Effect of salt stress on tomato fruit antioxidant systems depends on fruit development stage

Elucidating the mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance in different species will help to develop more resistant plant varieties, contributing to improve agricultural production in a climate change scenario. Basic responses to salt stress, dependent on osmolyte accumulation and activation of antioxidant systems, have been studied in Nerium oleander, a xerophytic species widely used as ornamental. Salt strongly inhibited growth, but the plants survived one-month treatments with quite high NaCl concentrations, up to 800 mM, indicating the the species is relatively resistant to salt stress, in addition to drought. Levels of proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars increased only slightly in the presence of salt; however, soluble sugar absolute contents were much higher than those of the other osmolytes, suggesting a functional role of these compounds in osmotic adjustment, and the presence of constitutive mechanisms of response to salt stress. High salinity generated oxidative stress in the plants, as shown by the increase of malondialdehyde levels. Antioxidant systems, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, are generally activated in response to salt stress; in oleander, they do not seem to include total phenolics or flavonoids, antioxidant compounds which did not accumulate significantly in salt-trated plants

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PHYTOCHROMES B1/B2 ARE KEY REGULATORS OF EPIGENOME REPROGRAMMING DURING TOMATO FRUIT DEVELOPMENT

10.1101/2020.07.30.227447 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ricardo Bianchetti ◽

Nicolas Bellora ◽

Luis A de Haro ◽

Rafael Zuccarelli ◽

Daniele Rosado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Development ◽

Epigenetic Modification ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Dna Demethylation ◽

Temperature Perception ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Fruit Development And Ripening ◽

Histone Modifying Enzymes ◽

Level Of Understanding ◽

Agronomical Traits

AbstractPhytochrome-mediated light and temperature perception has been shown to be a major regulator of fruit development. Furthermore, chromatin remodelling via DNA demethylation has been described as a crucial mechanism behind the fruit ripening process; however, the molecular basis underlying the triggering of this epigenetic modification remains largely unknown. Here, an integrative analyses of the methylome, siRNAome and transcriptome of tomato fruits from phyA and phyB1B2 null mutants was performed, revealing that PHYB1 and PHYB2 influences genome-wide DNA methylation during fruit development and ripening. The experimental evidence indicates that PHYB1B2 signal transduction relies on a gene expression network that includes chromatin organization factors (DNA methylases/demethylases, histone-modifying enzymes and remodelling factors) and transcriptional regulators, ultimately leading to altered mRNA profile of photosynthetic and ripening-associated genes. This new level of understanding provides insights into the orchestration of epigenetic mechanisms in response to environmental cues affecting agronomical traits in fleshy fruits.

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Regulation of Pyridine Nucleotide Metabolism During Tomato Fruit Development Through Transcript and Protein Profiling

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2019.01201 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Guillaume Decros ◽

Bertrand Beauvoit ◽

Sophie Colombié ◽

Cécile Cabasson ◽

Stéphane Bernillon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Development ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Pyridine Nucleotide ◽

Nucleotide Metabolism ◽

Protein Profiling

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Reduction of Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Natural Re-Sowing with Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1960

Author(s):

Afonso Henrique Schaeffer ◽

Otávio Augusto Schaeffer ◽

Diógenes Cecchin Silveira ◽

João Arthur Guareschi Bertol ◽

Debora Kelli Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Seed Production ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Development Stage ◽

Ammonium Glufosinate ◽

Physiological Quality

Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is the main winter weed of crops in Southern Brazil. High competitiveness, adaptability, widespread resistance to herbicides and seed dormancy make the plant a permanent problem. Herbicides, as well as plant growth regulators, can be used as a management option for ryegrass seed production, however there is no consensus among authors at which stage of the plant the application is most effective. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the production and physiological quality of ryegrass seeds in response to the application of herbicides and plant growth regulators in three stages of plant development (inflorescence emergence, flowering and fruit development). Each treatment consisted of applying two different doses of each of the active ingredients: ammonium glufosinate, clethodim, glyphosate, iodosulfuron-methyl, paraquat and 2,4-D (herbicides); ethephon and trinexapac-ethyl (plant growth regulators), still an untreated control, totaling 17 treatments for each stage of development. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three replications. The variables evaluated were: seed production (kg ha−1), thousand seed weight (g), viability (%), germination (%), first germination count (%), dormant seeds (%) and dead seeds (%). The ryegrass seed production reduced 100% with clethodim, glyphosate, ammonium glufosinate or paraquat applied in the inflorescence emergence or flowering stages. In the fruit development stage, all treatments (herbicides and plant growth regulators) caused deleterious effects on seed production, the greatest effect occurred with paraquat (95%). Paraquat, ammonium glufosinate and clethodim affected the physiological quality of the seeds when applied in fruit development stage. This research demonstrated that the application of herbicides in the ryegrass reproductive stage decreases its seedbank replenishment (natural re-sowing), with the potential to harm its progeny.

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Stable Capsaicinoid Biosynthesis during the Fruit Development Stage of Capsicum baccatum

CYTOLOGIA ◽

10.1508/cytologia.84.309 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 309-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryuji Sugiyama

Keyword(s):

Fruit Development ◽

Development Stage ◽

Capsicum Baccatum ◽

Capsaicinoid Biosynthesis

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Genotypic variability for salt stress tolerance among wild and cultivated wheat germplasms at an early development stage

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2019-0035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 375-380

Author(s):

Imen Klay ◽

Leila Riahi ◽

Hajer Slim Amara ◽

Abderrazak Daaloul

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Development Stage ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

The Common ◽

Photosynthetic Traits

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the variability of salt tolerance potentials among nine wheat genotypes representing wild and cultivated species namely Triticum turgidum subsp. durum, Triticum aestivum and Aegilops geniculata. Ionomic and photosynthetic traits were used for the screening of the studied samples when faced with four salinity levels of NaCl (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) under green house conditions at the seedling stage. The investigated genotypes exhibited different levels of salt stress tolerance. Ionomic and photosynthetic traits underline the distinctiveness of the common wheat varieties which highlighted particular performances under salt stress conditions and showed higher tolerance potentials among the studied genotypes. Interestingly, the Vaga variety showed more ability to maintain higher K+/Na+ ratios and Pq coefficients compared with the control conditions and stable Fv/F0 and Fv/Fm ratios. Stable behaviour was exhibited by wild Aegilops accessions while durum wheat varieties have been shown to be more sensitive to salt stress. Further investigations were required for the common wheat variety Vaga, which could be useful for successful breeding and biotechnological improvement strategies concerning wheat species.

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