Moderating Effects of Socio-Demographic Factors in Associations Between Acculturation and Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviours: a Study of Australian Residents Born in Sub-Saharan Africa

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Yeboah Addo ◽  
Loren Brener ◽  
Augustine Danso Asante ◽  
John de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

scholarly journals Modeling the interplay between demography, social contact patterns, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the South West Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Trentini ◽  
Giorgio Guzzetta ◽  
Margherita Galli ◽  
Agnese Zardini ◽  
Fabio Manenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Mixing Patterns ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Abstract Background COVID-19 spread may have a dramatic impact in countries with vulnerable economies and limited availability of, and access to, healthcare resources and infrastructures. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, a low prevalence and mortality have been observed so far. Methods We collected data on individuals’ social contacts in the South West Shewa Zone (SWSZ) of Ethiopia across geographical contexts characterized by heterogeneous population density, work and travel opportunities, and access to primary care. We assessed how socio-demographic factors and observed mixing patterns can influence the COVID-19 disease burden, by simulating SARS-CoV-2 transmission in remote settlements, rural villages, and urban neighborhoods, under school closure mandate. Results From national surveillance data, we estimated a net reproduction number of 1.62 (95% CI 1.55–1.70). We found that, at the end of an epidemic mitigated by school closure alone, 10–15% of the population residing in the SWSZ would have been symptomatic and 0.3–0.4% of the population would require mechanical ventilation and/or possibly result in a fatal outcome. Higher infection attack rates are expected in more urbanized areas, but the highest incidence of critical disease is expected in remote subsistence farming settlements. School closure contributed to reduce the reproduction number by 49% and the attack rate of infections by 28–34%. Conclusions Our results suggest that the relatively low burden of COVID-19 in Ethiopia observed so far may depend on social mixing patterns, underlying demography, and the enacted school closures. Our findings highlight that socio-demographic factors can also determine marked heterogeneities across different geographical contexts within the same region, and they contribute to understand why sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a relatively lower attack rate of severe cases compared to high-income countries.

scholarly journals The Severity of Malarial-Anemia in Pregnant Women in Biyem-Assi, Yaounde

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Judith Lum Ndamukong-Nyanga ◽  
Ngo Batandi Helen Virginie ◽  
Tchanga Chanceline Flore ◽  
Fegue Celestine Nadege
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Primiparous Women ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Malaria is a parasitic disease endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa especially in Cameroon. Pregnancy is associated with increased susceptibility to malaria. Closely associated to malaria is anaemia. It is generally accepted that pregnancy ends with childbirth. The outcome of the pregnancy is highly affected by the presence of malaria and anaemia. The aim of ths study was to determine the prevalence and severity of malaria and anemia among pregnant women and the influence of socio-demographic factors on malaria and anaemia prevalences in pregnant women in Biyam- Assi Yaounde. Information on socio-demographic factors was collected from 302 pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in health institutions within the Biyem-Assi Health District of Yaounde VI subdivision using a pretested questionnaire. Peripheral blood was collected and thick smears were prepared for screening Plasmodium parasites. The level of hemoglobin was measured using a haemoglobinometer URIT- 12. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Out of the 302 women, 146 (51.7%) had Plasmodium falciparum infected red cells. Among the 146 infected women, 36% had mild parasitaemia, 45% had moderate parasitaemia and 19% had severe parasitaemia. The prevalence of anemia in the study population was 53%. There was no significant association between the severity of malaria and the severity of anaemia (p > 0, 05). Parity had a significant influence on the severity of malaria. The level of school education significantly (p < 0, 05) influenced the severity of anaemia. Multiparous women were more affected by malaria than primiparous women. However, in relation to disease severity, primiparous women parasitized by Plasmodium presented a significantly higher risk of severe malaria compared to multiparous women. Malaria and anaemia prevalences in the study population were high (>50%), anaemia severity was directly associated to level of education. We recommend that more sensitization of women should be done to reduce ignorance, prevent malaria and in turn reduce anaemia and improve on the health of mother and baby.

scholarly journals Differential effects of socio-demographic factors on maternal haemoglobin concentration in three sub-Saharan African Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson A. Amugsi ◽  
Zacharie T. Dimbuene ◽  
Catherine Kyobutungi
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractLow Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) among women of reproductive age is a severe public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the effects of putative socio-demographic factors on maternal Hb at different points of the conditional distribution of Hb concentration. We utilised quantile regression to analyse the Demographic and Health Surveys data from Ghana, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Mozambique. In Ghana, maternal schooling had a positive effect on Hb of mothers in the 5th and 10th quantiles. A one-year increase in education was associated with an increase in Hb across all quantiles in Mozambique. Conversely, a year increase in schooling was associated with a decrease in Hb of mothers in the three upper quantiles in DRC. A unit change in body mass index had a positive effect on Hb of mothers in the 5th, 10th, 50th and 90th, and 5th to 50th quantiles in Ghana and Mozambique, respectively. We observed differential effects of breastfeeding on maternal Hb across all quantiles in the three countries. The effects of socio-demographic factors on maternal Hb vary at the various points of its distribution. Interventions to address maternal anaemia should take these variations into account to identify the most vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Demography, social contact patterns and the COVID-19 burden in different settings of Ethiopia: a modeling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Trentini ◽  
Giorgio Guzzetta ◽  
Margherita Galli ◽  
Agnese Zardini ◽  
Fabio Manenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Mixing Patterns ◽  
Access To Primary Care ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 spread may have a dramatic impact in countries with vulnerable economies and limited availability of, and access to, healthcare resources and infrastructures. However, in sub-Saharan Africa a low prevalence and mortality have been observed so far.MethodsWe collected data on individuals’ social contacts in Ethiopia across geographical contexts characterized by heterogeneous population density, work and travel opportunities, and access to primary care. We assessed how socio-demographic factors and observed mixing patterns can influence the COVID-19 disease burden, by simulating SARS-CoV-2 transmission in remote settlements, rural villages, and urban neighborhoods, under the current school closure mandate.ResultsFrom national surveillance data, we estimated a net reproduction number of 1.62 (95%CI 1.55-1.70). We found that, at the end of an epidemic mitigated by school closure alone, 10-15% of the overall population would have been symptomatic and 0.3-0.4% of the population would require mechanical ventilation and/or possibly result in a fatal outcome. Higher infection attack rates are expected in more urbanized areas, but the highest incidence of critical disease is expected in remote subsistence farming settlements.ConclusionsThe relatively low burden of COVID-19 in Ethiopia can be explained by the estimated mixing patterns, underlying demography and the enacted school closures. Socio-demographic factors can also determine marked heterogeneities across different geographical contexts within the same country. Our findings can contribute to understand why sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a relatively lower attack rate of severe cases compared to high income countries.

scholarly journals Camp settlement and communal conflict in sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Fisk
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
General Relationship ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Refugee Studies ◽  
Communal Conflict ◽  
Sub Saharan

Are areas that host encamped refugees more likely to experience communal conflict, and under what conditions? Building on insights from the refugee studies literature suggesting that settling refugees in camps can intensify intercommunal tension in host communities, this article investigates the effect of refugee encampment on the occurrence of communal conflict at the subnational level in sub-Saharan Africa. It first tests for a general relationship between the overall presence and population intensity of encamped refugees and communal conflict before assessing whether this relationship is moderated by local-level characteristics, including interethnic linkages and political and economic marginalization within the host region. The basic findings show that communal conflict occurs more frequently in regions where refugees are camp-settled. Tests for interactive effects indicate that refugee camps have a significant marginal effect on conflict only if they are located in areas with politically marginalized host groups. Origin country/host region ethnic ties are shown to exert significant moderating effects. Moreover, results from an extended set of analyses show that the form of refugee settlement matters, as the presence and population intensity of self-settled refugees are related to decreases in the occurrence of communal conflict.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a questionnaire for the assessment of physical activity in epidemiological studies in Sub-Saharan Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1361-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugène Sobngwi ◽  
Jean Claude N Mbanya ◽  
Nigel C Unwin ◽  
Terrence J Aspray ◽  
KGMM Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals Leisure-Time Physical Activity is Associated with reduced Risk of Breast Cancer and Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Nigerian Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galya Bigman ◽  
Sally N. Adebamowo ◽  
King-David Terna Yawe ◽  
Monday Yilkudi ◽  
Oluwole Olaomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Women ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Hormone Receptor Positive ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: Physical activity (PA) is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer and its various subtypes but this association is less well described in African women, particularly in women with triple-negative breast cancer that is more common in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we examined the associations between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and breast cancer in total and by subtypes in Nigerian women.Methods: We studied 472 newly diagnosed primary invasive breast cancer patients age-matched (±5years) with 472 controls from the Nigerian Integrative Epidemiology of Breast Cancer (NIBBLE) Study enrolled from January 2014 to July 2016. We derived the average amount of time spent on LTPA per week over the past year using a modified Nurses’ Health Study-II physical activity questionnaire. We calculated the total metabolic equivalents (METs) for each reported LTPA per hour/week (i.e. walking, cycling, and dancing) and compared odds of breast cancer among participants who attained the World Health Organization (WHO) physical activity(PA) recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or/and 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity/week with those who did not. In addition, we evaluated these by categories of LTPA in quartiles of METs. We used conditional and unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) of LTPA for overall breast cancer and by molecular subtypes. Results: The mean age (SD) of cases, 44.4 (10.0) years, was similar to that of controls, 43.5 (9.5) after matching. The OR for breast cancer among women who attained the WHO PA recommendations compared with those who did not was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.45-0.90). LTPA was associated with 51% reduced odds of hormone receptor-positive and 65% reduced odds of triple-negative breast cancer. We observed a significant dose-response relationship where women with high levels of LTPA had lower odds of overall breast cancer, triple-negative and hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Conclusions: Increasing LTPA in African women may play a significant role in reducing the incidence of breast cancer, particularly of the more aggressive subtype as triple-negative, which is more prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals I-ACT: Integrated study on effect of Activity on ComplicaTions in pregnancy: study protocol of a multiethnic prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e025970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meijin Cai ◽  
Kok Hian Tan ◽  
Seng Bin Ang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) during first 20 weeks of pregnancy may lower risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational hypertension (GH), though evidence of association remains inconclusive. Current studies rely heavily on subjective assessment of PA levels. Wearable activity trackers provide a convenient and objective surrogate index for PA validated by evidence-based steps/day categorisation along a physical inactivity/activity continuum. I-ACT primarily aims to examine objectively measured PA levels and patterns in first and second trimesters of pregnancy and the association with GDM and/or GH in Singapore, a multiethnic Asian population. Secondary aims include investigating the bio-socio-demographic factors associated with sedentary behaviour, and association of early pregnancy PA level with maternal weight at 6 weeks postdelivery. Results may facilitate identification of high-risk mothers-to-be and formulation of interventional strategies.Methods and analysisProspective cohort study that will recruit 408 women at first antenatal visit at <12 weeks’ gestation. Baseline bio-socio-demographic factors and PA levels assessed by participant characteristics form and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), respectively. An activity tracker (Fitbit) will be provided to be worn daily from date of recruitment to end of 20 weeks’ gestation. Tracker-recorded data will be synchronised with an application on participant’s smartphone. Compliance will be reinforced with fortnightly reminders. After 20 weeks, a second IPAQ and a feedback form will be administered. GDM screened at 24–28 weeks’ gestation. GH diagnosed after 20-weeks gestation. Maternal weight assessed at 6 weeks postdelivery. Appropriate statistical tests will be used to compare continuous and categorical PA measurements between first and second trimesters. Logistic regression will be used to analyse associations.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval obtained from the Centralised Institutional Review Board of SingHealth (reference 2017/2836). Dissemination of results will be via peer-reviewed research publications both online and in print, conference presentations, posters and medical forums.

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