Digital three-dimensional anthropometry detection of exercise-induced fat mass reduction in obese women

Low-grade systemic inflammation leads to critical alterations of several tissues and organs that can promote the appearance of non-communicable diseases, a risk that is increased in adults with obesity. Exercise training may counteract low-grade systemic inflammation, but there is a lack of consensus on how cytokines are modulated by training in adults with obesity. This study aimed of examining the effects of exercise training on circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in adults with overweight and obesity, and whether exercise-induced fat mass reduction could mediate that effect. The search was conducted on Medline (Pubmed), SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases from January 1998 to August 2021, using keywords pertaining to inflammation, exercise, and obesity. A total of 27 studies were selected, in which the circulating concentration levels of cytokines were analyzed. Endurance training (ET) decreased circulating CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. TNF-α was reduced after resistance and concurrent training (CT), while IL-10 increased after resistance training (RT). Changes in IL-10 and CRP coincided with fat mass reduction, while decreased TNF-α levels were concomitant with changes in IL-6 and IL-10. Exercise training may reduce systemic low-grade inflammation profile in adults with overweight and obesity.

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Body mass reduction markedly improves muscle performance and body composition in obese females aged 61-75 years: comparison between the effects exerted by energy-restricted diet plus moderate aerobic-strength training alone or associated with rGH or nandrolone undecanoate

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1500511 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 511-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A Sartorio ◽

NA Maffiuletti ◽

F Agosti ◽

PG Marinone ◽

S Ottolini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Muscle Performance ◽

Obese Women ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Restricted Diet ◽

Severely Obese ◽

Body Mass Reduction

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of a body mass reduction programme entailing diet caloric restriction and moderate physical activity with or without supplementary treatment with recombinant (r) GH or steroids to improve body composition and muscle performance in severely obese women aged 61-75 years. METHODS: Twenty women were randomly assigned to one of three groups: body mass reduction alone; body mass reduction plus rGH; body mass reduction plus nandrolone undecanoate. Body composition, isotonic muscle strength and anaerobic power output during jumping were determined before and after the 3-week period. RESULTS: Whatever the experimental group considered, body mass (P<0.01), body mass index (P<0.05) and fat mass (P<0.05) decreased significantly, whereas muscle strength and power increased significantly (P<0.05) after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Small body mass reductions after 3 weeks of energy-restricted diet combined with moderate aerobic and strength exercise are associated with significant improvements in upper and lower limb muscle strength and power and reduction of fat mass in severely obese women aged 61-75 years. Although the association of rGH or nandrolone undecanoate does not appear to exert additional effects on body composition and muscle performance attained by body mass reduction alone, further additional studies with larger study groups, different dosages and more prolonged periods are required for definitive conclusions to be drawn.

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Relationship between Visceral Fat and PAI-1 in Overweight Men and Women before and after Weight Loss

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1614860 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 82 (11) ◽

pp. 1490-1496 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

M. Kockx ◽

R. Leenen ◽

J. Seidell ◽

H. M. G. Princen ◽

T. Kooistra

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Energy Deficit ◽

Obese Women ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽

Men And Women ◽

Total Fat ◽

Pai 1

SummaryThis study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between visceral fat accumulation and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in healthy, obese men and women undergoing weight loss therapy. The subjects, 25 men and 25 premenopausal women, aged between 26 and 49 years, with an initial body mass index between 28 and 38 kg/m2, received a controlled diet for 13 weeks providing a 4.2 MJ/day energy deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat. Our results show that before weight loss visceral fat was significantly correlated with PAI-1 in men (r = 0.45; p <0.05), but not in women (r = -0.15; ns). The association between visceral fat and PAI-1 in men remained significant after adjustment for age and total fat mass, and multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant independent contribution of visceral fat to plasma PAI-1 levels. Both visceral fat areas and PAI-1 levels decreased significantly with weight loss in both men and women. Changes in visceral fat area were related to changes in PAI-1 in women (r = -0.43; p = 0.05) but not in men (r = -0.01; ns); however, this association in women disappeared after adjustment for total fat mass. We conclude that there is a relationship between visceral fat and PAI-1 in obese men but not in obese women, and that PAI-1 levels decrease substantially (52%) by weight loss, but this change is not related to changes in visceral fat mass per se.

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Multimodal measurement of body composition change with diet- and exercise-induced weight loss in obese women

Canadian Journal of Diabetes ◽

10.1016/s1499-2671(11)52243-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 204-205

Author(s):

A.R. Josse ◽

S.A. Atkinson ◽

M.A. Tarnopolsky ◽

H. Azizian ◽

J.K.G. Kramer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Obese Women ◽

Composition Change ◽

Body Composition Change ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

Exercise Induced

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Electroacupuncture On Leptin Levels And Body Fat Mass Of Obese Women

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000478499.75842.59 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 654

Author(s):

Carlos S. Pernambuco ◽

Rodrigo Gomes Souza Vale ◽

Artur Bessa ◽

Paula Paraguassú Brandão ◽

Claudio Joaquim Borba Pinheiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Obese Women

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Associations of dietary inflammatory index, serum levels of MCP-1 and body composition in Iranian overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-47523/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nasim Ghodoosi ◽

Atieh Mirzababaei ◽

Elahe Rashidbeygi ◽

Negin Badrooj ◽

Seyedeh Forough Sajjadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fat Mass ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Diet Group ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Obese Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Objective: Although, several studies have illustrated that there is a relation between the between dietary inflammatory index (DII) with obesity-related parameters, and inflammation, their results were controversial results. This study aimed to investigate this relationship among Iranian women. Results: Multivariable linear regression showed that fat mass was 0.14 kg lower in the anti-inflammatory diet group, with respect to the pro-inflammatory group, after adjusting covariates such as age, physical activity, economic and job status (β = -0.142, 95% CI -4.44, -1.71, P = 0.03). Fat-free mass (FFM) was 1.5 kg more in the anti-inflammatory diet group, compared to the pro-inflammatory diet group, after adjusting for potentials cofounders (β = 1.50, 95% CI 0, 3.01, p = 0.05). Furthermore, after adjusting for potentials cofounders, it was revealed that the subjects with lower DII had lower monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in serum (β = -18.81, 95% CI -35.84, -1.79, p = 0.03). These findings suggest an inverse and significant relationship between DII and FFM and also DII is directly related to Fat mass and the level of MCP-1. This finding can be used for developing interventions that aim to promote healthy eating to prevent inflammation and non-communicable disease development among obese female.

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Fat Mass Reduction With Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Insulin Resistance in Heterozygous PPARγ Mutant Rats

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db15-1422 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (10) ◽

pp. 2954-2965 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Valentino Gumbilai ◽

Ken Ebihara ◽

Megumi Aizawa-Abe ◽

Chihiro Ebihara ◽

Mingming Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Adipocyte Hypertrophy

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Exercise training promotes a GDF15-associated reduction in fat mass in older adults with obesity

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00439.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 316 (5) ◽

pp. E829-E836 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hui Zhang ◽

Ciarán E. Fealy ◽

John P. Kirwan

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Human Obesity ◽

Total Fat ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Response To Exercise

Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic disease. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has shown promise as a weight loss agent for obesity in animal studies. In healthy lean humans, fasting plasma GDF15 increases after acute exercise. However, the role of GDF15 in human obesity and the response of plasma GDF15 to exercise training in patients with obesity is unknown. Here, 24 sedentary volunteers with obesity [age: 65 ± 1 yr; body mass index (BMI): 35.3 ± 0.9 kg/m2] participated in a supervised 12-wk aerobic exercise intervention: 1 h/day, 5 days/wk at ~85% maximum heart rate with controlled isocaloric diet. As a result, plasma GDF15 was significantly increased (PRE: 644.1 ± 42.6 pg/ml, POST: 704.4 ± 47.2 pg/ml, P < 0.01) after the exercise intervention. Inconsistent with animal models, ΔGDF15 was not correlated with change in weight, BMI, or resting energy expenditure. However, ΔGDF15 was correlated with a reduction in total fat mass ( P < 0.05), abdominal fat mass ( P < 0.05), and android fat mass ( P ≤ 0.05). Participants with a positive GDF15 response to exercise had increased total fat oxidation (PRE: 0.25 ± 0.05 mg·kg−1·min−1, POST: 0.43 ± 0.07 mg·kg−1·min−1, P ≤ 0.05), metabolic flexibility [PRE: −0.01 ± 0.01 delta respiratory quotient (RQ), POST: 0.06 ± 0.01 delta RQ, P < 0.001], and insulin sensitivity (PRE: 0.33 ± 0.01 QUICKI index, POST: 0.34 ± 0.01 QUICKI index, P < 0.01), suggesting a link between GDF15 and fat mass loss as well as exercise-induced metabolic improvement in humans with obesity. We conclude that the exercise-induced increase in plasma GDF15 and the association with reduced fat mass may indicate a role for GDF15 as a therapeutic target for human obesity.

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Contributions of adipose tissue architectural and tensile properties toward defining healthy and unhealthy obesity

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00476.2013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 306 (3) ◽

pp. E233-E246 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Denise E. Lackey ◽

David H. Burk ◽

Mohamed R. Ali ◽

Rouzbeh Mostaedi ◽

William H. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Proteolytic Enzymes ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Confocal Imaging ◽

Obese Women ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Related Factors ◽

Ecm Remodeling ◽

Stress Signals

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the maintenance of white adipose tissue (WAT) architecture and function, and proper ECM remodeling is critical to support WAT malleability to accomodate changes in energy storage needs. Obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy place a strain on the ECM remodeling machinery, which may promote disordered ECM and altered tissue integrity and could promote proinflammatory and cell stress signals. To explore these questions, new methods were developed to quantify omental and subcutaneous WAT tensile strength and WAT collagen content by three-dimensional confocal imaging, using collagen VI knockout mice as a methods validation tool. These methods, combined with comprehensive measurement of WAT ECM proteolytic enzymes, transcript, and blood analyte analyses, were used to identify unique pathophenotypes of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese women, using multivariate statistical modeling and univariate comparisons with weight-matched healthy obese individuals. In addition to the expected differences in inflammation and glycemic control, approximately 20 ECM-related factors, including omental tensile strength, collagen, and enzyme transcripts, helped discriminate metabolically compromised obesity. This is consistent with the hypothesis that WAT ECM physiology is intimately linked to metabolic health in obese humans, and the studies provide new tools to explore this relationship.

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