A Comprehensive Review on 1st-Generation Biodiesel Feedstock Palm Oil: Production, Engine Performance, and Exhaust Emissions

The major drawback of vegetable oil fuels is their high viscosity. Various conventional approaches to reducing the viscosity of vegetable oils are studied theoretically and experimentally. An attempt to reduce the viscosity of the palm oil methyl esters (POME) by preheating the fuel was performed and a comparison on the basis of its projected chance of leading to ‘diesel-like’ combustion was also carried out with conventional diesel fuel. It was observed that by preheating the POME fuel above the conventional temperature, the engine performance, especially the brake power output and the exhaust emissions characteristics, is improved significantly, approaching diesellike' performance. This is mainly attributed to the fact that as the fuel is preheated the viscosity is reduced close to ordinary diesel (OD) fuel. This will result in improved spray and atomization characteristics. Torque, brake power, specific fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and brake thermal efficiencies were measured and calculated. The potential for improved engine performance and reduction in emissions levels was demonstrated.

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Comparison between PEE10 and PEE10-Bioethanol Blends on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a HSDI Diesel Engine

Trends in Sciences ◽

10.48048/tis.2021.451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

Ekkachai Sutheerasak ◽

Charoen Chinwanitcharoen ◽

Sathaporn Chuepeng

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽

Brake Thermal Efficiency

Biofuels are an alternative fuel currently being developed to reduce the diesel-engine environmental impact. The release of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitric oxide (NO) and black smoke (BS) becomes an issue derived from diesel engines even in lean-mixture combustion causing an adverse effect to human health. The main aim of the research study is to present the use of biofuels, a mixture of diesel and 10 % palm oil ethyl ester (PEE10) and PEE10 blended with bioethanol from 5 to 20 %, compared with conventional diesel fuel. The biofuels were run on a high-speed direct injection diesel engine at a constant speed of 3,000 rpm under various loads. The use of PEE10 resulted in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) reduction by 2 % and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) incrementation by 8 %, but the exhaust emissions were lower than diesel, except for CO2 and NO. However, PEE10 engine performance was better and exhaust gas emissions were lower for both pollutants than diesel mixed with 10 % bioethanol. The investigation of PEE10 with increasing bioethanol revealed that the use of PEE10 blended with 5 % bioethanol (PEE10E5) can improve engine performance, while the BTE and BSFC were close to that of diesel, and exhaust emissions, especially CO2, NO and BS reduced. Moreover, BTE from PEE10E5 fueling increased by 2 % but BSFC was subtle increased, compared to PEE10. On the other hand, the increasing bioethanol from 10 to 20 % in PEE10 led to the more reduction in engine performance, but the engine pollutants were also continuously decreased. Specifically, the blend of PEE10 and 20 % bioethanol indicates that CO2, NO and BS were reduced by 10, 15 and 33 %, respectively, compared to diesel fuel. HIGHLIGHTS A mixture of diesel and 10 % palm oil ethyl ester (PEE10) has less exhaust emissions than diesel blended with 10 % palm oil methyl ester (PME10) PEE10 blended with 5 % bioethanol can improve engine performance, while the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption are close to that of diesel and PME10 The increasing bioethanol from 10 to 20 % in PEE10 leads to the more reduction in engine performance, but the engine pollutants, especially carbon dioxide, nitric oxide and black smoke, are also continuously decreased GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Indirect injection diesel engine operation on palm oil methyl esters and its emulsions

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1243/0954407971526443 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 211 (4) ◽

pp. 291-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

H Masjuki ◽

M Z Abdulmuin ◽

H S Sii

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Cetane Number ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Fuel Injector ◽

Metal Debris ◽

Engine Operation ◽

Endurance Tests

Results of exhaust emissions and lube oil analysis of a diesel engine fuelled with Malaysian palm oil diesel (POD or palm oil methyl esters) and ordinary diesel (OD) emulsions containing 5 and 10 per cent of water by volume are compared with those obtained when 100 per cent POD and OD fuel were used. Very promising results have been obtained. Neither the lower cetane number of POD fuel nor its emulsification with water presented any obstacle to the operation of a diesel engine during steady state engine tests and the 20 hour endurance tests. Polymerization and carbon deposits on fuel injector nozzles were monitored. Engine performance and fuel consumption for POD and its emulsions are comparable with those of OD fuel. Accumulations of wear metal debris in crank-case oil samples were lower with POD and emulsified fuels compared with baseline OD fuel. Both OD and POD emulsions with 10 per cent water by volume show a promising tendency for wear resistance. The exhaust emissions for POD and emulsified fuels are found to be much cleaner, containing less CO, CO2, HC, NOx, SOx and smoke level. Power output is slightly reduced when using POD and emulsified fuels.

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Sistem Pakar Mendeteksi Penyakit Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Riset Information Science (SENARIS) ◽

10.30645/senaris.v1i0.50 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 444

Author(s):

Dimas Satria ◽

Poningsih Poningsih ◽

Widodo Saputra

Keyword(s):

Expert System ◽

Programming Languages ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Oil Production ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Forward Chaining ◽

Web Programming ◽

Level Of Confidence

The purpose of this paper is to create an expert system to detect oil palm plant diseases in order to help farmers / companies in providing accurate information about the diseases of oil palm plants and how to overcome them and to help reduce the risk of decreasing palm oil production. This system is designed to mimic the expertise of an expert who is able to detect diseases that attack oil palm plants. The method used is forward chaining that is starting from a set of data and proving a fact by describing the level of confidence and uncertainty found in a hypothesis. The results of this study are to diagnose diseases of oil palm plants and their computerization using web programming languages.

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Effects of chrysopogon zizanioides nano additive with palm biodiesel on engine performance and exhaust emissions

Materials Today Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.416 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

S. Sai Kiran ◽

S. Madhu ◽

Chidambaranathan Bibin ◽

Mebratu Markos Woldegiorgis ◽

P. Kumran

Keyword(s):

Engine Performance ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Chrysopogon Zizanioides

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Influence of dispersant added nanoparticle additives with diesel-biodiesel blend on direct injection compression ignition engine: Combustion, engine performance, and exhaust emissions approach

Energy ◽

10.1016/j.energy.2021.120197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 224 ◽

pp. 120197 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Jaikumar ◽

V. Srinivas ◽

M. Rajasekhar

Keyword(s):

Combustion Engine ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Engine Combustion ◽

Biodiesel Blend ◽

Nanoparticle Additives

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Investigation on Physicochemical Properties of Wastewater Grown Microalgae Methyl Ester and its Effects on CI Engine

Environmental and Climate Technologies ◽

10.2478/rtuect-2020-0005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 72-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Tayari ◽

Reza Abedi ◽

Ali Abedi

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Test Results ◽

Main Fatty Acid ◽

Ci Engine ◽

Hc Emissions ◽

A Minor

AbstractMicroalgae have been mentioned as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. In this study, microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (MCV) was cultivated in a bioreactor with wastewater. After biodiesel production from MCV oil via transesterification reaction, chemical and physical properties of MCV methyl ester were evaluated with regular diesel and ASTM standard. Besides, engine performance and exhaust emissions of CI engine fuelled with the blends of diesel-biodiesel were measured. The GC-MS analysis showed that oleic and linoleic acids were the main fatty acid compounds in the MCV methyl ester. Engine test results revealed that the use of biodiesel had led to a major decrease in CO and HC emissions and a modest reduction in CO2 emissions, whereas there was a minor increase in NOx emissions. Furthermore, there was a slight decrease in the engine power and torque while a modest increase in brake specific fuel consumption which are acceptable due to exhaust emissions reduction. The experimental results illustrate considerable capabilities of applied MVC biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines to diminish the emissions.

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Effect of Thermal Barrier Coating on the Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine Operated with Conventional Diesel and Palm Oil Biodiesel

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11060692 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 692

Author(s):

Navin Ramasamy ◽

Mohammad Abul Kalam ◽

Mahendra Varman ◽

Yew Heng Teoh

Keyword(s):

Thermal Barrier Coating ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Silicon Oxide ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Spray Coating ◽

Thermal Barrier ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

Barrier Coating ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Palm Oil Biodiesel

In this study, the performance and emission of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) engine which applied palm oil biodiesel and diesel as a fuel were evaluated. TBC was prepared by using a series of mixture consisting different blend ratio of yttria stabilized zirconia (Y2O3·ZrO2) and aluminum oxide-silicon oxide (Al2O3·SiO2) via plasma spray coating technique. The experimental results showed that mixture of TBC with 60% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 40% Al2O3·SiO2 had an excellent nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) reductions compared to other blend-coated pistons. The finding also indicated that coating mixture 50% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 50% Al2O3·SiO2 had the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and lowest of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to all mixture coating. Reductions of HC and CO emissions were also recorded for 60% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 40% Al2O3·SiO2 and 50% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 50% Al2O3·SiO2 coatings. These encouraging findings had further proven the significance of TBC in enhancing the engine performance and emission reductions operated with different types of fuel.

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A Comparison of Ethanol, Methanol, and Butanol Blending with Gasoline and Its Effect on Engine Performance and Emissions Using Engine Simulation

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9081322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1322

Author(s):

Simeon Iliev

Keyword(s):

Alternative Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Gasoline Engine ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Engine Simulation ◽

Engine Model ◽

Fuel Blends ◽

Performance And Emissions ◽

Blended Fuels

Air pollution, especially in large cities around the world, is associated with serious problems both with people’s health and the environment. Over the past few years, there has been a particularly intensive demand for alternatives to fossil fuels, because when they are burned, substances that pollute the environment are released. In addition to the smoke from fuels burned for heating and harmful emissions that industrial installations release, the exhaust emissions of vehicles create a large share of the fossil fuel pollution. Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are derived from resources other than fossil fuels. Because alcoholic fuels have several physical and propellant properties similar to those of gasoline, they can be considered as one of the alternative fuels. Alcoholic fuels or alcohol-blended fuels may be used in gasoline engines to reduce exhaust emissions. This study aimed to develop a gasoline engine model to predict the influence of different types of alcohol-blended fuels on performance and emissions. For the purpose of this study, the AVL Boost software was used to analyse characteristics of the gasoline engine when operating with different mixtures of ethanol, methanol, butanol, and gasoline (by volume). Results obtained from different fuel blends showed that when alcohol blends were used, brake power decreased and the brake specific fuel consumption increased compared to when using gasoline, and CO and HC concentrations decreased as the fuel blends percentage increased.

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