scholarly journals The gas evolution of a modified cellulose mixture used for gating systems in the no-bake mould process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zawieja ◽  
Jacek Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Evolution ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Expanded Vermiculite ◽  
Commercial Technology ◽  
Modified Cellulose

AbstractThis paper shows the results of a study of gas evolution from a patented modified cellulose mix used in the production of no-bake casting moulds. The modified cellulose mixture was used for investigation with additives such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and microspheres. The binder was an inorganic resin based on commercial technology, called Geopol. Samples were tested in different compositions in order to show the influence of all the additives mentioned. Two different methods were used—one was based on TG–TDG–MS investigation and the other was based on pyrolysis combined with a gas composition analyser. Investigations of both methods were carried out at temperatures up to 900 °C. The results showed that the gas emissions during thermal degradation of all the modified mixtures did not constitute substances that are hazardous or dangerous to health. Therefore, the material proposed can be used as a solution that is more environmentally friendly when compared to formulas which exist on the market and are abundant in harmful compounds.

scholarly journals Gas Emissivity of a Modified Cellulose Mix at the Temperature of 900°C

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Z. Zawieja ◽  
J. Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Study Material ◽  
Expanded Vermiculite ◽  
Volumetric Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Modified Cellulose

Abstract This paper presents the findings of a study of gas emissivity and the volumetric gas flow rate from a patented modified cellulose mix used in production of disposable sand casting moulds. The modified cellulose mix with such additives as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and microspheres was used as the study material. The results for gas emissivity and the gas flow rate for the modified cellulose mix were compared with the gas emissivity of the commercial material used in gating systems in disposable sand casting moulds. The results have shown that the modified cellulose mix is characterized by a lower gas emissivity by as much as 50% and lower gas flow rate per unit mass during the process of thermal degradation at the temperature of 900°C, compared to the commercial mix. It was also noted that the amount of microspheres considerably affected the amount of gas produced.

scholarly journals Gas Evolution Quantitative Analysis at a Temperature of 900°C of a Cellulose Mixture Modified by Mineral Additives

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 1051-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zawieja ◽  
J. Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Gas Evolution ◽  
Uniform Bound ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
Expanded Vermiculite ◽  
Evolution Study ◽  
Mineral Additives

Abstract This article presents a gas evolution study of a novel, cellulose-based mixture with such mineral additives as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and microspheres. Inorganic alumina-silica binder was used to produce an uniform, bound mixture. The results have shown that the novel, cellulose-based mixture, obtained from waste paper, with mineral additives, emits smaller amounts of gas, while retaining the same thermal resistance.

scholarly journals DABCO Catalyzed Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives in Aqueous Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Paliwal ◽  
Srinivasa Rao Jetti ◽  
Anjna Bhatewara ◽  
Tanuja Kadre ◽  
Shubha Jain
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Xanthene Derivatives ◽  
Reaction Proceeds ◽  
Conventional Methods

The reaction of 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione with various heteroarylaldehydes afforded the corresponding heteroaryl substituted xanthene derivatives 1(a–f). The reaction proceeds via the initial Knoevenagel, subsequent Michael, and final heterocyclization reactions using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a catalyst in aqueous media. The synthesized heteroaryl substituted xanthenes 1(a–f) reacted with malononitrile to obtain different alkylidenes 2(a–f). Short reaction time, environmentally friendly procedure, avoiding of cumbersome apparatus, and excellent yields are the main advantages of this procedure which makes it more economic than the other conventional methods.

The Effect of Glycidyl Silane as Coupling Agent in Intumescent Flame Retardant System

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 677-682
Author(s):  
Hambali Raden Siti Amirah ◽  
Ahmad Faiza Mohd ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Yhaya ◽  
Rahmah Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed Nur Raihan
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Char Formation

The effect of different carbonizing agents; ethylene glycol, glycerol, and pentaerythritol to the char formation were studied in this research. After burning process, formulation with ethylene glycol, glycerol, and pentaerythritol showed chars thickness of 10 mm, 32 mm, and 45 mm. The chars’ strength at peak force was recorded at 3.20 N, 7.75 N, and 9.48 N while the burning rate of each sample were 5.23 x 10-4 mm/s, 4.20 x10-4 mm/s, and 6.24 x10-4 mm/s respectively. Formulation with glycerol as carbonizing agent showed the lowest burning rate as compared to the other formulations. Additional formulation with glycidyl silane as coupling agent in glycerol formulation was also studied. The formation of chemical bonding between silane, glycerol, and epoxy glycerol was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) absorption peak at 767.25 cm-1. The burning rate was 1.44 x 10-5 mm/s after silane treatment. Thermal degradation of the silane-treated resin started at 220°C as measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

scholarly journals Uji Ketahanan Klon Kentang Hasil Pesilangan Atlantic x Repita terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Phytophthora infestans

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Helmi Kurniawan ◽  
Ineu Sulastrini ◽  
Tarkus Suganda
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACTResistance Test of Potato Clones Derived from Crossing of Atlantic x Repita to Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)Late blight, incited by Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive disease of potato. The management that is effective and environmentally-friendly is the use of resistant variety. The objective of this study was to test the resistance of the six potato clones (AR 04, AR 05, AR 06, AR 07, AR 08 and AR 09) derived from crossing var. Atlantic x var. Repita to late blight caused by P. infestans. Var. Atlantic, Repita and Granola were used as susceptible, resistant and susceptible but the most-grown variety, respectively. Field test was located in Ciwidey, one of the potato growing center where late blight is endemic since potatoes are continuously grown. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. The result showed that clones AR 07 and AR 08 were more resistant than the other potato clones, but it still below the resistance level var. Repita. However, based on statistical test on the diseases development (AUDPC), clone AR 08 could be categorized as resistant, equal with of the resistance level of var. Repita.Keywords: Potato clones, Rsistance, P. infestansABSTRAKPenyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan Phytopthora infestans merupakan penyakit utama pada tanaman kentang. Pengendalian yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan adalah dengan penanaman varietas tahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketahanan 6 klon kentang (AR 4, AR5, AR6, AR7, AR 8, dan AR9) yang merupakan hasil persilangan antara var. Atlantic (produksi tinggi tetapi rentan) dengan var. Repita, sebagai tetua tahan terhadap penyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan oleh P. infestans. Varietas Atlantic, Repita dan Granola digunakan sebagai pembanding. Pengujian ketahanan dilakukan di Ciwidey, yang merupakan salah satu sentra produksi kentang di Jawa Barat dan endemik penyakit hawar daun. Perlakuan ditata menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klon AR 07 dan Klon AR 08 memiliki ketahanan yang lebih baik dibanding klon-klon kentang lainnya, namun tingkat ketahanannya masih di bawah cv Repita. Namun, berdasarkan uji statistik terhadap nilai perkembangan penyakit (AUDPC) klon AR 08 dapat dikategorikan tahan, sama dengan derajat tahan var. Repita.Kata Kunci: Klon kentang, Ketahanan, P. infestans

scholarly journals The influence of cetane-detergent additives into diesel fuel increased to 10% (V/V) of RME content on energy parameters and exhaust gas composition of a diesel engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Winicjusz STANIK ◽  
Jerzy CISEK
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

To avoid the negative effects of increasing the amount of RME in the diesel fuel (to 10%), three different additive packages were used: stabilising, cleaning, and increasing the cetane number with different concentrations. The tests were carried out using a 4-cylinder, turbocharged 1.9 TDI engine from VW. The tests were carried out for 4 fuels (comparative fuel with a content of 7% RME and 3 test fuels with a content of 10% RME, differing in the content of the additive package.It was found that each of the 3 additive packages used does not have a significant impact on fuel consumption. However, a different effect of the tested additives on the composition of exhaust gases was observed. The first package had a slight effect on reducing the NOx concentration in the exhaust, but only for small engine loads. On the other hand, the second additive pack worked more effectively only at higher engine loads (in relation to the reduction of NOx concentration in the exhaust gases). In the third packet, the amount of the cetane additive was doubled (compared to the second packet). Then, the reduction in the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas by 3–8% was obtained with reference to the comparative fuel.

scholarly journals An Environmentally Friendly Phosphorus-Modified Cellulose/Silica Hybrid Hydrogel for Fire Prevention and Firefighting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafezeh Nabipour ◽  
Hu Shi ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xiangming Hu ◽  
Lei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogel ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Ordinary Water ◽  
Modified Cellulose ◽  
Silica Hybrid

Abstract Wildfires have been recognized as a natural incident in some forests, however, fire season is now more severe and extensive, even in tropical rainforests in which fire could have damaging impacts. A hydrogel is a 3-D polymeric structure encompassing cross-linked and hydrophilic macromolecules. In comparison with water, hydrogels have shown some superiorities in terms of water-binding, cooling, and sealing, which make them be applied in forest fire prevention programs for improving fire-extinguishing performance. In this study, an environmentally friendly phosphorus-modified cellulose/silica hybrid hydrogel was prepared based on the modified methylcellulose by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide–itaconic acid (DOPO-ITA) and silica nanoparticles. The storage (G') and loss (G") moduli increased with the increment of silica nanoparticles content, owing to the role of silica nanoparticles as crosslinking agent. In the fire prevention experiments, the grass treated with the methylcellulose@DOPO-ITA@silica hybrid hydrogel shows self-extinguishing behavior, whereas those treated with ordinary water or methylcellulose hydrogel can be easily ignited after one week. In the firefighting experiments, the methylcellulose@DOPO-ITA@silica hybrid hydrogel displays much shorter extinguishing time and lower consumption volume than ordinary water and the methylcellulose@DOPO-ITA hydrogel. This work presents an environmentally-friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradable cellulose-based hybrid hydrogel for fire prevention and firefighting of wildfires.

scholarly journals Daya Serap Air dan Kualitas Wadah Semai Ramah Lingkungan Berbahan Limbah Kertas Koran dan Bahan Organik

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Jumadil Akhir ◽  
Allaily Allaily ◽  
Dida Syamsuwida ◽  
Sri Wilarso Budi R
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Materials Used

Abstrak. Wadah semai ramah lingkungan merupakan produk yang dibuat dari bahan organik. Bahan organik yang digunakan dapat berupa limbah, sehingga dapat membantu mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan dalam menangani limbah. Di sisi lain penggunaan wadah semai ramah lingkungan mempunyai keuntungan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan polybag berbahan plastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya serap air dan kualitas Wadah Semai Ramah Lingkungan (WSRL) berbahan limbah kertas koran dan bahan organik lainnya. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya serap air berkisar 171. 04 %-223.69%, dengan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Ab (Koran 100% + 8% perekat) dan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan Ac (Koran 100% + 12% perekat). Penggunaan koran 100% menunjukkan WSRL yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Water Absorption and Quality of Eco-Friendly Container Waste from Newsprint and Organic Materials Abstract. Organic seedling containers was produced from organic materials. Organic materials used can be waste, so it can help overcome environmental problems in handling waste. On the other hand, the use of organic seeding containers makes the containers more friendly and has greater advantages compared to polybags made from plastic. This study aimed to determine the water absorption and durability of Environmentally Friendly Semi-containers (EFSC) in greenhouses and fields. The design used in this research was complete randomized design with 2 factors. The results showed that water absorption was 171.04% -223.69%, with the highest value found in Ab (100% pulp + 8% glue) treatment and the lowest was in Ac treatment (100% pulp + 12% glue). Using 100% newspapers showed a stronger WSRL compared to other treatments.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK ORGANIOLEPTIK OTAK-OTAK IKAN YANG DIBERI EDIBLE COATING KARAGINAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ASAP CAIR

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Irma Q Bariah ◽  
Siegfried Berhimpon ◽  
Eunike Louisje Mongi
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
New Type ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Edible coating is a new type of packaging made of biopolymer. The advantages of edible coating is enable to protect the food product, the original appearance of the product can be maintained and the product can be eaten as well as environmentally friendly. The study aim was to look at the organoleptic characteristics of fish cake coated with edible coating of carrageenan were given a liquid smoke. The treatments  given were variation of carrageenan concentration i,e. 0%, 1%, 1,5%, 2%, 2,5%, 3%. The experiment was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). To determine the effect of treatments, the data were tested using organoleptical tests consists of hedonic and texture.The results shown that hedonic test of the appearance and color of the raw sample have significant effect (p>0,05), while the other test showed no significant effect (p>0,05). However, the organoleptical score for taste, smell and texture shown a tendency that the fish cake coated, have  higher score than without coated. Keywords: Edible coating, Carrageenan, Fish cake, Liquid smoke.

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