scholarly journals Donor demographics and factors affecting corneal utilisation in Eye Bank of North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1773-1781
Author(s):  
S. K. Arya ◽  
Amit Raj ◽  
Jyoti Deswal ◽  
Piyush Kohli ◽  
Raghavendra Rai
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
North India ◽  
Donor Age ◽  
Eye Bank ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In The Beginning

Abstract Introduction Nearly 6.8 million people in India have vision less than 6/60 in at least one eye due to corneal diseases; of these, about a million had bilateral involvement. Purpose To identify the challenges faced; the trends in collection, storage and utilisation of corneal tissues in an eye bank in north India. Materials and methods The past records of Eye Bank linked to a tertiary hospital in northern India were analysed from November’1999 to October’2015 with respect to number of eye donations per year, donor demographics and utilisation of corneal tissues. Results The number of donations during the first 6 years were 100, 279 in the next 5 years and 473 in the last 5 years. The mean donor age was 63.2 ± 19.5 years. The percentage of donors less than 30, 31–60 and more than 60 years was 10%, 28% and 62%. Forty-two percent donations were from the hospital. The average time between the death and enucleation was 4.74 ± 5.31 hours. The percentage of corneas used in the donor age groups less than 30, 31–60 and above 60 years was 61.9%, 61.6% and 53.8%, respectively. The usability rate of the corneas from home and hospital was 63.7% and 55.3%, respectively. Conclusions The eye bank had a lukewarm response in the beginning, but gained momentum with time. The myths and beliefs prevalent in our society deter people from donating eyes freely. Each eye bank needs to individualise its problems and find solutions for adequate procurement and utilisation of tissue.

scholarly journals Role of dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for long anterior urethral strictures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3110
Author(s):  
Vedamurthy Reddy Pogula ◽  
Ershad Hussain Galeti ◽  
Venkatesh Velivela ◽  
Bhargava Reddy Kanchi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Urethral Strictures ◽  
Buccal Mucosal Graft ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dorsal Onlay ◽  
The Mean

Background: Treatment of the urethral strictures is challenging and with appropriate evaluation preoperatively and surgery planning it is possible to achieve good results. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty in treating long anterior urethral strictures.Methods: Between August 2018 to July 2019 a total of 25 patients with anterior urethral stricture were treated with dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty. Age, etiology of the stricture, stricture length (≤ 7 cm, and > 7 cm), and site of the stricture were assessed as the factors affecting the success rate.Results: The clinical outcome as Success was defined as the patient not needing any form of urethral instrumentation postoperatively. The mean follow-up period was 18 months. Of 25 patients, 22 (92%) were successful and 3 (8%) were a failure. There was no statistically significant difference between the age groups, etiology of the stricture and success rate (p=0.21 and p=0.444). The statistical difference was significant for the site and length of the stricture by means of success (p=0.005 and p=0.025).Conclusions: Our results show stricture length and localization are the most important variables for good success. Because of less failure rate, single-stage dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty may be offered as an alternative to staged urethroplasty in case of long urethral strictures.  

scholarly journals Adolescents Hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2: Analysis of Clinical Profile and Risk Factors for Severe Disease over a two-year period

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamoghna Ghosh ◽  
Tejas M Suri ◽  
Kana Ram Jat ◽  
Aditya Kumar Gupta ◽  
Sushma Bhatnagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
North India ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Severity Grading ◽  
Second Wave

Introduction: There is a lack of studies in adolescents with COVID-19 from developing countries. We aimed to describe the clinical profile and risk factors for severe disease in adolescents hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively admitted cohort of COVID-19 patients was performed at a tertiary hospital in north India. Adolescents aged 12 to 18 years who were hospitalized during the first wave (March 2020 to December 2020) and the second wave (March 2021 to June 2021) of the pandemic were included. Data on the demographic details, clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, disease severity at admission, treatments received, and in-hospital outcomes were retrieved and logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for occurrence of moderate or severe disease. Results: The study included 197 adolescents with median (IQR) age 15 (13-17) years, of whom 117 (59.4%) were male. Among these, 170 (86.3%) were admitted during the 1st wave. Underlying comorbidities were present in 9 (4.6%) patients. At the time of hospital admission, 60 (30.9%) patients were asymptomatic. In the severity grading, 148 (84.6%) had mild, 16 (9.1%) had moderate, and 11 (6.3%) had severe disease. Fever (14.9%) and cough (14.9%) were the most commonly encountered symptoms. The median (IQR) duration of hospital stay was 10 (8-13) days and 6 (3.1%) patients died in hospital. The odds of moderate to severe disease were 3.8 for second wave, 1.9 for fever and 1.1 for raised C reactive protein (CRP). Conclusion: In our single-center study from northern India, adolescents admitted with COVID-19 had predominantly asymptomatic or mild disease. Admission during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, presence of fever and raised CRP were risk factors for moderate or severe disease.

scholarly journals Measles and Mumps Outbreaks in Lebanon : Trends and Links

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talal El Zarif ◽  
Mohamed Faisal Kassir ◽  
Nazih Bizri ◽  
Ghida Kassir ◽  
Umayya Musharrafieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Public Database ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Measles Outbreaks ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Abstract: Background: Lebanon has experienced several measles and mumps outbreaks in the past twenty years . In this article, the trend of measles outbreaks in Lebanon was studied in an attempt to outline factors contributing to the failure of elimination plans, and to provide potential solutions. The relationship between measles and mumps outbreaks in Lebanon was described and explored. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of confirmed cases of measles and mumps in Lebanon between 2003 and 2018 collected from the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health Epidemiological Surveillance Unit public database was carried out. The information collected was graphically represented taking into consideration dates of cases, age groups affected, and vaccination status. Results: The mean number of measles cases was 150.25 cases/year in the 1-4 years age group, 87 cases/year in individuals aging between 5 and 14, and 63.68 cases/year in those > 14 years old. In the latter group, only 18.05% were unvaccinated. The mean number of mumps cases was 30.4 cases/year in the <4 year age group and 53.8 cases/year in the 10-19 years age group. During the study period, every spike in measles cases was followed by a similar spike in mumps. 9.66% of measles cases occurred in individuals who received at least 2 doses of the vaccine, 52.26% in the unvaccinated, and 38% in those whose vaccination status was undetermined. Conclusions: Measles in Lebanon is a disease of the pediatric population, but adults remain at risk. Outbreaks of mumps followed those of measles and were mainly among adolescents. Presence of a large number of Syrian refugees in the country may further complicate the situation. Vaccination activities need to be intensified. Keywords: Measles, mumps, elimination, vaccine, Lebanon.

scholarly journals Perception of asthma control among asthmatics seen inChest Clinic at Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tewodros H. Gebremariam ◽  
Charles B. Sherman ◽  
Neil W. Schluger
Keyword(s):  
Asthma Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Patient Perception ◽  
Uncontrolled Asthma ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Patient awareness of asthma severity is important for optimal asthma management. However, there is often a discrepancy between physician assessment of asthma control based on guidelines and patient discernment of control. We compared physician and patient perception of asthma control in a clinic population seen at a tertiary hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 182 consecutive patients with a physician diagnosis of asthma seen in Chest Clinic at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) between July and December 2015 were studied. Demographics, asthma symptoms, medication use in the past month, and self-perception of asthma control in the past 7 days were obtained from the clinic records. Physician assessed asthma control was based on the GINA asthma symptom control assessment tool. Lung function was measured using a Diagnostic EasyOne Plus model 2001 SN spirometer. The institutional review board approved the study protocol. Results Of the 182 subjects, 68.1% were female. The mean age was 52 ± 12 years, and the mean (SD) duration of asthma was 19.4 ± 12.7 years. Forty-four (24.2%) patients had physician determined well-controlled asthma and 138 (75.8%) patients had physician determined partly controlled/uncontrolled asthma. One hundred and fifty-one (83%) patients thought their asthma control was good. However, the degree of concordance between physician evaluation and patient perception of asthma control was low (kappa index = 0.09). On multivariate analysis, self-perceived poor asthma control was associated with any activity limitation due to asthma and inconsistent inhaled corticosteroid use. Conclusion In our study, the first of its kind in Ethiopia, a high percent of patients with physician determined well-controlled asthma has appropriate perception of their disease state. However, those patients with partly controlled/uncontrolled asthma had poor self-perception of their disease, emphasizing the need for further patient education. These conclusions may be especially useful in the care of asthmatics from other low-income countries.

scholarly journals Age Distribution of Patients Presenting With Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in Kathmandu, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Damodar Gajurel ◽  
Rabi Prakash Sharma ◽  
Krishna Dhungana ◽  
Niranjan Acharya ◽  
Prasant Karki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paratyphoid Fever

Background: Enteric fever is a significant cause of morbidity in Nepal. In the past, Salmonella entericaserovar Typhi (S. Typhi) was the major causative organism of enteric fever. However, more recently, Salmonella entericaserovar Paratyphi (S.Paratyphi) A has been isolated from most patients presenting with enteric fever in various regions of Nepal. This study aimed to evaluate age differences in patients presenting with typhoid and paratyphoid fever.Materials & Methods: Between December 2014 and October 2015, 186 patients presented with enteric fever to the Civil Service Hospital in Kathmandu. S. Typhi and S.Paratyphi A were isolated from blood cultures in 48.4% and 51.6% of the cases, respectively. Age groups of the patients infected with either serovar were compared.Results: The mean age of patients from whom S. Typhi was isolated was 19.3 years, while the mean age of patients from whom S. Paratyphi A was isolated was 25.2 years; p=0.025.Conclusion: Our study shows that age is an important factor in having either typhoid or paratyphoid fever. This will help in the prevention of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in various age groups.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 2, Issue 11 (July-December, 2017) Page:25-28

scholarly journals Factors affecting growth and yield of short-duration pigeonpea and its potential for multiple harvests

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Chauhan ◽  
N. Venkataratnam ◽  
A. R. Sheldrake
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seed Yields

SummaryEnvironmental and cultural factors that may limit the yield of short-duration pigeonpea were investigated over three seasons. Plants in the peninsular Indian environment at Patancheru grew less and produced less dry matter by first-flush maturity than at Hisar, a location in northern India where the environment is considered favourable for the growth of short-duration pigeonpea. However, with a similar sowing date in June, the mean seed yields of three genotypes, ICPL 4, ICPL 81 and ICPL 87, were very similar, at about 2·3 t/ha, in both environments. This was mainly due to the higher ratio of grain to above-ground dry matter at Patancheru. In addition to the first harvest, all genotypes showed a potential for two more harvests owing to the warm winters at Patancheru. The potential for multiple harvests was particularly high in ICPL 87, which yielded 5·2 t/ha from three harvests in 1982–3, 3·6 t/ha from two harvests in 1983–4, and 4·l t/ha from three harvests in 1984–5. The optimum plant population density at Patancheru was 25–35 plants/m2 for ICPL 87, but was higher for the other two genotypes.At Patancheru, the total dry-matter and seed yield of first and subsequent harvests were significantly reduced by delaying sowing beyond June. Generally, the second- and the third-harvest yields were lower on vertisol than on alfisol under both irrigated and unirrigated conditions.The total yield of ICPL 87 from two harvests was far higher than that of a well-adapted medium-duration genotype BDN 1, grown over a similar period. The yield advantage was greater on the alfisol because of the better multiple harvest potential of this soil. The results of this study demonstrate that properly managed short-duration genotypes of pigeonpea may have considerable potential for increased yield from multiple harvests in environments where winters are warm enough to permit continued growth.

scholarly journals A 27-Year Report from the Central Eye Bank of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Javadi ◽  
Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi ◽  
Sare Safi
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Transplantation ◽  
Bullous Keratopathy ◽  
Eye Bank ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Corneal Transplants ◽  
Corneal Scar ◽  
Common Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose: To report the 27-year statistical data from the Central Eye Bank of Iran (CEBI) and its activity. Methods: All CEBI records regarding procured eyes, tissue utilizations, corneal transplants per capita, and indications for keratoplasty from 1991 to 2017 were analyzed. Results: In total, 115,743 whole eyes were donated during the 27-year period. Out of the 114,169 eyes donated between 1994 and 2017, 95,314 eyes were distributed for transplantation, and 95,057 corneas were actually transplanted. The mean annual rate of corneal transplants per capita was 55.10−6 ± 27.10−6. Although penetrating keratoplasty (PKP, 70%) was the most common technique of corneal transplantation during the study period, it exhibited a decreasing trend between 2006 and 2017 (P = 0.048). It was in contrast to Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) that demonstrated an increasing trend during the same period (P < 0.001). Keratoconus (KCN, 39.70%) was the most leading indication for keratoplasty over the last three decades followed by bullous keratopathy (BK, 18.5%), corneal scar and opacities (15.7%), and graft failure (GF, 7.5%), with an increasing trend for BK, GF, and KCN. A majority of scleral tissues (83.7%) were utilized for orbital implant protection. Conclusion: An increasing trend in the number of procured eyes was observed over the past 27 years in Iran. The most leading indications for corneal transplantation were KCN and BK. While PKP was the most common keratoplasty technique, DSAEK showed an increasing trend over the last 12 years.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Bao-An Chen ◽  
Yi-Qian ZHU ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Xue Wu ◽  
Bao-An Chen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: A total of 51 patients with AML initially treated in Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University in the past 7 years were selected to investigate the gender, age (60-year-old) and WBC count (>=30*109/L), whether there is a history of MDS and other factors related to survival rate. Results: The results showed that age and the history of MDS prodrome were independent prognostic factors affecting OS. The OS rates of CD19 negative, CD11b positive and CD64 negative patients were significantly lower than those without the above factors at the onset of the disease, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The prognosis of AML patients is affected by multiple factors, so prognosis should be stratified according to risk factors, and appropriate chemotherapy regimens should be selected for patients of different age groups.

scholarly journals Tinnitus and Otosclerosis: An Exploratory Study about the Prevalence, Features and Impact in Daily Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Fontes Lima ◽  
Filipa Carvalho Moreira ◽  
Isabel Esteves Costa ◽  
Catia Azevedo ◽  
Fernando Mar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Tinnitus is experienced by a significant part of the patients suffering from otosclerosis. Objective To assess the prevalence of tinnitus in otosclerosis, its main features, and the impact on the daily life. Methods Patients diagnosed with otosclerosis in 2019 in a tertiary hospital were enrolled in the study. Demographic data were retrieved and, besides a regular audiometric evaluation, the patients underwent acuphenometry to assess the psychoacoustic measurements (pitch and loudness), and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Results In total, 66 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with a female predominance (63.6%; n = 42), and a mean age of 48.7 years. The mean air-bone gap was of 26.3 dB. A total of 72.7% complained of tinnitus; it was mostly unilateral, identified in the low frequencies, namely 500 Hz, with median loudness of 7.5 dB. The median score on the THI score was of 37; most patients had a mild handicap (33.3%, n = 16), followed by those with a severe handicap (22.9%; n = 11). The female gender had a statistically significant association with the presence of tinnitus. The THI scores were higher in middle-aged patients (age groups: 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years), which was statistically significant. No correlation was found between audiometry results and the prevalence of tinnitus or score on the THI. On the other hand, high-pitched tinnitus, compared to low pitched-tinnitus, was associated with larger air-bone gaps. Conclusion The prevalence of tinnitus in our population was in line with the prevalences reported in the literature. It caused a catastrophic handicap in 22.9% of the patients. High-pitched tinnitus was associated with higher handicap. Nonetheless, the existence of tinnitus and its severity were not associated with the degree of hearing loss.

scholarly journals Examination of preterm babies for ROP referred to an eye department from an urban and semi-urban neonatal intensive care unit: implications for practice.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Venkatesh ◽  
Prachi Abhishek Dave ◽  
Prachi Gurav ◽  
Manisha Agarwal ◽  
Mamta Jajoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
North India ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: To study and analyse the factors affecting the proportion of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) distribution between the urban and semi-urban regions in North India. Methods: Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study. All babies referred for ROP examination by paediatricians or other general ophthalmologists between 2013 – 2016 were included in the study. Demographic, clinical and treatment related findings were recorded. Results: Five hundred and fifty-eight (467: urban & 91: semi urban) babies were examined for ROP. The mean birth weight in the urban and semi-urban setting was 1348.6 ± 395.21 gm and 1703.77 ± 401.76 gm respectively. The mean gestational age was 30.99 ± 2.93 weeks and 30.73 ± 2.08 weeks in the urban and semi-urban cohorts respectively. The average time for first ophthalmic examination following birth was 23.82 ± 13.69 (range: 3-77) days in the urban and 101.16 ± 238.26 (range: 13- 330) days in the semi-urban setting. 94% of the babies completed all screening examination visits. Any ROP was identified in 11.6% and 33.0% of the urban and semi-urban cohorts respectively; Type 1 was detected in 7.5% of urban babies and 23.1% of semi-urban babies Conclusion: Differences in the proportion of babies developing any ROP and Type 1 ROP between the semi-urban and urban groups is likely due to selection bias, as a high proportion of semi-urban babies did not attend for examination or failed to complete all the examinations necessary. This was particularly true for females. More needs to be done to increase access to regular, systematic screening of preterm babies within neonatal units.

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