Crop Cycle Length Determines Optimal Transplanting Date for Seedlings from Hybrid True Potato Seeds

AbstractThe technology of hybrid breeding in diploid potatoes creates opportunities to design novel and improved cultivation systems based on hybrid true potato seeds. A promising cultivation pathway to produce seed or ware tubers is by transplanting greenhouse-raised seedlings into the field. This study explored the effects of transplanting date and seedling age on tuber yield, using greenhouse-raised seedlings. Field trials with experimental hybrid genotypes were conducted in three consecutive years. In 2017 and 2018, 4- and 6-week-old seedlings were transplanted at four dates: March, April, May and June. In 2019, transplanting dates included April, May and June and seedling age was 5 weeks. In 2018, the March planting experienced severe frost during the initial field period resulting in crop failure. In 2017 and 2019, plants could withstand shorter and less severe frost events. Seedling age did not significantly affect tuber parameters. Transplanting in June resulted in lower marketable yield (> 28 mm) compared with earlier transplanting dates when crops were harvested in September. At full crop senescence, no differences in marketable yield were observed. The optimal transplanting window, taking into account weather-related risks, is approximately between early April and end May. For some genotypes, crop cycle length was observed to be a more important yield-determining factor than transplanting date.

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PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS PENDEKATAN OPEN ENDED PADA MATERI FPB/KPK KELAS IV UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN SISWA DI SD NEGERI TAMBAKREJO 01 SEMARANG

Elementary School: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran ke-SD-an ◽

10.31316/esjurnal.v1i1.1112 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ambar Widianingrum ◽

Joko Sulianto ◽

Rahmat Rais

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Research And Development ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Field Trials ◽

Teaching Materials ◽

Initial Field ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Stage 1

The purpose of this study was to describe the feasibility of teaching materials based on an open-ended approach to improve the reasoning abilities of fourth grade students in elementary schools. This type of research is research and development (Research and Development). The subjects of this study were 3 classroom teachers. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative data analysis (data reduction, data presentation and conclusion) and quantitative descriptive data analysis. Based on the results of stage 1 media validation, it was obtained 84.8%, and the results of stage 2 media validation were obtained 94.8%. The result of material validation for stage 1 was obtained 84.6%, and validation for material for stage 2 was obtained 93.3%. The results of initial field trials obtained media 93.7% and material 92.3%. This shows that the teaching material is declared valid and suitable for use. Based on the results of this study, the suggestion that can be conveyed is that teaching materials based on an open-ended approach can be used as a tool for teaching and learning resources for students.

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Managing Bees for Delivering Biological Control Agents and Improved Pollination in Berry and Fruit Cultivation

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v4n3p89 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Heikki M. T. Hokkanen ◽

Ingeborg Menzler-Hokkanen ◽

Marja-Leena Lahdenpera

Keyword(s):

Crop Protection ◽

Field Tests ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Field Studies ◽

Field Trials ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Dissemination Activity ◽

Grey Mold ◽

Commercial Farms ◽

Disease Pressure

Targeted precision biocontrol and improved pollination were studied Europe-wide in the EU ERA-NET CORE ORGANIC 2 project BICOPOLL (Biocontrol and Pollination). A case study was conducted on the management of strawberry grey mold Botrytis cinerea, with the biocontrol fungus, Gliocladium catenulatum, vectored by honey bees or bumble bees. A joint field trial carried out in five countries targeted strawberry cultivations in open field, and included four treatments: untreated control, chemical fungicide, entomovectored biocontrol, and chemical and biocontrol combined. In organic fields, no pesticide treatments were included. The proportion of moldy berries, and/or the marketable yield of healthy berries were recorded from each treatment, along with other parameters of local interest. A pilot study was started in Finland in 2006, and, by 2012, large commercial farms were using entomovectoring. In 2012, field trials were started in Estonia and in Italy, and in 2013-14, these experiments were expanded to Slovenia and Turkey. In total, 26 field tests were conducted using entomovectoring and Gliocladium catenulatum (Prestop® Mix) on strawberry, with five additional trials on raspberry. Efficacy results have been excellent throughout the field studies. The results show crop protection equalling or exceeding that provided by a full chemical fungicide program, under all weather conditions, and over a wide geographical range (from Finland to Turkey). Under heavy disease pressure, entomovectoring provided on average a 47% disease reduction, which was the same as multiple fungicide sprays. Under light disease pressure, biocontrol decreased grey mold by an average of 66%, which was greater than fungicide sprays. The concept has proven to be effective on strawberries, raspberries, pears, apples, blueberries, cherries, and grapes. A conservative estimate for Finland is that over 500 ha of strawberry cultivation currently use the technique (≈15% of the strawberry growing area). To make full use of the entomovectoring technique, organic berry and fruit growers are encouraged to (i) keep bees, or to hire the service from local beekeepers for entomovectoring; and (ii) manage vegetation within and around the target crop to support the activity of bees and other pollinators, which can help to disseminate the beneficial microbial populations within the crop. Beekeepers are encouraged to (i) market pollination and biocontrol services to fruit and berry growers, and (ii) ensure that all operations are effective in mananging bees and their microbe dissemination activity. Biocontrol product manufacturers are encouraged to further develop products and their formulations specifically for entomovectoring, because current formulations are suboptimal as they are initially optimized for other uses (e.g., mixing into the soil).

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Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Tematik Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Keislaman Kelas VI Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

EDUCARE: Journal of Primary Education ◽

10.35719/educare.v2i1.30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Sumining Sumining

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Core Competencies ◽

Field Tests ◽

Field Trials ◽

Teaching Materials ◽

Initial Field ◽

Post Test ◽

Leadership Class ◽

Thematic Learning ◽

Islamic Values

Development of thematic teaching materials based on Islamic values, especially those related to the contents of the verses of the Alqur'an and / or hadith as the basis of all science. In the available books, there are no thematic teaching materials that are integrated with the Al-Quran and Hadith, as well as Islamic values ??that are able to implement the core competencies of the 2013 curriculum, namely the competence of spiritual attitudes in thematic learning. The formulation of this research is: (1) producing thematic teaching materials based on Islamic values ??theme 7 (Leadership) class 6 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Jember. (2) to determine the effectiveness of thematic teaching materials based on Islamic values ??in learning. This study uses a research and development research type, the Borg and Gall model which is divided into 10 steps, namely: (1) research and data collection (2) planning, (3) product draft development, (4) initial field trials, ( 5) revising the results of trials, (6) field trials, (7) improving products from field tests, (8) conducting field trials, (9) improving product results, and (10) disseminating and implementing. The testing technique was carried out by comparing the pre-test and post-test values. The data was calculated using the t-test and processed using the SPSS application to determine the effectiveness of teaching materials. The results of this study indicate: the validation test produces an average of 88.79% with the criteria that the book is very suitable for use in learning. In terms of attractiveness, this book is very interesting to use for students, this is based on the results of the questionnaire data given to students with an average of 88.24% with very attractive qualifications. Meanwhile, from the results of the pre-test and post-test based on the t count which shows that it is greater than the t table, it means that the book is effective for use in learning. Keywords: Teaching Materials; Thematic Learning; Islamic Value Pengembangan bahan ajar tematik berbasis nilai keislaman, terutama yang terkait dengan isi ayat Alqur'an dan/atau hadits sebagai dasar dari semua sains. Dalam buku yang telah tersedia tidak ada bahan ajar tematik yang terintegrasi dengan Al-Quran, dan Hadits, serta nilai-nilai Islam yang mampu mengimplementasikan kompetensi inti dari kurikulum 2013 yaitu kompetensi sikap spiritual dalam pembelajaran tematik. Perumusan penelitian ini yaitu: (1) menghasilkan bahan ajar tematik berbasis nilai keislaman tema 7 (Kepemimpinan) kelas 6 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 2 Jember. (2) mengetahui efektifitas bahan ajar tematik berbasis nilai-nilai keislaman dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian pengembangan Research and Development, model Borg and Gall yang terbagi menjadi 10 langkah, yaitu: (1) penelitian dan pengumpulan data (2) perencanaan, (3) pengembangan draf produk, (4) uji coba lapangan awal, (5) merevisi hasil uji coba, (6) uji coba lapangan, (7) penyempurnaan produk hasil uji lapangan, (8) uji pelaksanaan lapangan, (9) penyempurnaan produk hasil, dan (10) diseminasi dan implementasi. Teknik uji coba dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai pre-test dan post-test. Data dihitung dengan uji-t dan diolah menggunakan aplikasi SPSS untuk mengetahui efektifitas bahan ajar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: uji validasi tersebut rata-rata menghasilkan 88,79 % dengan kriteria bahwa buku tersebut sangat layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Dari segi kemenarikan, buku ini sangat menarik untuk digunakan pada siswa, hal ini berdasarkan dari hasil data angket yang diberikan kepada siswa dengan rata-rata 88,24% dengan kualifikasi sangat menarik. Sedangkan dari hasil pre-test dan pos-test berdasarkan uji t hitung yang menunjukan lebih besar dari t tabel, berarti buku tersebut efektif untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Kata Kunci: Bahan Ajar; Pembelajaran Tematik; Nilai Keislaman

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Pengembangan Media Booklet Berbasis Potensi Lokal Kalimantan Barat Pada Materi Keanekaragaman Hayati Pada Siswa Kelas X di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak

Pedagogi Hayati ◽

10.31629/ph.v3i1.1068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 44-52

Author(s):

Eti Setyaningsih ◽

Ari Sunandar ◽

Anandita Eka Setiadi

Keyword(s):

Core Competencies ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Model Development ◽

Field Trials ◽

Local Potential ◽

Limited Information ◽

Initial Product ◽

Initial Field ◽

Student Responses ◽

Basic Competencies

ABSTRACT. Based on the results of interviews with biology teachers of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak, that not implemented yet local potential based learning is because of limited information. This research aims to develop local potential of West Kalimantan based booklet media on biodiversity material in Grade X of SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak.. Media development of this booklet used the Brog&Gall model development method, with stages:(1) Research and data collection,(2) planning,(3) Initial product development,(4) Initial field trials,(5) initial product repairs, and (6) field trials. The results research phase (1) that the book and worksheets teacher have not shown local potential, stage (2) the designed booklet contains core competencies, basic competencies, indicators, objectives, contents, evaluations, and bibliography, stage (3) shows the validity booklets on language aspects 85.3% (very valid), material aspects 95.3% (very valid) and media aspects 90.6% (very valid), stage (4) student responses was 85,7% (very positive) and the teacher's response was 88.7% (very positive). Then stage (5) and stage (6), student responses 90.0% (very positive) and teachers 90.4% (very positive), it concluded that developed booklet media valid and received very positive response from students and teachers.

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Season-Long Dose–Response of Potato to Sulfometuron

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-06-191.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 521-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pamela J. S. Hutchinson ◽

Don W. Morishita ◽

William J. Price

Keyword(s):

Return Loss ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Logistic Models ◽

Field Trials ◽

Tuber Quality ◽

Initial Attempt ◽

Single Degree Of Freedom ◽

Net Return ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Effect Level

Field trials were conducted to determine potato response to parts per trillion (ppt) per weight concentrations of sulfometuron in soil. The herbicide was applied to achieve targeted, 0-d soil concentrations of 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, and 960 ppt. Russet Burbank potatoes were planted immediately after application using standard agronomic practices. Based on midseason visual evaluations, root and tuber injury occurred with 0-d concentrations of only 7.5 ppt. Concentrations at or above 120 ppt caused a significant increase in number of tubers with deformities compared with the control. By the end of the growing season, 0-d concentrations between 120 and 240 ppt resulted in higher percentages of tubers with deformities, such as cracks, knobs, or folds. Using logistic models fit to U.S. No. 1 tuber yield and net return data, doses of 74, 156, and 324 ppt are predicted to result in 5, 10, and 20% U.S. No. 1 yield reductions, respectively. The model predicted a 20% net return loss, approximately $160/ha, occurring at 262 ppt, which is near the 240 ppt concentration determined by standard ANOVAs and means comparisons with single degree of freedom contrasts causing significant tuber quality and yield reductions in our study. Growers using the 240 ppt concentration as an indicator of a no-effect level would encounter actual losses too great to withstand. This modeling approach provides an initial attempt at giving growers the tools necessary for assessing potential losses.

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PENGEMBANGAN BUKU AJAR DAN KURIKULUM MUATAN LOKAL BAHASA KUTAI BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KEC. TENGGARONG

VOX EDUKASI Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan ◽

10.31932/ve.v12i1.1013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 94-103

Author(s):

Muhammad Zainuddin ◽

Silvana Kardinar Wijayanti

Keyword(s):

Elementary Schools ◽

Data Collection ◽

Research And Development ◽

Mother Tongue ◽

Field Trials ◽

Dissemination And Implementation ◽

Initial Field ◽

Local Content ◽

Dissemination And Implementation Research ◽

Product Improvement

ABSTRAKBanyak bahasa di Dunia sudah mengalami kepunahan, kepunahan dalam bahasa khususnya bahasa ibu menjadi aspek fokus dalam pengajaran bahasa sebagai muatan lokal di sekolah. Upaya pemertahanan ini diwujudkan dalam pengembangan kurikulum dan buku ajar. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kurikulum dan buku ajar muatan lokal Bahasa Kutai di Sekolah dasar di Kec. Tenggarong Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian, penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode angket, observasi, interview.adapun langkah penelitian sebagai berikut penelitian dan pengumpulan data kuisioner pada sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Tenggarong, perencanaan pembuatan buku, pengembangan draf produk buku ajar, uji coba lapangan awal pada sekolah dasar, revisi hasil, uji coba lapangan, penyempurnaan produk hasil, uji pelaksanaan lapangan, penyempurnaan produk akhir, diseminasi dan impelementasi, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Buku ajar sudah layak digunakan dengan prosentasi validasi 80% dan 79%, tampilan fisik buku 78%( baik), Materi 79% (baik) dan Penggunaan Bahasa 79% (baik), secara keseluruhan rata-rata keterbacaan peserta didik adalah 78.67% (baik).Kata Kunci: Pengembangan kurikulum, buku ajar, Bahasa Kutai ABSTRACTThere are many languages in the world have experienced extinction, extinction in languages, especially mother tongue, has become a focus aspect in language teaching as a local content in schools. This defense effort is manifested in the development of curricula and textbooks. Therefore, this study aims to develop curricula and textbooks for local content in the Kutai language in elementary schools in the district. Tenggarong This research is included in the type of research, research and development (research and development). Data collection was carried out using the questionnaire method, observation, interview. The research steps were as follows: research and data collection of questionnaires in elementary schools in Tenggarong District, planning for making books, developing draft textbook products, initial field trials in elementary schools, revising results, field trials, product improvement results, field implementation tests, final product improvement, dissemination and implementation, research results show that textbooks are suitable for use with validation percentages of 80% and 79%, physical appearance of books is 78% (good), material 79% (good) and Language Usage 79% (good), the overall average readability of students was 78.67% (good).Keywords : Curriculum development, teaching textbook, Kutai language

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The Optiscope Enlarger: A Report of Initial Field Trials

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ◽

10.1177/0145482x7206600908 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 66 (9) ◽

pp. 320-322

Author(s):

George O. Hellinger ◽

Arthur W. Berger

Keyword(s):

Word Reading ◽

Low Vision ◽

Reading Difficulties ◽

Field Trials ◽

Initial Field ◽

Low Vision Aids ◽

Home Reading ◽

Room Illumination ◽

Do So ◽

At Home

□ 1. Thirty consecutively selected low vision patients were evaluated on their performance in viewing a standard near-point chart and selected materials. This was done unaided and then with their customary low-vision aid, first hand-held and then viewed in the Optiscope Enlarger. 2. All subjects demonstrated an ability to read smaller point chart type and to do so at a greater distance with the Optiscope Enlarger. Varied responses on the selected materials might be attributable to word reading difficulties or the effect of the causative defect. 3. Some subjects did better without their low-vision aids or went to distance prescription lenses while using the Optiscope Enlarger. Use of this type of device indicates the necessity for testing for greater distance than normally associated with low-vision aids. 4. Responses of the subjects were 18 favorable, five questionable, and seven negative. It was found that room illumination had to be varied in certain cases. 5. Use of this device would permit simultaneous viewing by parent and child at home, reading at more normal distances, greater word and phrase span, and the viewing of technical diagrams. 6. The results of this evaluation indicate that the Optiscope Enlarger is of substantial value and warrants further investigation.

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Critical Period of Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Removal in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450007689x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 528-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R. Baziramakenga ◽

Gilles D. Leroux

Keyword(s):

Critical Period ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Field Trials ◽

Quebec City ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Elytrigia Repens ◽

Medium Level ◽

High Level ◽

Loss Level

Field trials were carried out in 1989 and 1990 at St-Augustin, near Québec City, Canada, to determine the critical periods of quackgrass control in potato submitted to three levels of infestation. Potato yield losses due to quackgrass interference increased with quackgrass infestation and length of duration of interference. Quackgrass interference influenced marketable tuber yields more than total tuber yields. Duration of the critical period varied depending on the level of quackgrass infestation and year. Based on an arbitrary 5% level of marketable yield loss, the critical period started at ca. 15 days after emergence (DAE) of potato at low level of infestation, and at ca. 3 DAE at medium level of infestation. At high level of infestation, the critical period began prior to the emergence of potato. The end of the critical period of quackgrass removal was extremely variable across quackgrass infestation level and year and ranged from 23 to 68 DAE of potato at a 5 % yield loss level. It appears that onset of interference varied less than the end of it, indicating that early quackgrass control is necessary to prevent yield loss.

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Divergent selection and genetic introgression shape the genome landscape of heterosis in hybrid rice

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1919086117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (9) ◽

pp. 4623-4631 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zechuan Lin ◽

Peng Qin ◽

Xuanwen Zhang ◽

Chenjian Fu ◽

Hanchao Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Rice ◽

Field Trials ◽

Hybrid Breeding ◽

Genetic Introgression ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Landraces ◽

Rice Hybrid ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Two Populations ◽

Positive Effect

The successful application of heterosis in hybrid rice has dramatically improved rice productivity, but the genetic mechanism for heterosis in the hybrid rice remains unclear. In this study, we generated two populations of rice F1hybrids with present-day commercial hybrid parents, genotyped the parents with 50k SNP chip and genome resequencing, and recorded the phenotype of ∼2,000 hybrids at three field trials. By integrating these data with the collected genotypes of ∼4,200 rice landraces and improved varieties that were reported previously, we found that the male and female parents have different levels of genome introgressions from other rice subpopulations, includingindica,aus, andjaponica, therefore shaping heterotic loci in the hybrids. Among the introgressed exogenous genome, we found that heterotic loci, includingGhd8/DTH8,Gn1a, andIPA1existed in wild rice, but were significantly divergently selected among the rice subpopulations, suggesting these loci were subject to environmental adaptation. During modern rice hybrid breeding, heterotic loci were further selected by removing loci with negative effect and fixing loci with positive effect and pyramid breeding. Our results provide insight into the genetic basis underlying the heterosis of elite hybrid rice varieties, which could facilitate a better understanding of heterosis and rice hybrid breeding.

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Reproductive Cold Stress Tolerance in Sorghum F1 Hybrids is a Heterotic Trait

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9090508 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 508

Author(s):

André Schaffasz ◽

Steffen Windpassinger ◽

Rod Snowdon ◽

Benjamin Wittkop

Keyword(s):

Cold Stress ◽

Cold Tolerance ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Field Trials ◽

Hybrid Breeding ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

Poor Seed ◽

High Heritability

The sensitivity of sorghum to pre-flowering cold stress, resulting in reduced pollen viability and poor seed set, is a major constraint for expanding growing areas into higher altitudes and latitudes. Nevertheless, compared to juvenile cold tolerance, reproductive cold tolerance in sorghum has received much less attention so far, and very little is known about its inheritance in F1-hybrids. We have composed a representative factorial (n = 49 experimental F1-hybrids) for a comprehensive study on heterosis and combining ability for crucial tolerance traits as spikelet fertility (panicle harvest index), seed yield and pollen viability, using field trials in stress- and control environments in Germany and Mexico as well as climate chamber experiments. Our results indicate a heterotic and rather dominant inheritance of reproductive cold tolerance in sorghum, with strong effects of female general combining ability (GCA) on F1-hybrid performance in our material. These findings, together with the comparatively low contribution of specific combining ability (SCA) effects and high heritability estimates, suggest that robust and efficient enhancement of reproductive cold tolerance is feasible via hybrid breeding.

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