Synthesis of Phytosteryl Esters by Using Alumina-Supported Zinc Oxide (ZnO/Al2O3) from Esterification Production of Phytosterol with Fatty Acid

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghe Meng ◽  
Qiuyue Pan ◽  
Tiankui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phytosteryl Esters

Applications of ZnO and MgO Nanoparticles in Reducing Zinc Pollution Level in Rubber Manufacturing Processes: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Mohammad Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Mgo Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Zno Particles

Background: Rubber vulcanization is a consolidated chemical process to enhance the mechanical properties of the polymeric material by sulfur crosslinking of the polymer chains, such as rubber. Vulcanization Activators are important rubber processing additives that activate sulfur cure and improve the efficiency of sulfur-based cure systems. The most common activator is zinc fatty acid ester that is often formed in-situ by the reaction of fatty acid with zinc oxide. Although zinc is one of the less harmful heavy metals, according to European Council Directive 2004/73/EC, the reduction of zinc level in the environment has become an important task because of its toxic effect on aquatic organisms. : The current study reviews the research achievements in the field of reducing the consumption of micronutrients of ZnO particles based on the use of nanoparticles instead of them in the polymer industry. Among the proposed methods, due to the less environmental effects of magnesium oxide, the use of MgO nanoparticles instead of zinc oxide has also achieved good results. Objective: The aim of this paper is considering suggested different methods on the reduction of using ZnO particles in related industries, the use of ZnO nanoparticles has had better results than its particles. In addition, due to the less environmental effects of magnesium oxide, magnesium oxide nanoparticles can be used instead of micronutrients of zinc oxide. Overall, the results of various investigations show that reducing the diameter of the zinc oxide particles reduces the amount required for curing the rubber and thus reduces its toxic effects. Also, the use of magnesium oxide nanoparticles instead of zinc oxide in different concentrations is investigated.

Transesterification of Kapok Seed Oil (Ceiba pentandra) Using Heterogeneous Catalyst Bimetallic Oxide of Zinc and Copper Supported by γ-Alumina

2020 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Nyoman Puspa Asri ◽  
W.D. Prasetiyo ◽  
A. Kafidhu ◽  
A. Atiqoh ◽  
E.A. Puspitasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Acid Methyl

Biodiesel was produced from Kapok seed (Ceiba pentandra) oil (KSO) using heterogeneous bimetallic oxide of copper and zinc supported by γ-alumina. The Alumina-supported copper oxide-zinc oxide (CuO-ZnO γ /- Al2O3) further notated by ACZ was synthesized using precipitation, impregnation and gel methods. It also was characterized using the X-ray diffraction (X-RD), and Brunauwer-Emmett Teller (BET) methods. Before being transesterified, KSO was subjected to pretreatment with the aim of minimizing gum and other impurities and reducing the concentration of free fatty acids. The activity test of ACZ catalyst was done by introducing it through the transesterification process of KSO with methanol. The transesterification process was carried out in a laboratory scale three neck flask. The effect of calcinating temperature (°C), and calcinating time of catalyst (h) on the yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) were studied, respectively. The results revealed that the kapok seed oil was worthy and potentially to transesterified into biodiesel using ACZ catalyst with highest FAME yield of 46.67%.

Dispersion of Channel Gas Black in Rubber. Effect of Stearic Acid and Other So-called Dispersing Agents

1935 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-482
Author(s):  
C. R. Park ◽  
V. N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Zinc Stearate ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Principal Effect ◽  
Dispersing Agents

Abstract THE completeness of wetting of carbon black by rubber, the consequent state of dispersion of the black, and the effect of the surface forces in the development of reënforcement of the rubber have been the subjects of much deliberation and experimentation. Of special interest has been the effect of stearic acid upon the dispersing power of rubber for carbon black. On the basis of Green's observation (6) that the dispersion of zinc oxide which had previously flocculated in kerosene resulted in a pronounced softening of the mixture, Goodwin and Park (5) concluded that stearic acid has little effect upon the dispersion of carbon black in rubber. They pointed out that stearic acid has a slight softening action in uncured stock and in cured stock containing no zinc oxide, and that the addition of fatty acid to a stock containing no zinc oxide affects its physical properties adversely. Although they considered that these facts furnished slight indications of a dispersing effect by the stearic acid, these authors offered no convincing evidence of the dispersing effect of stearic acid on carbon black in rubber. For various reasons, including the fact that the plasticity of uncured black stocks is not materially affected by the presence of zinc stearate, Goodwin and Park also concluded that zinc stearate is not a dispersing agent for blacks. In fact, they postulated that the effect of zinc stearate, if any, is to decrease the wetting of the black by the medium and hence to cause flocculation. Since the combined addition of zinc oxide and stearic acid to a rubber-sulfur mix results in an improvement in properties, these investigators were finally led to the conclusion that the principal effect of these soap-forming agents in a carbon black stock is on the curing properties of the rubber itself rather than on the dispersion of the black.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Mushroom or Vitamin D2-Enriched Mushroom Powders on Gastrointestinal Health Parameters in the Weaned Pig

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3603
Author(s):  
Alison Dowley ◽  
Torres Sweeney ◽  
Eadaoin Conway ◽  
Stafford Vigors ◽  
Supriya Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Nutrient Transporters ◽  
Cytokine Gene

The objective of this study was to compare the molecular, physiological and microbial effects of mushroom powder (MP), vitamin D2 enriched mushroom powder (MPD2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in pigs post-weaning. Pigs (four pigs/pen; 12 pens/treatment) were assigned to: (1) basal diet (control), (2) basal diet + ZnO, (3) basal diet + MP (2 g/kg feed) and (4) basal diet + MPD2 (2 g/kg feed). Zinc oxide supplementation improved the feed intake (p < 0.001); increased the caecal abundance of Lactobacillus (p < 0.05); increased the villus height (p < 0.05) in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum; increased the expression of chemokine interleukin 8 (CXCL8; p < 0.05); and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene interleukin 6 (IL6; p < 0.05), tumour necrosis factor (TNF; p < 0.05), nutrient transporters peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1; p < 0.05) and fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2; (p < 0.05) in the duodenum. Whereas dietary supplementation with MPD2 improved the gastrointestinal morphology (p < 0.05); increased the total volatile fatty acid concentrations (p < 0.05); increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine gene interleukin 10 (IL10; p < 0.05) and nutrient transporters SLC15A1 (p < 0.05), FABP2 (p < 0.05) and vitamin D receptor (VDR; p < 0.05); and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene IL6 (p < 0.05), it adversely affected average daily feed intake (ADFI; p < 0.001) and average daily gain (ADG; p < 0.05). Mushroom powder supplementation had a positive impact on gastrointestinal morphology (p < 0.05) and upregulated the expression of nutrient transporters SLC15A1 (p < 0.05) and FABP2 (p < 0.05) and tight junction claudin 1 (CLDN1) (p < 0.05) compared to the controls but had no effect on the expression of inflammatory markers (p > 0.05). Furthermore, MP reduced ADFI (p < 0.01); however, this did not negatively impact the ADG (p > 0.05). In conclusion, MP and MPD2 have limited use as commercial feed additives in replacing ZnO in pig diets as feed intake was reduced post-weaning.

Effects of nanorod structure and conformation of fatty acid self-assembled layers on superhydrophobicity of zinc oxide surface

2007 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Badre ◽  
P. Dubot ◽  
Daniel Lincot ◽  
Thierry Pauporte ◽  
Mireille Turmine
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Self Assembled

Formation of ionic bonds between a fatty-acid Langmuir–Blodgett monolayer and a zinc oxide substrate

2010 ◽  
Vol 352 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Ikegami ◽  
Takashi Sugimoto ◽  
Takashi Yoshiyama ◽  
Keigou Maejima ◽  
Hajime Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett ◽  
Ionic Bonds ◽  
Oxide Substrate

Effective optical nanoparticles and nanocomposites based on a carbon nanotubes-organic—inorganic nanohybrid for industrial pollutant removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-865
Author(s):  
Adil Alshoaibi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactions ◽  
Zinc Aluminum Oxide

Improving the optical properties of zinc oxide to meet the practical requirements of photocatalytic reactions and solar cells is an ongoing challenge. To address this challenge, different nanostructures of ZnO were prepared from an organic—inorganic-CNTs nanohybrid. The nanohybrid was formed through intercalation of the long chain fatty acid C17H35COOH and carbon nanotubes into Zn–Al nanolayered structures. X-ray diffraction revealed an increase in the interlayer spacing of the Zn–Al layered double hydroxides from 0.75 nm to 2.1 nm after admixing with the CNTs and organic fatty acid. Thermal analyses and FTIR confirmed the formation of the CNTs–C18–Zn–Al nanohybrid. Three different thermal treatments were used to transform the nanohybrid into nanostructures of doped zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc aluminum oxide nanocomposites. As a result of changes in the nano size and structure, the band gap energy of the products decreased from 3.3 eV to 1.8 eV, to give efficient photocatalysts. The nanomaterials were used to purify water through the photocatalytic degradation of colored pollutants under UV light. A kinetic study showed that water purification was achieved within a short time, demonstrating the effectiveness of the nanomaterials. The nanohybrid and its derivatives are attractive materials for designing-efficient photocatalysts for pollutant degradation.

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