Impact of financial development on CO2 emissions: A comparative analysis of developing countries (D8) and developed countries (G8)

The aim of the study is to analyze the causes of the distance of emerging countries to the most developed countries in the world as well as proposals on ways to reduce this distance. A comparative analysis of the results obtained by the study was used for this purpose — the actual results obtained in developing countries were compared with the results obtained in the most developed countries. The analysis presents three dimensions of comparisons, which include: the distance between the countries, the most developed and developing countries, differences in the gap between developing countries and the gap distance within the different categories of indicators within a single country. The study used data for the years 1990—2013, and if it was possible for earlier years.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PPP PROJECTS SECTORAL STRUCTURE IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Facta Universitatis Series Economics and Organization ◽

10.22190/fueo200304014d ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Aleksandar Đorđević ◽

Biljana Rakić

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Private Capital ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

Private Partnership ◽

Sectoral Structure ◽

Economic Infrastructure ◽

Project Structure ◽

Strict Rule

This paper aims to compare the type of public-private partnership (PPP) projects and their sectoral structure in developed and developing countries. This will be done through a comparative analysis of eight countries that belong to the categories of developed and developing countries and besides that implement numerous PPP projects. The results of the analysis indicate that developed countries chosen for this analysis implement more projects and record a higher total value of projects. Their projects are more diversified and apart from economic infrastructure encompass social infrastructure, which does have a higher number of projects, and in some developed countries higher value than economic infrastructure sectors. There is some overlapping between the groups and the sectors as this is not a strict rule that could be applied to all the countries, as each economy is an individual and specific case. As adequate PPP structure leads to economic growth and prosperity of the national economy, it is recommended to adjust the institutional framework, laws and regulations for PPP, attract more private capital, develop basic economic infrastructure and with its help attempt to converge the PPP project structure of developing countries to that of developed countries. The final goal is to have well developed economic infrastructure and then invest more in social infrastructure projects that can affect the wellbeing of all residents in an economy

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MONETARY POLICY, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

The Singapore Economic Review ◽

10.1142/s0217590821410010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

MANSOR H. IBRAHIM

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Monetary Policy ◽

Income Inequality ◽

Income Distribution ◽

Financial Development ◽

Financial Stability ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Financial Indicators ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Effect Of Monetary Policy

The paper empirically examines the redistributive effect of monetary policy and assesses whether financial development plays any role in shaping monetary policy — inequality relations in developing countries. We uncover evidence supporting the redistributive consequences of monetary policy especially in more financially developed countries. We further note that while financial development raises income inequality in countries with low financial development, it leads to a reduction in income inequality in high financial development countries. As a side result, economic growth contributes favorably to income equalization in these countries. Finally, such financial indicators as financial access, financial efficiency and financial stability also condition the impacts of monetary policy on income distribution, although they are independently insignificant. Our results hint that the improvements in information and in efficiency rather than depth and access that would attenuate the negative impacts of contractionary monetary policy on income distribution.

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A comparison of rural crimes in Australia (NSW) and South Africa

International Journal of Rural Law and Policy ◽

10.5130/ijrlp.2.2019.6467 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Willie Johannes Clack

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

United Nations ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The Past ◽

The World ◽

Different Levels

Rural criminology as a topic of scholarly study, neglected over the past two to three decades, has bounced into the spotlight, with claims now being made that rural criminology is receiving justified attention among the academic fraternity. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the major challenge facing two countries with different levels of development as identified by the United Nations Human Development Index. A predicament for rural criminology is that the world is not equal: rural crimes is researched in developed countries but not in developing countries. This paper compares the types and prevalence of agricultural crimes in Australia (NSW) and South Africa to determine whether significant differences or similarities exist.

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Effect of Export Upgrading on Financial Development

Journal of International Commerce Economics and Policy ◽

10.1142/s1793993319500121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 1950012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sèna Kimm Gnangnon

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Quality Improvement ◽

Product Quality ◽

Financial Development ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Product Diversification ◽

Least Developed Countries ◽

Product Quality Improvement ◽

Export Product ◽

Export Product Diversification

Using a panel dataset comprising 137 countries (both developed and developing countries) over the period 1970–2010, this paper has examined the effect of export upgrading (i.e., export product diversification and export product quality improvement) on financial development. The findings suggest that export product diversification and export product quality improvement influence positively and significantly financial development in high income countries (HICs) and developing countries alike. However, for least developed countries (LDCs), export product diversification promotes financial development, but export product quality improvement exerts a negative effect on financial development.

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The Impact of Financial Development on Carbon Emissions: A Global Perspective

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11195241 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 5241 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Chun Jiang ◽

Xiaoxin Ma

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Financial Development ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Emerging Market ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Specific Effect ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Global Perspective ◽

Empirical Results ◽

The Impact

Financial development has been deemed to be an important factor influencing carbon emissions; however, the specific effect generated by financial development is still disputed. In this study, we examined the relationship between financial development and carbon emissions based on a system generalized method of moments and the data of 155 countries, and we further analyzed the national differences by dividing the sample countries into two sub-groups: developed countries, and emerging market and developing countries. The empirical results indicated that from a global perspective, financial development could significantly increase carbon emissions, and the analysis of the emerging market and developing countries reached the same conclusion; however, the results indicated that for developed countries, the effect of financial development on carbon emissions is insignificant. A series of robustness checks were conducted and confirmed that our empirical results were reliable. We suggest that policymakers in emerging market and developing countries should carefully balance financial development and environmental protection, as financial development will promote carbon emissions before countries reach a relatively high development level.

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Optimality of Tax Policy on the Basis of Comparative Analysis of Income Taxation

European Journal of Sustainable Development ◽

10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n1p272 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 272 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

George Abuselidze

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Tax Policy ◽

Income Tax ◽

Main Idea ◽

Well Being ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Income Taxation ◽

Systemic Analysis ◽

Definition Of

This paper is to determine the optimality of taxation based on a comparative analysis of income taxation in developed and developing countries. In our opinion, the main idea of income tax should be the optimal distribution of tax literacy on the basis of a direct definition of income of taxpayers or progressive taxation. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the main provisions of the market economy, classical and modern tax theories, legislative and regulatory acts of foreign countries. The main part of the empirical material is from 2002 to 2017. In the process of analysis of the actual material, together with the general scientific method of research, is used: Comparative and systemic analysis, analogy, statistical data monitoring and other methods. The comparative and systemic analysis will give us an opportunity to reveal and evaluate the ways of perfection. Analogy and comparative analysis is based on variables and features, such as the of income taxes structure, withdrawal rules, rates, tax base. Statistic concept tries to explain the named phenomena by the way of fundamental analyzing of the statistic data received resulted multiple statistic observation. Previous analyses of tax rates tend to support the hypothesis that Developed countries emphasize the importance of fairness, while developing countries are mainly focused on mobilizing budget revenues and lesser consideration of fair taxation principles, since the tax system performs a fiscal function more effectively than developing countries. Keywords: Tax policy, income tax, tax burden, budget, well-being

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Diversity–development nexus: Why determine economic development without diversity? A comparative analysis between developed and developing countries

Society and Business Review ◽

10.1108/sbr-01-2020-0007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 134-150

Author(s):

Saqib Amin

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Economic Development ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Religious Diversity ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Well Being ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Vital Role ◽

Content Type ◽

Developing And Developed Countries

Purpose Diversity plays a vital role in the sustainable development of any country. Discrimination, segregation and bigotry are rampant causes of social evil and do great harm to our society. This study aims to investigate whether ethnic and religious diversity affects the country’s well-being or not, via a comparative analysis between developing and developed countries. Design/methodology/approach This study used a generalized method of moments technique for empirical analysis of 158 developing and developed countries. For measurement of ethnic and religious diversity, this study used ethnic fractionalization index of Alesina (2003). Findings The empirical findings indicate that ethnic and religious diversity both increases the economic prosperity for developed countries, and alternatively, it makes it more miserable for developing countries. This study suggests that organizing a diverse society is a difficult task; thus, developing countries need to promote a cohesive society like developed countries by providing equal, secure and peaceful opportunity to get fruitful results of diverse populations. Originality/value This study investigates a comparative analysis between developing and developed countries regarding impact of ethnic and religious diversity on economic development.

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Trade globalization, economic development and the importance of education-as-knowledge

Journal of Sociology ◽

10.1177/1440783309337674 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 45-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Salvatore J. Babones

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Economic Development ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Survey Data ◽

Returns To Education ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Developed Countries ◽

World Values Survey ◽

Demand For Education ◽

The Face

It is widely asserted that globalization puts a premium on knowledge, but in fact there is no empirical correlation across countries between globalization and returns to education. One reason for this discrepancy may be that education is not everywhere coequal with knowledge. In this article the overall contribution of education to income is modelled as the sum of the contributions of two components of education, education-as-knowledge and education-as-credential. Assuming that the former dominates in developed countries while the latter dominates in developing countries, it is possible to separate these two effects. In a broadly comparative analysis of returns to education in 80 countries using World Values Survey data, globalization is found to be positively associated with education in developed countries but negatively associated with education in developing countries, consistent with the model. These results are robust in the face of controls for the supply and demand for education.

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