM deposition, as well as with HM concentrations in the ambient atmosphere. HM emissions have been estimated since the 1950s. Using the correlation between emission and deposition, HM deposition values maybe extrapolated in reverse chronological order. The accumulated atmospheric HM deposition has been estimated in this way over a period of 50 years.

scholarly journals Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. with bioremediation potential of toxic heavy metals

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Ahmed ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Jannatul Ferdousi ◽  
Tabassum Samia Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacillus ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Pollution of the environment and food with toxic heavy metals is being intensified in Bangladesh with industrial development. Consumption of foods and water contaminated with heavy metals imposes threat to human health. Aiming to find a solution to this problem, the present study focuses on probiotic Lactobacillus spp. with potential to remove heavy metals from environment as well as human body. A total of three Lactobacillus spp were isolated from curd samples and were identified based on their morphological and biochemical properties. These isolates were tolerant to low pH and bile salt which aids in their application in human gut. All isolates could tolerate 600 ppm chromium, 400 ppm lead, 400 ppm copper and 400 ppm zinc. The heavy metal tolerant Lactobacillus spp were also multi drug resistant and showed 100% resistance to Azithromycin, Cloxacillin, Gentamicin, Vancomycin, Streptomycin, Nalidixic acid, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Penicillin, while 100% sensitivity was observed to Imipenem. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 1 June 2017, pp 43-46

Pollution Changes of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils from 1994 to 2006 in Kaifeng, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2912-2915
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Ma ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Jian Wei Zhang ◽  
Yun Zeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Industrial District ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Soil Metal

Few studies have been done on temporal changes of heavy metal pollution of urban soils. Eight soil samples at the same sites were collected inKaifengCity, China, in1994and 2006. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Hg in the samples was measured. The pollution change of heavy metals from 1994 to 2006, and the relations between metal pollution and some human factors were discussed. The results show that soil pollution with metals in 2006 was higher than that in 1994 with economic growth. Soils in industrial district (ID) were more strongly polluted than in the following districts: (i) cultural and educational district (CED), (ii) mixed district of resident-commerce-administration (RCD), (iii) recreational district (RD), and (iv) suburban district (SD). Cd and Hg were the dominant pollutants. Economic growth, changes of land use and land-use authority can influence soil metal pollution significantly.

scholarly journals Heavy metal content in compost and earthworms from home composters

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bożym
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Allotment Gardens ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Polish Law

Abstract The paper presents the results of compost tests from home composters and earthworms living there, that treating waste into compost. The samples were taken from home composters and allotment gardens from Opole Region. The composting material was green waste. The total content of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni Cr) in compost and compost earthworms’ samples were determined. It was found that the compost samples were not contaminated with heavy metals. According to the Polish classification of composts from municipal wastes, the composts met the requirements for first class of quality. The composts did not exceed the limits of heavy metals specified in the Polish law for solid organic fertilizers. The degree of metal accumulation by compost earthworms depended on the type of metal. The high value of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was obtained for Cd, Pb and Zn. No accumulation of other metals (Ni, Cr, Cu) in earthworm bodies was found. It has been found that earthworm species, naturally occurring in Poland, can also be used as potential bioindicators of metals in the environment, such as the species Eisenia fetida. The aim of the study was to evaluate the heavy metal content in composts from home composters and ability to accumulate metals by compost earthworms.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effects of bio stabilised waste on soil in terms of heavy metal accumulation and leaching

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Lombardi ◽  
Giulia Costa ◽  
Maria Chiara Di Lonardo ◽  
Alessio Lieto
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Solid Matrix

This work evaluated and compared potential impacts related to the accumulation and/or release of heavy metals resulting from the application of different types of stabilized waste to soil. Namely, the following three types of flows were considered: waste produced by aerobic bio-stabilization of municipal solid waste at a Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plant, and compost produced either from aerobic composting or from a combination of anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation processes. After a preliminary characterization of the materials (organic matter content, volatile solid, and heavy metals content), heavy metal accumulation in soil caused by possible long-term application of these organic materials was evaluated by implementing a discretized mass balance based on the total content of the heavy metals in each type of solid matrix investigated. In addition, results of percolation leaching tests performed on each type of material were presented and discussed. Results highlight that although the total content of heavy metals of the three types of materials differed considerably, with the MBT waste presenting the highest concentrations, the results of the leaching percolation tests were quite similar.

scholarly journals Analysis and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Soils of Central Urban Area of Chongqing, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wende Chen ◽  
Kun Zhu ◽  
Yankun Cai ◽  
Peihao Peng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Central City ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Heavy Metal ◽  
Component Loading

Abstract In megacities, due to frequent human activities, large amounts of metals enter the soil indirectly or directly and eventually flow to people through the food chain. Therefore, the analysis and identification of soil heavy metal sources is an important part of revealing soil heavy metal pollution. The spatial content and potential sources of 11 heavy metals were analyzed from 342 surface soil samples collected from the central city of Chongqing in southwest China. The results showed that the main heavy metal elements under the first principal component loading were copper (Cu), nickel(Ni), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cr), plumbum (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The second principal component (F2) was mainly loaded with molybdenum (Mo), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and antimony (Sb), and the PCA-APCs receptor model of 11 heavy metals was constructed. The PCA-APCs receptor models of 11 heavy metals were constructed. The results of classification regression analysis confirmed the main sources of heavy metals. Population density mainly affected Cu (0.539), soil mainly affected Ni (0.411), Sb (0.493), Zn (0.472) and Mn (0.206), and water quality mainly affected As (0.453) and Mo (0.374). Air quality mainly affects Cd (0.332) and Cr (0.371), traffic activity mainly affects Hg (0.312), and slope mainly affects Pb (0.313). Hot spot analysis showed that heavy metals had a high degree of coincidence with environmental factors such as soil parent material, slope, soil type and traffic activities. The results of this study can be effectively used to make scientific decisions and strategies, and an effective strategy for prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution should be formulated to protect the urban soil environmental quality.

scholarly journals Concentration, Spatial Distribution, Contamination Degree and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils across China between 2003 and 2019—A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangmei Tong ◽  
Hairong Li ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Muyesaier Tudi ◽  
Linsheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Contamination Levels

This study provides an overview of the studies of heavy metal pollution regarding As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in the urban soils throughout 71 cities of China, based on data from online literature, during the period 2003–2019. The concentrations, spatial distributions, contamination degrees and health risks of heavy metals in the urban soils were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the mean values of eight heavy metals all exceeded the soil background values in China, and the kriging interpolation method showed that the hot-spot cities with heavy metal contamination in urban soils were mainly concentrated in the southwest, southcentral, southeast coast, northcentral and northwest regions of China. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated that Hg and Cd were at moderate contamination levels and that the levels of the other six metals did not appear contamination. The pollution index (PI) showed that Cd and Hg reached high contamination levels, and the other metals reached moderate contamination levels. The integrated pollution index (IPI) and potential ecological risk index (PRI) indicated that the integral urban soils in the study areas ranked high contamination levels and moderate ecological risk degree, respectively, and Cd and Hg should be labeled as priority metals for control in the urban soils around China. The human health risk assessments for the heavy metals indicated that ingestion was the dominant exposure pathway for having adverse effects on human health. The mean Hazard index (HI) values of eight heavy metals all showed that adverse effects on human health were unlikely, and the mean carcinogenic (CR) values of As, Cr and Ni for children and adults all suggested an acceptable carcinogenic risk to human beings. In addition, children exposed to these heavy metals faced more serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health threats compared to adults. The results could provide valuable information for demanding the better control of heavy metal pollution and mitigation of the adverse effects on residents by environmental regulators in national urban regions.

scholarly journals Characterization of PM-Bound Heavy Metal at Road Environment in Tianjin: Size Distribution and Source Identification

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Qijun Zhang ◽  
Hongjun Mao ◽  
Yanjie Zhang ◽  
Lin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Particle Size Fraction ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Tire Wear ◽  
Pad Wear

To determine the size distribution and source identification of PM-bound heavy metals in roadside environments, four different particle size (<0.2 μm, 0.2–0.5 μm, 0.5–1.0 μm and 1.0–2.5 μm) samples were collected and analyzed from four different types of roads during the summer of 2015 in Tianjin. The results showed that the concentrations of PM-bound heavy metal from the roadside environment sampling sites were 597 ± 251 ng/m3 (BD), 546 ± 316 ng/m3 (FK), 518 ± 310 ng/m3 (JY) and 640 ± 237 ng/m3 (WH). There were differences in the concentrations of the heavy metal elements in the four different particle size fractions. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn and Pb were the highest in the larger particle size fraction (0.5–2.5 μm). Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb were the elements that indicated emissions from tire wear and brake pad wear. The concentrations of Cr, Co and Ni were the highest in the smallest particle size fraction (<0.5 μm), indicating that motor vehicle exhaust was their main source. The correlation analysis results showed that there are differences in the concentration, distribution and correlation of different PM-bound heavy metals in different particle size fractions. The PCA results show that the accumulative interpretation variances of PM0.2, PM0.2–0.5, PM0.5–1.0 and PM1.0–2.5 reached 80.29%, 79.56%, 79.57% and 71.42%, respectively. Vehicle exhaust was the primary source of PM-bound heavy metal collected from the roadside sampling sites, while brake pad wear and tire wear were the second most common sources of the heavy metal.

scholarly journals Microbiological indicators and heavy metal concentration in ecological assessment of urban soils of Saint Petersburg, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
Natalia N. Matinian ◽  
Anastasia L. Gusareva ◽  
Kseniia A. Bakhmatova ◽  
Anastasia A. Sheshukova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Saint Petersburg

This paper aimed to characterize urbostratozems (Urbic Technosol, WRB) of Saint Petersburg located in industrial (“Electrodepo” railway station) and residential (region Polish Garden) zones. These soils were also compared with background (natural) soddy podzol soil (Umbric Albic Gleic Podzol, WRB) sampled in recreational zone (suburban park “Oranienbaum”). Soil samples were collected from soil horizons for chemical analysis and from top of soils for microbialogical analysis in June of 2012. Chemical properties (pH, total organic carbon, mobile forms of K and P) and content of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni) in soils were determined. Culturable forms of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) were studied. Assessment of the enzymatic activity of the soil was carried out by culturing of microorganisms-producers of protease, amylase, cellulase and lipase on special media. Biotesting using cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seeds had been carried out for assessment of soil phytotoxicity. It was found that chemical properties of urban and natural soils differ greatly. Heavy metal pollution was evident in both urban soils, but maximum concentrations of heavy metals were found in the soil of the industrial zone. Phytotoxocity had been also most pronouncend in the soil of the industrial zone. The natural soil exhibited significantly higher respiration activity than urbostratozems. The greatest difference in the structure of the bacterial and fungal communities was observed between the natural soil of the recreational zone and the urbostratozem of the industrial zone. Algae had been present in the urban soils of the residential zone that was not observed in the natural podzol. The minimum number of producers of all enzymes, except for cellulase, was observed in the soddy podzol in the recreational zone. The maximum number of protease and amylase producers was found in the soil of the industrial zone. Lipolytic activity was almost the same in all samples. It was found that more sensitive biological methods are needed for environmental assessment of urban soils. The results of the article can be used by soil scientists and environmental engineers for a comprehensive environmental assessment of the condition of urban soils and for creating new urban green spaces.

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