Low-level bureaucrats, local government regimes and policy entrepreneurship

The main aim of the article was to show the importance of the agricultural tax as a source of own income of rural communes in Poland in 2004-2015. In order to determine the fiscal importance of the tax, the amount and share of income from the agricultural tax in the own income of rural communes were compared to other types of communes. In addition, the amount of income lost due to the agricultural tax was analyzed. The study showed that the agricultural tax as a source of own income plays the most important role in the budgets of rural communes, although the fiscal role of the tax in these local government sector entities is getting smaller. The agricultural taxation system, which is ineffective from the point of view of communes’ financial self-sufficiency and the construction of which is to a very limited extent related to the real amount of production and income in agriculture, is reflected in the low level of own income potential of rural communes.

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Public Distrust and Environmental Citizenship: Primary Impetuses of Radical Protest in Bima District, 2011-2012

Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik ◽

10.22146/jsp.35981 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Rahmad Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Social Movement ◽

Environmental Governance ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Social Protest ◽

The Public ◽

Low Level ◽

Environmental Citizenship ◽

The Social ◽

The Government

This article aims to show how the social movement was conducted in the framework of claiming a number of aspects of citizenship, especially environmental rights and political participation, to the local government. The refusal of FRAT Bima over the extractive policy of the Government of Bima District during 2011-2012 becomes a reflective context of the type of social movement with such a framework. This social protest should be explored further because it used acts of vandalism on some public facilities as the chosen way to fight against the environmental and political injustices. Through a case study, the author aims to explore the sequence of repertoires which were applied sequentially by FRAT Bima’s social protest as well as to examine its linkage with environmental citizenship and public distrust. Despite being closely related to citizens' awareness about environmental citizenship, the occurrence of this anarchist movement was also triggered by the low level of "formal legitimacy" of the local government as a seed of public distrust towards the intentions of environmental governance policy that was about to be applied to make the agricultural land owned by villagers as the site of a certain project of mineral extraction. The lack of the government’s formal legitimacy, which was supported by the growing awareness of environmental citizenship, has led the sequential application of conventional and non-conventional strategies in the demands articulation of FRAT Bima. This sequence of repertoires was held due to the low-level of government's responsiveness in accommodating the public claims about the cancellation of an undemocratic environmental policy.

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Fiscal dependence in a special autonomy region: evidence from a local government in eastern Indonesia

Journal of Economic Development Environment and People ◽

10.26458/jedep.v7i1.574 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elsyan Rienette MARLISSA ◽

Jhon Urasti BLESIA

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Central Government ◽

Fiscal Decentralization ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Positive Contribution ◽

Total Revenue ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Low Level ◽

Average Value ◽

Goods And Services

This research aims to analyse the degree of fiscal dependence of local government upon the central government in the regency of Mimika, one of Indonesia’s eastern regencies. The ratio of fiscal decentralization is used to calculate the local government’s ability to increase its regional revenue in order to support development initiatives in all sectors (Malmudi, 2010). Secondary data of locally-generated revenue and total revenue from the period 2010-2015 are used to measure the degree of fiscal decentralization. The results show that the degree of fiscal decentralization in the regency remained at a low level, reflected from the average value of 12.92 percent with the highest degree, of 25.09 percent in 2012. An analysis of fiscal decentralization in the period 2010 – 2015, indicates that the regency lacked sufficient fiscal capacity, showing heavy dependence upon financing from the central government. The local government is expected to develop the region’s potentiality through creative efforts within their governmental apparatus to increase local revenues. The funds from the central government could provide a positive contribution if used in the consumption of goods and services that potentially support economic activities.

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Can Local Governments in Croatia Cope with more Responsibilities?

Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government ◽

10.4335/11.3.471-495(2013) ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 471-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dubravka Jurlina Alibegović ◽

Sunčana Slijepčević ◽

Zeljka Kordej-De Villa

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Fiscal Decentralization ◽

Fiscal Capacity ◽

Low Level

The decentralization process started in 2001 by broadening the responsibilities of local self-government units and changing the sources of financing public functions. In spite of these steps toward decentralization, today Croatia exhibits low level of fiscal decentralization compared to EU and SEE countries. In the paper we show that large differences in fiscal capacity between local government units and their large reliance on received grants represent one of the main barriers for further decentralization process. Based on the analysis of the results of conducted interviews with representatives of local and regional units, we present recommendations for further process of decentralization.

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Racism, fines and fees and the US carceral state

Race & Class ◽

10.1177/0306396817734785 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 38-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elizabeth Jones

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Urban Communities ◽

Current Practice ◽

Mass Incarceration ◽

Carceral State ◽

Low Level ◽

Race And Class ◽

Government Institutions ◽

The Us ◽

Neighbourhood Level

The size, scope, and implications of the carceral state, particularly for urban communities of colour, are currently grossly underestimated. This article suggests the need to move beyond the traditional debate about mass incarceration in the US to show how the ubiquitous imposition of fines and fees for low-level offences has wide-reaching poverty-enhancing and racially disparate effects. The author argues that local government institutions such as the police and courts, which comprise the carceral state at neighbourhood level, engage in daily practices that reflect the colourblind racism of neoliberalism, including revenue-generation, which necessarily produce and reinforce race and class inequalities. The American state has always managed and controlled black labour; the author compares the imposition of fines and fees in the wake of black Emancipation and Jim Crowism to the current practice of fines and fees functioning within the paradigm of neoliberal colourblind racism.

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Entrepreneurship Orientation in Policy Making

The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation ◽

10.5367/ijei.2016.0210 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 43-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pia Schou Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Organizational Structure ◽

Support System ◽

Local Governments ◽

Policy Making ◽

Contingency Theory ◽

Support Systems ◽

Organizational Factors ◽

Entrepreneurship Policy ◽

Policy Entrepreneurship

This paper examines how the orientation of local governments towards entrepreneurship influences the organization and adaptation of local entrepreneurship policy. Entrepreneurship policy has long been investigated; however, the organizational aspects of policy delivery efforts seem to have gone unnoticed. Adaptability and collaboration are two organizational factors that are central to the configuration of local entrepreneurship support systems. However, as hypothesized in this paper, the level of collaboration and adaptability depends on the entrepreneurship orientation of the local government. In contingency theory, strategy is a determinant of organizational structure, and the entrepreneurship orientation of governments is such a strategy. Based on a survey of 86 (out of 98) municipalities in Denmark, the paper concludes that the more positively oriented the local government is towards entrepreneurship in its policy making, the better the adaptability and collaboration in the entrepreneurship support system.

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STANDARD AND CONFORMITY: THE PERSPECTIVE STRATEGIES OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT’S ROLES IN THE INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS

Yustisia Jurnal Hukum ◽

10.20961/yustisia.v6i2.12484 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dona Budi Kharisma

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

National Standards ◽

Conformity Assessment ◽

Mutual Cooperation ◽

Low Level ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Industry Competitiveness ◽

Asean Economic Community ◽

The One

The Agreement on the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) WTO and The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) The Blueprint envisions the transformation of the WTO and ASEAN region through the facilitation of the free flow of goods and services. With tariffs declining to near-zero levels, non-tariff barriers are increasingly focused on coordination by member-countries. However, the quality of goods / services becomes a central issue that determines the market entry. Therefore, TBT agreement and AEC Blueprint require fulfillment of Standards and Conformity Assessment to guarantee the quality of goods or services. On the one hand, the low level of compliance of business actors in applying SNI (Indonesian National Standards) represents of the low level of Indonesian industry competitiveness in international level. Thus, specific government’s policies are required, one of which is that dealing with the strategic roles of local government to support products manufactured by national industries to break through global markets. Some strategies for strengthening local policies in national standardization include: (a) constructing local regulations governing Standards and Conformity assessment; (b) implementing mandatory SNI to leading local products; (c) Strengthening mutual cooperation between local government and related stakeholders.

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Managing policies for stunting prevention during the COVID-19 disaster: the case of West Sumatra Province

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202133102011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 331 ◽

pp. 02011

Author(s):

Azwar ◽

Muhammad Ichsan Kabullah ◽

Lucky Zamzami ◽

Rifki Dermawan

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Public Support ◽

Strong Support ◽

Policy Management ◽

The West ◽

Government Administration ◽

Prevention Policies ◽

Low Level ◽

West Sumatra ◽

A Priority

The Covid-19 pandemic has had major implications for government administration. Policymakers set policies for handling Covid-19 as a priority agenda at this time. However, these measures have reduced other problems such as stunting which still requires government attention. This article explores policy management of stunting by the local government amid the Covid-19 pandemic with the West Sumatra province case. The findings in the field, show that the implementation of stunting prevention policies is not easy considering the powerlessness caused by budget refocusing and overlapping authorities between institutions. Meanwhile, the meaninglessness is indicated by the low level of public support for the handling of stunting. This is exacerbated by a bureaucratic culture that is slow to implement policies, including in managing stunting-related programs during the Covid-19 crisis. So that there is alienation or what we call as alienation in the bureaucracy in implementing stunting prevention policies. In the end, the management of stunting policies during the Covid-19 pandemic should receive strong support from all involved parties.

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‘It is Not as Easy as ABC’: Examining Practitioners' Views on Using Behavioural Contracts to Encourage Young People to Accept Responsibility for Their Anti-Social Behaviour

The Journal of Criminal Law ◽

10.1350/jcla.2012.76.1.750 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 53-70

Author(s):

Kevin J. Brown

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Young People ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Social Housing ◽

Social Behaviour ◽

Children And Young People ◽

Low Level

This article examines the use of acceptable behavioural contracts as a tool for engendering the voluntary acceptance of responsibility in children and young people perceived to be engaging in anti-social behaviour and low-level criminality. Based on the results of a qualitative empirical analysis with local government and social housing anti-social behaviour teams, the article explores the attitudes of practitioners to the use of this unregulated but commonly utilised intervention. Practitioners' views are contrasted with the ideals of voluntary responsibilisation upon which the contracts are supposedly based. It is argued that there is a spectrum of differing approaches among practitioners, with some using the contracts more to encourage the voluntary acceptance of responsibility, whilst others use them more coercively to hold individuals responsible for their behaviour. The implications of these differing approaches are examined.

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Research on Financing Efficiencies of Strategic Emerging Listed Companies by Six-Stage DEA Model

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2017/3284657 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qiong Wang ◽

Cheng-xuan Geng

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Environmental Influence ◽

External Environment ◽

Listed Companies ◽

Technical Level ◽

Dea Model ◽

Empirical Results ◽

Low Level ◽

Slack Variables ◽

Government Power

Accounting for the information of input slack variables, as well as the effects of external environment and stochastic factors, a six-stage DEA model was proposed based on four-stage DEA model. It was employed to assess the financing efficiencies of 689 strategic emerging listed companies in 2015. By isolating the environmental and stochastic factors, the final efficiencies can reflect the actual financing level of these companies. The empirical results show that most financing efficiencies are still at a low level relatively. The scales of these strategic emerging companies are the main constraint on their development. And the special technical level also has an impact on these efficiencies. In addition, the efficiency difference among provinces in China gives another support to environmental influence on the strategic emerging industry. Therefore, a strategic emerging company should pay attention to expanding its scale of production and heighten its special technical level and it should improve its financing efficiencies with the help of local government power.

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