scholarly journals Diversity and Drug Resistance of Filamentous Fungi Isolated from the Fresh Raspberries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Farian ◽  
Angelina Wójcik-Fatla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Strip Method

AbstractFungi are one of the most widely distributed microorganisms in the environment, including food such as fruits, vegetables and other crops, posing a potential threat to food safety and human health. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity, intensity and drug resistance of potentially pathogenic filamentous fungi isolated from the fresh raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.). A total of 50 strains belonging to genera Fusarium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Aspergillus and Acremonium were tested for drug resistance against 11 antifungals by disc diffusion and gradient strips methods. The average mycological contamination in the examined samples of raspberries amounted to 4.34 log CFU/g. The Cladosporium was isolated from all tested samples, followed by Alternaria and Fusarium with a frequency of 61% and 34%, respectively. The highest level of drug resistance was observed for Acremonium genera and Fusarium strains recorded a wide variation in drug resistance as revealed by susceptibility with amphotericin B and voriconzole with MICs ranged from 0.5–4 µg/ml and posaconazole with MICs ranging from 3–8 µg/ml. All fungal strains showed 100% resistance to caspofungin, fluconazole and flucytosine with both the methods, and 100% resistance to micafungin and anidulafungin in the gradient strip method.

scholarly journals Development of a sensor system for animal watching to keep human health and food safety

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro ITOH ◽  
Takashi MASUDA ◽  
Kenji TSUKAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Sensor System

scholarly journals 1148. Activity of Posaconazole and Comparator Antifungal agents Tested Against Filamentous Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S601-S601
Author(s):  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
Cecilia G Carvalhaes ◽  
Mary Motyl ◽  
Seongah Han ◽  
Havilland Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Center Research ◽  
Scedosporium Species ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Posaconazole (POS) is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal that exhibits potent antifungal activity against a variety of yeasts and molds. We evaluated the in vitro activities of posaconazole and comparator antifungal agents against 2,554 isolates of filamentous fungi including 2,100 Aspergillus species and 454 non-Aspergillus moulds (98 Fusarium, 81 Mucorales and 76 Scedosporium species isolates) collected worldwide in 2010-2018 from clinically significant infections. Methods Isolates were identified using sequencing and/or MALDI-TOF MS methods. Posaconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin, and amphotericin B were tested using the reference broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Results Posaconazole showed comparable activity to itraconazole and voriconazole against A. fumigatus. Categorical agreement between posaconazole and the other azoles tested against A. fumigatus ranged from 98.2-98.7%. Most of the Aspergillus species isolates tested (>90%) were WT to all azoles and echinocandins. Among the isolates of A. fumigatus, the rate of NWT strains varied across the different geographic regions. The frequency of azole NWT strains of A. fumigatus from Europe increased steadily from 2010 to 2018. There was no consistent trend for an increased frequency of NWT strains from other geographic areas. The azoles and echinocandins showed poor activity against Fusarium and Scedosporium species. Posaconazole (MIC50/90, 1/2 mg/L) and amphotericin B (MIC50/90, 1/2 mg/L) were the most active agents against the Mucorales isolates. Conclusion Posaconazole exhibited excellent activity against most species of Aspergillus and was comparable to itraconazole and voriconazole. Most Aspergillus species remain susceptible to triazoles. Although there was no evidence for an increasing frequency of NWT strains among A. fumigatus isolates from North America, Latin America or the Asia-Pacific region, we confirm an increase in the rate of NWT strains to all three triazoles among isolates from Europe. Disclosures Mariana Castanheira, PhD, 1928 Diagnostics (Research Grant or Support)A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Amplyx Pharmaceuticals (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Paratek Pharma, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)Qpex Biopharma (Research Grant or Support) Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, A. Menarini Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.R.L. (Research Grant or Support)Allergan (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Merck & Co, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support) Mary Motyl, PhD, Merck & Co, Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Seongah Han, PhD, Merck & Co, Inc. (Employee) Havilland Campbell, BS, Merck & Co, Inc. (Employee)

scholarly journals Mycotoxins Biocontrol Methods for Healthier Crops and Stored Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Kristina Habschied ◽  
Vinko Krstanović ◽  
Zvonimir Zdunić ◽  
Jurislav Babić ◽  
Krešimir Mastanjević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Soil Air ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Environmental Systems ◽  
Antifungal Substances

Contamination of crops with phytopathogenic genera such as Fusarium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Penicillium usually results in mycotoxins in the stored crops or the final products (bread, beer, etc.). To reduce the damage and suppress the fungal growth, it is common to add antifungal substances during growth in the field or storage. Many of these antifungal substances are also harmful to human health and the reduction of their concentration would be of immense importance to food safety. Many eminent researchers are seeking a way to reduce the use of synthetic antifungal compounds and to implement more eco-friendly and healthier bioweapons against fungal proliferation and mycotoxin synthesis. This paper aims to address the recent advances in the effectiveness of biological antifungal compounds application against the aforementioned fungal genera and their species to enhance the protection of ecological and environmental systems involved in crop growing (water, soil, air) and to reduce fungicide contamination of food derived from these commodities.

scholarly journals Impacts of Microcystins on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Agricultural Plants: A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Alexandre Campos ◽  
El Mahdi Redouane ◽  
Marisa Freitas ◽  
Samuel Amaral ◽  
Tomé Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
The Impact

Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes that pose a great concern in the aquatic environments related to contamination and poisoning of wild life and humans. Some species of cyanobacteria produce potent toxins such as microcystins (MCs), which are extremely aggressive to several organisms, including animals and humans. In order to protect human health and prevent human exposure to this type of organisms and toxins, regulatory limits for MCs in drinking water have been established in most countries. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed 1 µg MCs /L as the highest acceptable concentration in drinking water. However, regulatory limits were not defined in waters used in other applications/activities, constituting a potential threat to the environment and to human health. Indeed, water contaminated with MCs or other cyanotoxins is recurrently used in agriculture and for crop and food production. Several deleterious effects of MCs including a decrease in growth, tissue necrosis, inhibition of photosynthesis and metabolic changes have been reported in plants leading to the impairment of crop productivity and economic loss. Studies have also revealed significant accumulation of MCs in edible tissues and plant organs, which raise concerns related to food safety. This work aims to systematize and analyze the information generated by previous scientific studies, namely on the phytotoxicity and the impact of MCs especially on growth, photosynthesis and productivity of agricultural plants. Morphological and physiological parameters of agronomic interest are overviewed in detail in this work, with the aim to evaluate the putative impact of MCs under field conditions. Finally, concentration-dependent effects are highlighted, as these can assist in future guidelines for irrigation waters and establish regulatory limits for MCs.

Cylindrospermopsin: Water-linked potential threat to human health in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Poniedziałek ◽  
Piotr Rzymski ◽  
Mikołaj Kokociński
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Potential Threat

Study on Food Safety and Green Food Packaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1915-1918
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Shang ◽  
Wei Feng
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Safety Problem ◽  
Green Food ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Safe Food

Safe food packaging is of great significance in solving food safety problem, which can ensure the quality of the food. At the same time protecting the environment should be taken into consideration, and therefore sound food packaging is not only safe to human health but also green to the environment. In this paper potential safety hazards in food packaging materials and how to develop green food packaging are discussed at length.

Aspergillus terreus Species Complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Lass-Flörl ◽  
Anna-Maria Dietl ◽  
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis ◽  
Matthias Brock
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Clinical Spectrum ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Risk Patients

Infections due to Aspergillus species are an acute threat to human health; members of the Aspergillus section Fumigati are the most frequently occurring agents, but depending on the local epidemiology, representatives of section Terrei or section Flavi are the second or third most important. Aspergillus terreus species complex is of great interest, as it is usually amphotericin B resistant and displays notable differences in immune interactions in comparison to Aspergillus fumigatus . The latest epidemiological surveys show an increased incidence of A. terreus as well as an expanding clinical spectrum (chronic infections) and new groups of at-risk patients being affected.

Assessment of the Risk of Probiotics in Terms of the Food Safety and Human Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 419-443
Author(s):  
Selin Kalkan ◽  
Zerrin Erginkaya ◽  
Emel Ünal Turhan ◽  
Gözde Konuray
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health

Why the European Food Safety Authority was right to reject health claims for probiotics

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Katan
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
European Food Safety Authority ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Medical Claims ◽  
Eu Regulation ◽  
Legal Fiction ◽  
Health And Well Being

Probiotics are microbes that are claimed to promote health and well-being when added to foods. However, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has so far advised negatively about health claims for probiotics. Companies and scientists have protested against these rejections, sometimes in vigorous language. I argue that EFSA could not have acted differently, given EU regulations and the lack of convincing evidence for some of the claimed effects of probiotics on human health and well-being. One EU regulation that makes it hard to demonstrate the benefits of probiotics is the prohibition of medical claims, i.e. claims that a food prevents or cures a disease. If this prohibition did not exist, manufacturers of nutritional treatments might circumvent the costly procedures required for drugs, and market their products to ill people without thorough proof that they are effective and safe. However, the prohibition is also a legal fiction, because promotion of health and prevention of disease is largely the same thing. EFSA has recently indicated that it will allow health claims based on the ability of probiotics to reduce infections. To a certain extent, this abolishes the distinction between health claims and medical claims. It remains to be seen if probiotics producers can convince EFSA that their products prevent or cure infections and other diseases in humans.

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