scholarly journals Nitrate application induced a lower yield loss in rice under progressive drought stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Cheng ◽  
Shilong Hu ◽  
Mingli Cai ◽  
Cougui Cao ◽  
Yang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Lower Yield

scholarly journals Nitrate application induced a lower yield loss in rice under progressive drought stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Cheng ◽  
Mingli Cai ◽  
CouGui Cao ◽  
Yang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Screen House

Abstract Rice plants were subjected to nitrate application and water disruption-induced drought treatments in a screen-house using pot culture, the urea application and flood treatments were used as controls. Nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) application significantly increased the ratio of NO3−-N to NH4+-N in the soil under both drought and flood treatments. Compared with urea application under flood treatment, both nitrate application and drought treatments caused yield losses. Under drought treatment, the yield loss of rice plant for nitrate application was 28.4% lower than that for urea application. The aboveground plant was smaller and more compact under nitrate application. Although nitrate application did not increase water uptake rate and xylem sap rate of the rice plant, nitrate application significantly stimulated the root growth of rice plant compared with urea application, especially under drought treatment, as indicated by higher root cap ratio, root biomass, root volume, root length, and density of lateral roots. Finally, the soil water potential decreased slower for nitrate application compared with urea application under drought treatment. The leaf water potential was higher for nitrate application compared with urea application under drought treatment. Our results indicated that rice plant developed a series of phenotypic adaptations to nitrate application and progressive drought, such as smaller and more compact aboveground plant, a less active but larger root system. These phenotypic adaptations made rice plant suffer less from the progressive drought stress resulting in a lower yield loss.

scholarly journals Simulated Assessment of Summer Maize Drought Loss Sensitivity in Huaibei Plain, China

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqi Wei ◽  
Juliang Jin ◽  
Shangming Jiang ◽  
Shaowei Ning ◽  
Yi Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Jointing Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Yield Formation

In an agricultural drought risk system, crop drought loss sensitivity evaluation is a fundamental link for quantitative agricultural drought loss risk assessment. Summer maize growth processes under various drought patterns were simulated using the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES-maize, which was calibrated and validated based on pit experiments conducted in the Huaibei Plain during 2016 and 2017 seasons. Then S-shaped maize drought loss sensitivity curve was built for fitting the relationship between drought hazard index intensity at a given stage and the corresponding dry matter accumulation and grain yield loss rate, respectively. Drought stress reduced summer maize evapotranspiration, dry matter, and yield accumulation, and the reductions increased with the drought intensity at each stage. Moreover, the losses caused by drought at different stages were significantly different. When maize plants were exposed to a severe water deficit at the jointing stage, the dry matter and grain yield formation were greatly affected. Therefore, maize growth was more sensitive to drought stress at the jointing stage when the stress was serious. Furthermore, when plants encountered a relatively slight drought during the seedling or jointing stage, which represented as a lower soil water deficit intensity, the grain yield loss rates approached the maximum for the sensitivity curves of these two stages. Therefore, summer maize tolerance to water deficit at the seedling and jointing stages were weak, and yield formation was more sensitive to water deficit during these two stages when the deficit was relatively slight.

scholarly journals MUTATION BREEDING OF A RICE DWARF LINE WITH SLIGHT YIELD LOSS UNDER DROUGHT STRESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Asadollah Ahmadikhah ◽  
Amir Marufinia ◽  
Esmaeil Sharifzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Mutant Line ◽  
Line Field ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Parental Cultivar

Lack of adequate water leading to drought stress is a common constraint in upland cultivation system ofrice. a rice mutant line (MT58) was developed in previous research after mutagenesis of cv. Neda by ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) and selected for dwarfism (18 cm shorter than Neda). The extent of its molecularchanges relative to parental cultivar was assessed by SSR and ISSR markers, and the response of the linealong with parental cultivar and another mutant line (MTA) to mild and severe water deficit, was evaluated ina field experiment. a molecular assessment by using 41 SSR markers showed that stunt line MT58 had significantmolecular difference with two other lines as confirmed by cluster analysis. ISSR assay also proved theconsiderable mutational effect of EMS on two mutant lines compared to original wild line. Field experimentsrevealed that limited irrigation caused mild to severe decrease in all the studied traits including chlorophyllcontents. In both mild and sever water stress (S1 and S2) dwarf mutant MT58 had not significant differencesin plant yield from parental cultivar Neda. In mild water stress cultivar Neda and mutant line MT58, respectively,showed highest (14%) and lowest (3%) yield loss, while in sever water stress mutant lines MTA andMT58, respectively, showed highest (33%) and lowest (19%) yield loss. In severe stress, cultivar Neda hadhighest plant height, tiller number and plant yield, and mutant MT58 had highest panicle length, total kernelsper panicle, fertile kernels and chlorophyll contents. Reduction in chlorophyll content at drought stress conditionwas correlated with yield loss (0.64 and 0.697 for chl.a and chl.b, respectively). The results of this researchobviously confirm that mutant line MT58 despite of its stunt figure did not show yield difference fromits parental cultivar in drought stress.

ESTIMATION OF PEA YIELD LOSS FROM SEVERE ROOT ROT AND DROUGHT STRESS USING AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND A LOSS CONVERSION FACTOR

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. BASU ◽  
H. R. JACKSON ◽  
V. R. WALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Vertical aerial photographs were taken over commercial pea (Pisum sativum L.) fields in the Picton-Wellington region, Ontario, in 1975 (a drought year) and in 1976 (a non-drought year) using Kodak Aerochrome Infrared film 2443. Optical separations into black and white images were necessary to assist in delineating healthy crop boundaries from severe root rot- and drought-affected areas (37.14%) as well as void areas (5.29%) from 1975 photographs of 12 selected fields. In these fields, excluding the void areas, an estimated yield loss of 22.7% was calculated by multiplying the percentage of the affected area by an average yield loss conversion factor of 0.61 derived from all available data from greenhouse- and field-grown plants of several commercial pea cultivars.

scholarly journals Effects of hydrogen peroxide application on agronomic traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Weeraphorn Jira-anunkul ◽  
Wattana Pattanagul
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Signal Molecule

Drought stress is a major environmental factor limiting crop growth and productivity. Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) plays an essential role during stress response by acting as a signal molecule that activates multiple stress tolerance mechanisms. In this study, the effects of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> on agronomic traits were studied in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML 105) was subjected to drought stress. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was applied by either seed priming or foliar application method with a concentration of 1, 5, and 15 mmol/L. The results showed that both seed priming and foliar application with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> improved some yield components. The tiller numbers, number of panicles, number of filled grains, filled grain weight, and harvest index were improved approximately 1.13, 1.04, 1.23, 1.21, and 1.1 times compared to the untreated plants. Foliar application, however, helps the plant by reducing yield loss as indicated by a 0.5-time reduction in the number of unfilled grain and lower unfilled grain weight. It was suggested that 5 mmol/L H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was the most effective concentration to alleviate the effect of drought stress during the reproductive stage in rice.

scholarly journals Mitigation of drought stress effects on soybean gas exchanges induced by Azospirillum brasilense and plant regulators

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Guilherme Bulegon ◽  
Vandeir Francisco Guimarães ◽  
Andre Gustavo Battistus ◽  
Adriano Mitio Inagaki ◽  
Neumárcio Vilanova da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Stress Control ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Relative Water

ABSTRACT Drought stress is a limitation for the agricultural production, having as a primary effect the reduction of plant gas exchanges, and the continuity of its incidence results in a lower yield. This study aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic responses and the soybean yield, concerning the seed inoculation and foliar spray with Azospirillum brasilense and plant regulator containing auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin. A randomized complete block design was used under greenhouse conditions, with five treatments: four under drought stress (control, seed inoculation and foliar spray with A. brasilense and plant regulator) and one irrigated treatment. The soil gravimetric moisture, relative water content, CO2 net assimilation rate, apparent quantum efficiency, light compensation point and grain yield were evaluated. The water deficiency reduced the relative water content by 76.96 % and the soybean gas exchanges by 860.43 %, in the drought stress control. However, when using A. brasilense or plant regulator, the reduction of these values was mitigated, with maximum reductions of 52.40 % in the relative water content and 361.99 % in the gas exchanges. Thus, the mitigation of these effects was directly correlated with the grains yielded by plants, where the use of foliar spray with A. brasilense or plant regulator presented averages 19 % higher than the drought stress control. The applications of foliar spray with A. brasilense and plant regulator mitigate the effects of drought stress on the soybean photosynthesis and culminate in lower yield losses.

scholarly journals INTERFERENCE OF BLACK AND EASTERN BLACK NIGHTSHADE WITH TRANSPLANTED TOMATOES.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1132b-1132
Author(s):  
Milton E. McGiffen ◽  
John B. Masiunas ◽  
Morris G. Huck
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Solanum Ptycanthum ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Tomato Yield

Eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) and black (Solanum nigrum) nightshade are difficult to control in tomato, interfering with harvest and decreasing fruit quality and yield. In irrigated tomatoes, soil water depletion was greater as nightshade density increased. However, tomato yield loss due to black nightshade was greatest at the lower weed densities. As density increases, photosynthetic activity (photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and stomatal resistance) of black nightshade is more affected than eastern black nightshade. Photosynthetic activity of tomato is the least affected. In greenhouse experiments where water was denied for approximately a week prior to measurement, tomatoes were more sensitive to water stress than were nightshades. Nightshades were more adapted to drought stress than were tomatoes.

scholarly journals Biomarkers for grain yield stability in rice under drought stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 669-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Melandri ◽  
Hamada AbdElgawad ◽  
David Riewe ◽  
Jos A Hageman ◽  
Han Asard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Metabolic Oxidative Stress

The metabolic-oxidative stress profile of the rice flag leaf during drought stress in the reproductive stage is highly predictive for grain yield loss sensitivity of 292 accessions at harvest time.

Characteristics Analysis of Summer Maize Yield Loss Caused by Drought Stress in the Northern Huaihe Plain, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simin Geng ◽  
Denghua Yan ◽  
Zhiyong Yang ◽  
Zhongbo Zhang ◽  
Meijian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Characteristics Analysis
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