Veterinary aspects of ecological monitoring: the natural history of emerging infectious diseases of humans, domestic animals and wildlife

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Woodford
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Kejadian Leptospirosis pada Anjing di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (CASE OF CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS IN THE CITY OF YOGYAKARTA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Guntari Titik Mulyani ◽  
Sri Hartati ◽  
Yuli Santoso ◽  
Kurnia Kurnia ◽  
Agung Budi Pramono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, which is caused by Leptospira interrogans. The incidence of leptospirosis in dogs varies according to region and season, and is considered as emerging infectious diseases in humans. Clinical symptoms of leptospirosis in dogs vary greatly, some dogs are asymptomatic, with mild symptoms, and others progress to severe illness until death. The study aims to determine cases of canine leptospirosis in Yogyakarta, and identify the serovar that infect them. A total of 20 dogs without symptoms, with mild symptoms, to severe symptoms of leptospirosis were collected their serum and further tested using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) conducted at the Center for Veterinary Research (BBLitvet) Bogor. History of vaccination is recorded as a consideration in interpreting the MAT results. The results showed that three out of the 20 samples were positive leptospirosis. Of the three positive samples, one was identified as serovar bataviae, another one as serovar bataviae and tarrasovi, and the last as serovar bataviae, tarrasovi, ichterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, celledoni, pyrogenes, cynopteri, and rachmati, respectively. The three dogs with leptospirosis showed similar clinical symptoms i.e. Anorexia, lethargy, and fever. It can be concluded that there are cases of canine leptospirosis in Yogyakarta which is predominantly caused by Leptospira interrogans serovar bataviae. ABSTRAK Leptospirosis adalah penyakit zoonosis, yang disebabkan oleh Leptospira interrogans. Kejadian leptospirosis pada anjing bervariasi menurut wilayah dan musim, dan dianggap sebagai penyakit menular yang muncul pada manusia. Gejala klinis leptospirosis pada anjing sangat bervariasi, beberapa anjing tanpa menunjukkan gejala, dengan gejala ringan, dan yang lain melanjut menjadi penyakit yang parah sampai kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kasus leptospirosis pada anjing di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, dan mengidentifikasi serovar yang menginfeksinya. Sebanyak 20 ekor anjing tanpa gejala, dengan gejala ringan, sampai gejala parah leptospirosis diambil serumnya guna pemeriksaan Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) yang dilaksanakan di Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner (BBLitvet), Bogor. Sejarah vaksinasi dicatat sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam menginterpretasi hasil pemeriksaan MAT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiga dari 20 sampel positif leptospirosis. Satu sampel positif terhadap serovar Bataviae, satu sampel positif terhadap serovar Bataviae dan Tarrasovi, dan satu sampel lagi positif terhadap serovar Bataviae, Tarrasovi, Ichterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Celledoni, Pyrogenes, Cynopteri, dan Rachmati. Anjing yang positif leptospirosis menunjukkan gejala klinis yang sama berupa anoreksia, kelemahan, dan demam. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat kasus leptospirosis pada anjing di Yogyakarta yang penyebabnya dominan oleh Leptospira interrogans serovar Bataviae.

scholarly journals Revisiting the role of a service-Day Hospital in infectious diseases, based on the natural history of HIV infection in the era of potent antiretroviral combination therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
Roberto Manfredi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Outpatient Service ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Care Assistance

On the ground of the analysis of health care assistance performed by an Infectious Diseases Day-Hospital outpatient service operating in a metropolitan area during a 15-year-old time, we assess the evolution of referred disorders, in order to plan eventual future remodeling of the service and structure organization and performances, based one the present and evolving epidemiology of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals FROM THE HISTORY OF STRUGGLE WITH ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS DISEASES ON THE TERRITORY OF RUSSIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
V. M. Avilov ◽  
V. V. Sochnev ◽  
A. A. Gusev ◽  
A. G. Luchkin ◽  
N. V. Barkova
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Veterinary Service ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

Based on archival data on the activities of the veterinary service of the Russian Empire, a list of especially dangerous infectious diseases of domestic animals is given; the role of the veterinary service in the prevention of these nosological forms is shown; the main legislative acts concerning the prevention of infectious diseases of animals are considered.

scholarly journals Experiments to ascertain if certain Tabanidæ act as the carriers of Trypanosoma pecorum

1911 ◽  
Vol 83 (565) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

The study of the trypanosome diseases of domestic animals in Uganda was a branch, and an important one, of the work undertaken by the Commission. Among other points arising in this investigation, the finding, if possible, of a carrier of the various trypanosome diseases was necessary. In the 'Proceedings' of the Royal Society, the Commission published a paper entitle "Trypanosome Diseases of Domestic Animals in Uganda. I.— Trypanosoma Pecorum ." This paper gives full details as to the definition, morphological and cultural characteristics, and distribution in Africa, of Trypanosoma pecorum . A few experiments and experiences of the Commission were also given, which led to the belief that possibly Tabanidæ were the common carriers in Africa of the disease caused in cattle by this trypanosome. With the object of gaining further knowledge on this important problem, the Commission worked in Uganda from January to July, 1910, on the following lines:— 1. An investigation of the biting flies occurring in the vicinity of the laboratory at Mpumu, Chagwe, Uganda. 2. A study of the natural history of these biting flies. 3. Transmission experiments with these flies. 4. A study of the flagellates, if any, natural to these flies.

scholarly journals Revisiting the tuberculosis and leprosy sanatorium era: for the post COVID healthcare in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Abhilash Sood ◽  
Mitasha Singh ◽  
Seema Rani
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Good Food ◽  
Geographical Locations

Leprosy and tuberculosis (TB) are ancient diseases. These have been referred to in the Vedas and Ayurvedic Samhitas too. As no chemotherapy was effective against these diseases till middle of the 20th century, the main line of treatment was good food, open air and dry climate. Open air sanatoriums were formed for treatment and isolation of TB patients. The first sanatorium was founded in 1906 in Tiluania, near Ajmer, followed by one in Almora two years later. In 1909, the first non-missionary sanatorium was built near Shimla. Similarly, social stigma was the reason for creation of leprosy sanatoriums. First leprosy sanatorium was opened in 1925 at The school of tropical medicine, Calcutta and in 1955 the first research centre; The Lady Willingdon leprosy sanatorium, Chingleput (presently central leprosy teaching and research institute). These centers also contributed to knowledge of natural history of the disease and treatment. Subsequently many sanatoriums were set up at geographical locations which were at outskirts of cities, or at hilly terrains.1 One of the major reasons of setting up these sanatoria was to isolate the patients and prevent spread of disease further, in absence of medicines. Later on, many other infectious disease hospitals were also opened up, to cater to patients suffering from other infectious diseases.

scholarly journals The Effects of a Complex Trophic Structure of Mammalian Host Species on the Ecology on Emerging Infectious Diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Leticia Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Community Complexity ◽  
Transmission Factors

The benefit of a complex, intact community for maintaining ecosystem health in the face of emerging infectious disease risk has not been deeply explored. The diversity and distribution of haemoparasites in potential host mammal fauna are virtually unknown, and many diseases endemic to North America are not well understood in terms of transmission factors, prevalence, and contagion. Many of these tick and rodent borne pathogens nowadays are considered to be potential emerging infectious diseases that could spread to adjacent areas and new hosts, including humans, with climate change, land-use shift, and the expansion of distributions of the natural vectors of such haemoparasites. This study examines the effect of mammal community complexity in maintaining ecosystem health with respect to rodent/tick-borne diseases which have a high value for human public health as zoonotic diseases as well as for the unknown natural history of the mammalian community network.

scholarly journals Preliminary study on screening for proteinuria using urine test strips in patients living with HIV at Fann's CHNU in Dakar

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Soumare-Dicko ◽  
Neol Magloire Manga ◽  
Yacouba Cissoko ◽  
A Fofana ◽  
J Tine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
A Prospective Study

Glomerulopathy and other kidney disorders are frequent during the natural history of HIV infection even if their incidence decreased with HAART. They are almost always responsible of proteinuria and/or hematuria. We have conducted a preliminary study on the prevalence of proteinuria screened by urinary strip in PLWHIV followed up at the clinic of infectious diseases at Fann teaching hospital in Dakar. It was a prospective study from August 1st to October 30th, 2008. We enrolled all patients both indoor and outdoor positive for HIV presenting a proteinuria without concurrent urinary infection. We collected sociodemographic data, natural history, factors related to proteinuria and nephropathy. Data entering and analysis were done using Epi Info version 6.04 software. We have used Chi square test to compare qualitative variables and p<0.05 was set as significant threshold. A total of 100 patients were enrolled, the mean age was 43± 9.8 y/o in male and 39± 10 y/o in female. Females were predominant (sex ratio M/F is 0.5). All patients were infected by HIV1, they have been diagnosed at a late stage of immunodeficiency, fifty percent was taking HAART, and the majority using AZT +3TC+ EFV regimen. The prevalence of proteinuria was 47.0%. Factors significantly associated with proteinuria were : the gender ; CD4 count <350/mm3 ; viral load > 100000copies/mm3 ; BMI < 18.5kg/m2 ; Hemoglobin level < 8.5 g/dl, chemoprophylaxis with Cotrimoxazole  and WHO clinical stage 3 and 4. The frequency of nephropathy during HIV infection in infectious diseases ward of Fann in Dakar suggest to include screening with urinary strip in the initial and follow up checking of all patient infected by HIV. And in all cases favoring factors of this nephropathy should be corrected. Kidney biopsy could help for better studies.

Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-251
Author(s):  
Hiroomi Akashi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
History Of

The outbreak of Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Miyazaki Prefecture in 2010 has turned out to be the most striking disaster in the history of animal hygiene in Japan, from the points such as the number of the animals culled and buried or the human resources required until the time of termination. Inquiry committees for FMD countermeasures established by Miyazaki Prefecture and by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries have pointed out the various issues in disease control measures taken during the period starting from the outbreak till the termination. As a result, amendments were made to the Act on Domestic Animal Infectious Diseases Control in April of 2011, and in October, to the Standards of Rearing Hygiene Management. The outbreak of Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Miyazaki Prefecture in 2010 has turned out to be the most striking disaster in the history of animal hygiene in Japan, from the points such as the number of the animals culled and buried or the human resources required until the time of termination. Inquiry committees for FMD countermeasures established by Miyazaki Prefecture and by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries have pointed out the various issues in disease control measures taken during the period starting from the outbreak till the termination. As a result, amendments were made to the Act on Domestic Animal Infectious Diseases Control in April of 2011, and in October, to the Standards of Rearing Hygiene Management. Diseases that cause damage to domestic animals including FMD are presented in this special issue. I hope that this special issue will contribute to the betterment of animal hygiene and furthermore to the enhancement of dietary life. Finally, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the authors and reviewers for their great contributions to this issue.

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