Acetochlor Persistence in Surface and Subsurface Soil Samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 224 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubem S. Oliveira ◽  
William C. Koskinen ◽  
Carrie D. Graff ◽  
James L. Anderson ◽  
David J. Mulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Subsurface Soil

scholarly journals Application of Incremental Sampling Methodology for subsurface sampling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Corriveau ◽  
Jay Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Semivolatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Sampling Methodology ◽  
Heterogeneous Soils ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Incremental Sampling ◽  
Materials Used

Historically, researchers studying contaminated sites have used grab sampling to collect soil samples. However, this methodology can introduce error in the analysis because it does not account for the wide variations of contaminant concentrations in soil. An alternative method is the Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM), which previous studies have shown more accurately captures the true concentration of contaminants over an area, even in heterogeneous soils. This report describes the methods and materials used with ISM to collect soil samples, specifically for the purpose of mapping subsurface contamination from site activities. The field data presented indicates that ISM is a promising methodology for collecting subsurface soil samples containing contaminants of concern, including metals and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), for analysis. Ultimately, this study found ISM to be useful for supplying information to assist in the decisions needed for remediation activities.

scholarly journals Effect of the Grain Size of the Soil on the Measured Activity and Variation in Activity in Surface and Subsurface Soil Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Tabassum Nasir ◽  
Huda Al-Sulaiti ◽  
Patrick Henry Regan ◽  
David Bradley ◽  
Khulud Al-Mugren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Measured Activity

scholarly journals Microbiology and Heavy Metal Content of Wetlands Impacted by Crude Oil Pollution in Rivers State, Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Mebom Princess Chibuike ◽  
N. David Ogbonna ◽  
Williams Janet Olufunmilayo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Wetland Soil ◽  
Subsurface Soil

Wetland soils constitute vast, under-exploited and sometimes undiscovered ecologies in many countries of the World, including Nigeria. A total of 54 wetland soil samples including surface and subsurface soil at depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm were collected using a sterile hand auger for a period of three months between August and October and subjected to standard and analytical microbiological procedures. The wetland soil samples were further subjected to atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to check for presence and concentration of heavy metals. Results obtained showed that apart from heterotrophic bacterial and fungal counts, hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) counts were higher in the surface soil ranging from 12.06±3.43bX107 cfu/g at Iwofe to 6.19±2.67aX107 cfu/g at Chokocho while subsurface soil had HUB ranging from 8.91±6.67aX103 cfu/g at Eagle Island to 4.93±3.95aX103cfu/g at Chokocho. Heavy metals such as Fe, Pb, Cd and Ni were recorded in concentrations above FEPA permissible limit in the surface and subsurface soil across the three wetlands. The heavy metal concentration in each wetland however, decreased with an increase in soil depth. According to literatures, elevated levels of heavy metals in soils decrease microbial population, diversity and activities. However, the microbial population in this study increased with increasing heavy metal concentration which indicates that the microbes can tolerate or utilize heavy metals in their systems; as such can be used for bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Salinity Level and Some Nutrients in Different Depths of Soil at Kalapara Upazila of Patuakhali District

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sabnaj Khanam ◽  
Mohammad Asadul Haque ◽  
Md. Fazlul Hoque ◽  
Md. Tariqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Depths

Salinity intrusion is one of the major environmental issues throughout the world. The spatial variability of salt accumulation through the soil profile was studied at Kalapara Upazila, Patuakhali district, Bangladesh. The soil samples were collected from 30 locations covering six villages: Solimpur, Umidpur, Diaramkhola, Hazipur, Monoharpur and Puranmohipur of Kalapara Upazila, Patuakhali district. From each spot, soil samples were collected from two soil depths (0-5cm and 5-10 cm).The study was therefore consisted (30 locations and 2 soil depths) 60 soil samples. The soils were strongly acidic having mean pH value of 4.11, and 4.83 in 0-5, and 5-10 cm soil depth, respectively. In 0-5 cm soil depth, the EC1:5 values were 5.80 dS/m. The EC1:5 values were drastically reduced to 1.86dS/m in 5-10 cm soil depth. The available P content in 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depth was 21.3 and 24.1 ppm indicating the less availability of P in the surface soil. Available sulphur content found in 0-5 cm soil depth was 28.5 meq/100 g soil ppm which reduced by 63% in 5-10 cm soil depth. The Na+ content in surface soil was 23.03 meq/100 g soils where as in subsurface soil it was 16.7 meq/100 g soils that indicated Na affects plants growth in the study area. With the increase of soil depth exchangeable K content was gradually decreased. Based on the electrical conductivity and different nutrients Monoharpur, Puranmohipur, Diaramkhola village were found seriously affected by salinity.

scholarly journals Imazaquin sorption in surface and subsurface soil samples

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurílio Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Hélio Teixeira Prates ◽  
Derli Prudente Santanna ◽  
Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Júnior
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Subsurface Soil

The objective of this work was to study the sorption and desorption of imazaquin, in surface and subsurface soil samples from Brazil. Sorption and desorption steps were carried out using batch equilibration and high performance liquid chromatography analytical routines. The value of Kf,ads was positively correlated with clay content, and negatively correlated with pH of supernatant. Samples from Typic Haplustox, clayey soil profile having high clay content, provided higher Kf,ads values, and negative correlation with organic carbon, silt content, cation exchange capacity and pH.

scholarly journals Soil Spectral Signature Analysis for Influence of Fertilizers on Two Different Crops in Raver Tahshil

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-663
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Soils as a significant ingredient of terrestrial ecosystems are extremely important in agriculture field. Soil having different physical, biological, chemical properties. Physicochemical soil properties are the basic indicator of soil efficiency, it is strongly related to agronomic output. Soil parameters are very important in soil fertility that helps for plant growth as well as production. The soil quality is uniformly important as crop invention. The primary goal of this research is to use remote sensing techniques to evaluate soil properties. This goal is satisfied by emerging soil analysis on the basis of spectral data collected by FieldSpec4 spectroradiometer. The spectral analysis technique includes soil samples preparation, acquisition of spectral signatures and selection suitable statistical method. In this regard, soil properties and their consequent soil spectral signature measure. Statistical mean and series of processes are performed using View Spec pro Software. In the collected soil samples, surface soil parameters are more reflected than subsurface soil parameters. The spectral reflectance data can be alternative to the traditional methods for determining soil properties.

scholarly journals Geochemical Distribution of Some Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil and Their Environmental Impacts in Kirkuk, Northern Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2A) ◽  
pp. 75-92
Author(s):  
Abbas R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Accumulation Factor ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
High Concentrations

This study is based on agricultural soil samples which are collected along three traverses (A, B, C), near the gypsum quarries located near the village of Bajwan north of Kirkuk city, to conduct a geochemical analysis and determining some heavy elements (Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Sr, Pb, Cd) levels in the surface and subsurface soil horizons, and to indicate the potential sources of contamination with these elements. Accordingly, 30 samples were collected (six samples from travers A, five samples from travers B, and four samples from travers C) from the soil for each of the surface and subsurface levels. The results showed that the average concentrations of most studied elements increased in the subsurface soil compared to the surface soil, as a result of the influence of different geological and environmental conditions on the distribution of these elements in different soil horizons. The concentrations of the studied elements (Co, Ni, Cd) are more than their natural concentrations when compared to the natural abundance of these elements in the earth's crust, which indicates an increase in the concentration of these elements in the soil as a result of the proximity of the study area to the oil industries activities, causing the emission of high concentrations of heavy elements. As well as the traffic density of vehicles, causing the release of high concentrations of some elements. The geo accumulation factor (Igeo) indicates that most of the soil samples within different horizons of most of the heavy elements are uncontaminated to moderately contaminated, and moderately contaminated for cadmium. Also, by calculating the RI and the environmental risk factor (Er), it was found that the relative content of cadmium in soil samples recorded a considerable potential ecological risk to a high potential ecological risk. This indicates high affinity of cadmium in the soil as its infiltration into the subsurface layers.

FLUORESCENT TECHNIQUES IN PETROLEUM EXPLORATION

Geophysics ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack De Ment
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristic ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Location Detection ◽  
Petroleum Field ◽  
Radiation Science ◽  
Existing Data

New methods of petroleum location, detection and analysis, based on the fluorescence characteristic shown by all crude oils are described. A brief review is given of the available techniques and instruments used in fluorochemical analysis, and emphasis is placed on fluorographic exploration by means of subsurface soil samples, as well as the fluorologging of wells. The author has not limited himself to a review of the field, but has also pointed out, on the basis of the existing data of fluorochemistry, approaches to problems in the petroleum field which have proven successful in other branches of radiation science. The paper contains 43 references and 7 illustrations.

scholarly journals Impact of Forest Combustion on Soil Contamination by PAHs Using QuEChERS and GC-MS/MSTQD

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Al Fahd, Marzoq Hadi. ◽  
Al-Sewailem, Mohamed S. ◽  
EL-Saeid, Mohamed Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
The Impact

The present study was conducted in one of the most dense forest area of Asir region located in the southwest of Saudi Arabia to study the Impact of Forest Combustion on surface and subsurface soil contamination by Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The major toxic effects of PAHs including cancers, immunity suppression, loss of fertility, mutagenic and cardiovascular diseases. The extraction and analytical methods, have been developed and validated for quantification of trace levels of 17 PAHs namely, Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Retene, Benzo [b+j] fluoranthene, Benzo (a)pyrene, Benzo [k] fluoranthene, 3-methylchol-anthrene, Dibenz [a,h] acridine, Indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene, Dibenz [a,h] anthracene and Benzo [ghi] perylene. Surface and subsurface soil samples were collected from Alsaqa and Murir post-fire forests in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia, and extracted by Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Triple Quadrupole (GC-MS/MSTQD). The experimental results of 17 compounds of PAHs were highly satisfactory linearity, recovery and precision, especially with the tested soil samples. Recovery % ranged from 96.48±2.19 to 105.61±3.21%., the limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 3.71 to 6.77 µg kg-1. Meanwhile the limit of quantification (LOQ) for the analyzed PAHs were in the range of 10.47 to 16.42 µgkg-1. This method featured good sensitivity, lower quantification limits and the precision of the analyzed 17 PAHs.  The calibration curves were linear over wide concentration ranges with correlation coefficients (r2) 0.7478 to 0.9822 for 17 PAHs analyzed by GC-MS/MSTQD. The concentrations of the investigated PAHs in Alsaqa forest surface (S) and subsurface (SS) soils ranged from F24.81±4.29 to 57.28±3.56 and 24.10±2.31to 55.47±4.15 mg kg-1dry weight respectively. Meanwhile, the PAHs concertation in Murir surface and subsurface soils ranged from 12.48±2.37 to 28.83±3.35 and 12.83±1.37 to 25.59±4.31 mg kg-1 dry weight respectively. Retene compound was detected in Alsaqa, and Murir forest investigated surface, and subsurface soil sample ranged from 57.28, 55.47, and 28.83, 25.59 mg/kg-1(ppm) respectively. Meanwhile, Retene was not detected (ND) in the control surface and subsurface soil sample. The detected PAHs by applying the modified QuEChERS and GC-MS/MSTQD method were applied successfully for the extraction and determination of the 17 PAHs in burned forest soil samples.

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