scholarly journals Aronia melanocarpa Ameliorates Adrenal Cytoarchitecture Against the Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Savici ◽  
Romeo Teodor Cristina ◽  
Diana Brezovan ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
Cornel Balta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Molecular Assessment ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gene Expression Levels ◽  
Apoptotic Cascade

Abstract Hexavalent chromium is a toxin that penetrates the cell, triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Aronia melanocarpa, due to its proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, and phenolic acid contents, is a valuable antioxidant. The aim was to observe the influence of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) on the adrenal gland, and if this impact can be recovered by the administration of A. melanocarpa. Accordingly, 36 rats were divided into six groups: control; Aronia; Cr receiving Cr(VI) in distilled water for 3 months; CrA receiving a mix of Cr(VI) and A. melanocarpa at 2.5% aqueous extract for 3 months; Cr2 receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, and next, for 1 month, only distilled water; and respectively, CrA2 receiving, for 3 months, Cr(VI) in distilled water, followed by 1 month of Aronia at 2.5% extract administration. The adrenal gland samples were examined toward histological and molecular assessment, and results were statistically analyzed (ANOVA). Hexavalent chromium induced changes in the adrenal cortex expressed by focal or diffuse hypertrophies, cytoplasmic vacuolization (due to lipidic accumulation), and cells’ shape and size alteration, including necrosis. These structural alterations were carried by Bax and Bcl2 gene expression: the Bax gene expression levels, increased significantly (p < 0.001) in all experimental groups, except the Aronia group, compared with control. In the Cr2, CrA, and CrA2 groups, notable reduction of Bax gene expression (p < 0.001) was reported compared with the Cr group. Regarding the Bcl2 gene expression (p < 0.001), a significant increase was observed in the experimental groups, compared with the control. The Bcl2 expression level had a similar pattern to Bax gene, consequently trying to compensate its overexpression. Aronia administered concomitantly, or after Cr(VI), diminished structural changes and expression of the studied genes, thus reducing the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and suggesting that the active ingredients from Aronia are capable of blocking apoptotic cascade induced by the pathway of Bax and Bcl2 proteins.

Association between Quantitative MR Markers of Cortical Evolving Organization and Gene Expression during Human Prenatal Brain Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Vasung ◽  
Chenying Zhao ◽  
Matthew Barkovich ◽  
Caitlin K Rollins ◽  
Jennings Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Quantitative Mr ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Abstract The relationship between structural changes of the cerebral cortex revealed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and gene expression in the human fetal brain has not been explored. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that relative regional thickness (a measure of cortical evolving organization) of fetal cortical compartments (cortical plate [CP] and subplate [SP]) is associated with expression levels of genes with known cortical phenotype. Mean regional SP/CP thickness ratios across age measured on in utero MRI of 25 healthy fetuses (20–33 gestational weeks [GWs]) were correlated with publicly available regional gene expression levels (23–24 GW fetuses). Larger SP/CP thickness ratios (more pronounced cortical evolving organization) was found in perisylvian regions. Furthermore, we found a significant association between SP/CP thickness ratio and expression levels of the FLNA gene (mutated in periventricular heterotopia, congenital heart disease, and vascular malformations). Further work is needed to identify early MRI biomarkers of gene expression that lead to abnormal cortical development.

scholarly journals Aronia Melanocarpa Antioxidant Potential against Chromium VI Induced Morphological Changes in Endocrine Pancreas

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Jelena Savici ◽  
Diana Brezovan ◽  
Florin Muselin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Phenolic Constituents

AbstractHexavalent chromium is known as strong oxidizing agent, enters the cells easily and generates reactive oxygen species. It was demonstrated that Cr VI is toxic for liver, kidney, skin, nervous system, female and male reproductive systems. However, chromium effects on pancreas are less studied.Aronia melanocarpa fruits are rich in phenolic constituents: anthocyanins, procyanidins and phenolic acids, which demonstrated to have anti-oxidative, anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activities.Considering the aforesaid the present study was carried out in idea to see if Cr VI induces structural changes in pancreas, given it’s property of inducing ROS formation in cells, and if aronia extract can play a protective role.The study was carried out on white Wistar rats divided in 5 groups and exposed as follows: C – control –distilled water, Cr group – potassium dichromate, hexavalent chromium compound, in distilled water, 75 ppm for three months; CrA group - 75 ppm Cr VI + extract of A. melanocarpa for three months; Cr2 group - 75 ppm Cr VI for three months followed by one month of distilled water; CrA2 group 75 ppm Cr VI for three months followed by one month of extract of A. melanocarpa. At the end of exposure period pancreas was collected and prepared for histological analysis.Hexavalent chromium administration induced morphological and functional changes in endocrine pancreas cells. Microscopic examination of histological slides from pancreas revealed the size and number reduction of Langerhans islets and presence of degenerative lesions. Experimental group that received Cr VI combined with aqueous extract of Aronia presented almost normal architecture of endocrine cells, even more vascular changes occurred too, probably responsible for repairing phenomena.

scholarly journals Consistent Genes Associated With Structural Changes in Clinical Alzheimer’s Disease Spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinping Xu ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Jinhuan Zhang ◽  
Junjie Zhuo ◽  
Qingmao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Positive Regulation ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Abstract Background:Previous studies showed no obvious symptoms but subtle structural brain changes in a long preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), then localized cortical and sub-cortical atrophy in MCI, and spread aggressively to nearly whole brain neurodegeneration in AD. However, the neurobiological and pathogenic substrates underlying these structural changes across AD spectrum remain largely understood.Methods: We obtained structural MRI imaging from ADNI datasets, including 83 early-stage mild cognitive impairments (EMCI), 83 late-stage mild cognitive impairments (LMCI), 83 AD, and 83 normal controls (NC), and aimed to explore structural changes across the full clinical AD spectrum and their genetic mechanism. Partial least square regressions and Spearman correlations were performed to explore how these changes associated with gene expression level obtained from Allen Human Brain Atlas. Finally, functional enrichment analyses were conducted using Metascape analysis to explore ontological pathways of the consistent genes. Results:We identified significant volume atrophy in left thalamus, left cerebellum, and bilateral middle frontal gyrus across AD spectrum. These structural changes were positively associated with gene expression levels of ABCA7, SORCS1, SORL1, PILRA, PFDN1, PLXNA4, TRIP4, and CD2AP, whereas were negatively associated with gene expression levels of CD33, PLCG2, APOE, and ECHDC3 for all three groups. Moreover, these results were verified in sub-groups of converted and stable EMCI and LMCI. Further gene enrichment analyses revealed that these positively associated genes were mainly involved in positive regulation of cellular protein localization and negative regulation of cellular component organization, whereas the negatively associated genes were mainly involved in positive regulation of iron transport. Conclusions:Overall, these results suggested that structural changes in prodromal and clinical AD might result from interaction of the same gene lists, which offered a better understanding of biological mechanisms underlying structural changes in prodromal and clinical AD.

scholarly journals A model of exercise-induced changes in metabolism, signaling, and gene expression in skeletal muscle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya R. Akberdin ◽  
Ilya N. Kiselev ◽  
Sergey S. Pintus ◽  
Ruslan N. Sharipov ◽  
Alexander Yu. Vertyshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Modular Modeling ◽  
Modular Model ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Gene Expression Levels ◽  
Original Experimental Data

Skeletal muscle is the principal contributor to exercise-induced changes in human metabolism. Strikingly, although it has been demonstrated that a lot of metabolites accumulating in blood and human skeletal muscle during an exercise activate different signaling pathways and induce expression of many genes in working muscle fibres, the system understanding of signaling-metabolic pathways interrelations with downstream genetic regulation in the skeletal muscle is still elusive. Herein, a physiologically based computational model of skeletal muscle comprising energy metabolism, Ca2+ and AMPK signalling pathways, and expression regulation of genes with early and delayed responses has been developed based on a modular modeling approach. The integrated modular model validated on diverse including original experimental data and different exercise modes provides a comprehensive in silico platform in order to decipher and track cause-effect relationships between metabolic, signaling and gene expression levels in the skeletal muscle.

Microarray reveals positive effects of green and black tea polyphenols on TNF[alpha]-induced changes of gene expression

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husna Zulkipli ◽  
Norita Salim ◽  
Gabriele Anisah Froemming ◽  
Aletza Mohd Ismail ◽  
Hapizah Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Black Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Green And Black Tea ◽  
Induced Changes

Protective Effect of Hypericum perforatum L. Extract on Hexavalent Chromium Induced Toxicity in Rat Adrenal Gland

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2014-2017
Author(s):  
Jelena Savici ◽  
Oana Maria Boldura ◽  
Cornel Balta ◽  
Diana Brezovan ◽  
Florin Muselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis

This study was carried out to test the possibility of hexavalent chromium administration through drinking water to induce the structural damage in rat�s adrenal glands and the possibility of Hypericum perforatum extract to faith against chromium aggression. Chromium induced cellular stress was determined by the expression level assessment of the Bcl2 genes family, known to modulate the apoptotic pathway. Obtained results showed that exposure to chromium altered adrenal glands morphology, by induction of apoptosis. When Hypericum perforatum extract was administered expression level of Bcl2 genes and histological lesions in adrenal glands were significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Alternative splicing during mammalian organ development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Mazin ◽  
Philipp Khaitovich ◽  
Margarida Cardoso-Moreira ◽  
Henrik Kaessmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Mammalian Genomes ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) is pervasive in mammalian genomes, yet cross-species comparisons have been largely restricted to adult tissues and the functionality of most AS events remains unclear. We assessed AS patterns across pre- and postnatal development of seven organs in six mammals and a bird. Our analyses revealed that developmentally dynamic AS events, which are especially prevalent in the brain, are substantially more conserved than nondynamic ones. Cassette exons with increasing inclusion frequencies during development show the strongest signals of conserved and regulated AS. Newly emerged cassette exons are typically incorporated late in testis development, but those retained during evolution are predominantly brain specific. Our work suggests that an intricate interplay of programs controlling gene expression levels and AS is fundamental to organ development, especially for the brain and heart. In these regulatory networks, AS affords substantial functional diversification of genes through the generation of tissue- and time-specific isoforms from broadly expressed genes.

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