scholarly journals Ethnic Disparities and the Psychological Trauma of Maltreated Children: Evidence from Three Multi-ethnic Counties in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guowei Wan ◽  
Huihui Gong
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Western China ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Child Depression ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractThis study aims to discuss the effect of ethnicity on child maltreatment trauma in China and to contribute to international knowledge on the quality of life of children. The data come from a survey of 1763 rural children (Mage = 12.34, 50.0% boys) in three multi-ethnic counties in western China that was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020 with the modified versions of the “Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire” Scale. There are three important findings of this study. First, child maltreatment is significantly related to child depression in China. The depression score and rate of severe depression symptoms (SDS) are 2.09 times and 3.82 times higher, respectively, for maltreated children than children without maltreatment. Second, the effects of maltreatment on child depression differ significantly among the ethnic groups. The negative effect of maltreatment is most influential among the Han population and least influential among the Zhuang population. Third, ethnic disparities are also found in the effects of the influencing factors on child depression. The effect of intergenerational relationships on child depression is significant only in the Han and Tibetan populations, while the negative effect of peer support is found only among Han, Tibetan, and Miao children. Based on the confirmation of ethnic disparities in trauma due to maltreatment, this study suggests that it is necessary to establish a high-quality psychological intervention system in China’s multi-ethnic counties.

P01-341-Socialization aspects in children with stuttering

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 343-343
Author(s):  
L. Samochis ◽  
S. Lazar ◽  
B. Andreica ◽  
F. Iftene
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Child Depression ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Communication Disorder ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Techniques ◽  
Child Depression Inventory

Stuttering, as a communication disorder, is a field of great interest, with many hypothesis regarding its nature and appropriate treatment. Many studies tried to emphasize the bond between stuttering and anxiety. Frequently, stuttering is associated with strong emotional reaction, as anxiety, emphasized by negative consequences of “not being able to talk accurately”. This turns in avoidance of speak and social problems as school difficulties.The aim of this study is anxiety evaluation in children with stuttering through specialized psychological intervention.We applied MASC (Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children) and CDI (Child Depression Inventory) to 20 children diagnosed with stuttering, aged 6–16, from Cluj -Napoca, both at the beginning and at the end of the study. Psychological intervention consisted of two evaluation sessions (one with the parent and one with the child) and ten group sessions (psychodrama and cognitive-behavioral techniques).The results showed a significant decrease of anxiety (p < 0.05), and no difference in depression symptoms (for statistical data we used SPSS 16.0 Program).

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment in Western China: Demographic Differences and Associations with Mental Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyue Zhou ◽  
Yiming Liang ◽  
Jin Cheng ◽  
Hao Zheng ◽  
Zhengkui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Western China ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Status

Background: Child maltreatment has become a serious public health and social problem worldwide. However, knowledge regarding the status of child maltreatment in western China is limited. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the status of child maltreatment in western China and its relationship with mental health. Participants and setting: The present study evaluated child maltreatment in a sample of 1511 children (Mage = 11.48 years) from western China. Methods: The participants completed questionnaires designed to collect demographic information and assess their experiences with maltreatment and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results: In total, 12.3%, 14.0%, 1.3% and 28.1% of the children experienced physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect, respectively, while 186 children (12.3%) experienced multiple types of maltreatment. Boys were more likely to experience maltreatment than girls in most cases. Physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect had unique effects on depression symptoms. Physical abuse, emotional abuse and neglect, but not sexual abuse, had unique effects on anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The children who experienced maltreatment had higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Population-based prevention and educational programs should highlight the serious negative effects of maltreatment, especially emotional abuse and neglect, which have long been ignored in China.

scholarly journals Protocol for a feasibility study and randomised pilot trial of a low-intensity psychological intervention for depression in adults with autism: the Autism Depression Trial (ADEPT)

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e019545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa Russell ◽  
Kate Cooper ◽  
Stephen Barton ◽  
Ian Ensum ◽  
Daisy Gaunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Health Partnership ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

IntroductionHigh rates of co-occurring depression are reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by social communication impairments and repetitive behaviours. Cognitive-behavioural interventions adapted for ASD have been effective for anxiety problems. There have been evaluation studies of group cognitive-behavioural therapy for co-occurring depression, but no randomised trials investigating low-intensity psychological interventions as recommended in clinical guidelines for mild-moderate depression.Methods and analysisA feasibility study comprising a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and nested qualitative evaluation is under way as preparation for a definitive RCT. Participants (n=70) will be randomised to Guided Self-Help: a low-intensity psychological intervention based on behavioural activation adapted for ASD or treatment as usual. Outcomes including depression symptoms, anxiety, social function and service use will be measured at 10, 16 and 24 weeks postrandomisation and will be blind to group allocation for measures that are not self-administered. The analysis will aim to establish the rates of recruitment and retention for a larger-scale RCT as well as the most appropriate measure of depression to serve as primary outcome. The qualitative study will purposively sample up to 24 participants from each treatment group to consider the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention and the trial design.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been received from WALES REC 3 (IRAS project ID: 191558) and the Health Research Authority with R&D approval from Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership and Northumberland, Tyne and Wear Foundation NHS Trusts. To our knowledge, this is the first study of a low-intensity intervention for depression in adults with autism. The results will inform the design of a definitive RCT. Dissemination will include peer-reviewed journal publications reporting the quantitative and qualitative research findings of the study and presentations at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN54650760; Pre-results.

scholarly journals Effects of gap size, gap age, and bamboo Fargesia denudata on Abies faxoniana recruitment in South-western China

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. e025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Kang ◽  
Cheng Tian ◽  
Dongwei Kang ◽  
Mengjun Wang ◽  
Yunxi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Western China ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Abies Faxoniana ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fargesia Denudata

<p><em>Aim of study</em>: to study the effects of gap size, gap age and bamboo <em>Fargesia denudata</em> on natural regeneration of <em>Abies faxoniana</em>, both of which are the ubiquitous dominants in our research area.</p><p><em>Area of study</em>: subalpine coniferous forests in Wanglang Natural Reserve in Southwestern China.</p><p><em>Material and Methods:</em> 10 transect belts were randomly established, and a total of 97 gaps were recorded and used.</p><p><em>Main results</em>: (1) the number of bamboos with coverage of &lt;17% significantly increased with increases of gap size and age, but the latter had little influence on the numbers of <em>F. denudata</em> with coverage of &gt;17%. (2) <em>F. denudata</em> strongly inhibited <em>A. </em><em>faxoniana</em> seedlings and saplings in small, young and old gaps, where the amount of <em>A. </em><em>faxoniana</em> recruitment was relatively abundant, than in other types of gap. (3) The numbers of <em>A. </em><em>faxoniana</em> seedlings in A-gaps, significantly decreased with the increases in gap size. However, in gaps where <em>F. denudate </em>was also present, <em>A. </em><em>faxoniana</em> seedlings and saplings were insensitive to gap size or age. <em>Research highlights</em>: thick <em>F. denudata</em> would not be influenced by gap size or age. Because of the low occurrences of <em>A. </em><em>faxoniana</em> seedlings and saplings, the negative effect of gap size, gap age and <em>F. denudata</em> on <em>A. </em><em>faxoniana</em> recruitment was unclear.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>Abies faxoniana</em>; <em>Fargesia denudata</em>; gap age; gap size; regeneration.</p>

scholarly journals The prevalence and clinical features of depressive syndrome in children with epilepsy in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Rini Sunarwati ◽  
Dwi Putro Widodo ◽  
Bambang Madiyono ◽  
Willy Edith HP
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depressive Syndrome ◽  
Pediatric Epilepsy ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Child Depression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Child Depression Inventory

Background Symptoms of depression often emerge in childrenwith epilepsy, but parents or caregivers are not always able torecognize them.Objective To assess the prevalence and clinical features of de-pressive syndrome among pediatric epilepsy patients in CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.Methods This was a cross-sectional study on children aged 8-18 years. Child Depression Inventory (CDI) was used as theinstrument for assessing depressive symptoms.Results Depressive syndrome was found in 34 out of 89 subjects.The three most frequent depression symptoms were self-deprecation (via peer comparison), indecisiveness, and pessimism.Frequency of seizures, mode of therapy, and EEG result wereimportant factors in the development of depressive syndrome inchildren with epilepsy.Conclusions The prevalence of depressive syndrome in childrenwith epilepsy was 38%. Symptoms of depression mostly found inthis study were self-deprecation (via peer comparison), indecisive-ness, and pessimism

scholarly journals Causal meditation analysis to understand how different components of a complex psychological intervention improved symptoms (or not) of depression in Goa, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Seward ◽  
Stijn Vansteelandt ◽  
Darío Moreno-Agostino ◽  
Vikram Patel ◽  
Ricardo Araya
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Behavioural Activation ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Healthy Activity

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding how and under what circumstances a highly effective psychological intervention, improved symptoms of depression is important to bring this evidence-informed intervention to scale, particularly in resource-poor settings. We aim to estimate the indirect effects of potentially important mediators to improve symptoms of depression in the Healthy Activity Program (HAP) trial.MethodsInterventional in(direct) effects were used to simultaneously decompose the total effect of the intervention on depression symptoms measured through the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The following indirect effects were considered: characteristics of sessions including the number of sessions and homework completed; behavioural activation according to an adapted version of the Behavioural Activation for Depression Short Form (BADS-SF), and extra sessions offered to participants who did not respond to the intervention.ResultsOf the total effect of the intervention measured through the difference in PHQ-9 scores between treatment arms (mean difference: -2.2, 95% bias-corrected CI: -3.2, -0.8), 45% was mediated through improved levels of behavioural activation (−1.0, -1.3, -0.6). There was no evidence to support the mediating role of characteristics of the sessions nor the extra sessions offered to participants who did not respond to the treatment.ConclusionsFindings from our robust mediation analyses, confirmed the importance of behavioural activation in improving depression symptoms. Contrary to published literature, our findings suggest that neither the number of sessions nor proportion of homework completed, improved outcomes. Moreover, results indicate that the extra sessions were insufficient to improve symptoms of depression for participants who did not respond to the intervention.

scholarly journals Update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a maladaptive, pathological response to a traumatic event which is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated. This results in part from a lack of awareness regarding the prevalence of the disorder. It has been estimated that at least one third of the general population will be exposed to severe trauma throughout their lifetime, out of which approximately 10 % to 20 % develop PTSD. A prevalence of 3 % to 6 % of PTSD in the general population, found in several studies, corresponds well with these figures. Both the type of trauma and the personal characteristics of the individual involved are associated with the probability of developing PTSD. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed (DSM-IV) gives four diagnostic criteria: (i) exposure and emotional response to a traumatic event; (ii) reexperiencing; (iii) avoidance; and (iv) increased physiological arousal, along with severe impairment in occupational, social, and interpersonal functioning. The rate of comorbidity with other mental disorders is high, particularly for major depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse. Different types of psychological intervention, including cognitive-behavioral therapy and a host of pharmacological interventions, have been tried. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are currently the most widely researched agents with consistent, though modest, therapeutic effects. Other compounds, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) have also been found to be effective, although their use is limited due to side effects. PTSD is a psychobiological phenomenon in response to psychological trauma, which represents maladaptive neurobiological deregulation and psychological dysfunction, and awaits further recognition and research.

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