Dominance of Oscillospira and Bacteroides in the bacterial community associated with the degradation of high-concentration dimethyl sulfide under iron-reducing condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1199-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianran Ye ◽  
Haiyuan Cai ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
He-Long Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Reducing Condition

scholarly journals Dynamics of Fermentation Parameters and Bacterial Community in High-Moisture Alfalfa Silage with or without Lactic Acid Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Shanshan Zhao ◽  
Fengyuan Yang ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Xiaomiao Fan ◽  
Changsong Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

The aim of this study was to gain deeper insights into the dynamics of fermentation parameters and the bacterial community during the ensiling of high-moisture alfalfa. A commercial lactic acid bacteria (YX) inoculant was used as an additive. After 15 and 30 days of ensiling, the control silage (CK) exhibited a high pH and a high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N); Enterobacter and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium were the dominant genera. At 60 d, the pH value and the concentration of NH3-N in CK silage increased compared with 15 and 30 d, propionic acid and butyric acid (BA) were detected, and Garciella had the highest abundance in the bacterial community. Compared with CK silage, inoculation of YX significantly promoted lactic acid and acetic acid accumulation and reduced pH and BA formation, did not significantly reduce the concentration of NH3-N except at 60 d, and significantly promoted the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of Garciella and Anaerosporobacter, but did not significantly inhibit the growth of Enterobacter and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium. In conclusion, high-moisture alfalfa naturally ensiled is prone to rot. Adding YX can delay the process of silage spoilage by inhibiting the growth of undesirable microorganisms to a certain extent.

scholarly journals Third Revision of the Global Surface Seawater Dimethyl Sulfide Climatology (DMS-Rev3)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrivardhan Hulswar ◽  
Rafel Simo ◽  
Martí Galí ◽  
Thomas Bell ◽  
Arancha Lana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Surface Seawater ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Global Surface

Abstract. This paper presents an updated estimation of the bottom-up global surface seawater dimethyl sulfide (DMS) climatology. This update, called DMS-Rev3, is the third of its kind and includes five significant changes from the last climatology, ‘L11’ (Lana et al., 2011) that was released about a decade ago. The first change is the inclusion of new observations that have become available over the last decade, creating a database of 872,427 observations leading to a ~18-fold increase in raw data as compared to the last estimation The second is significant improvements in data handling, processing, and filtering, to avoid biases due to different observation frequencies which results from different measurement techniques. Thirdly, we incorporate the dynamic seasonal changes observed in the geographic boundaries of the ocean biogeochemical provinces. The fourth change involves the refinement of the interpolation algorithm used to fill in the missing data. And finally, an upgraded smoothing algorithm based on observed DMS variability length scales (VLS) helps to reproduce a more realistic distribution of the DMS concentration data. The results show that DMS-Rev3 estimates the global annual mean DMS concentration to be ~1.87 nM (2.35 nM without a sea-ice mask), i.e., about 4 % lower than the previous bottom-up ‘L11’ climatology. However, significant regional differences of more than 100 % as compared to L11 are observed. The global sea to air flux of DMS is estimated at ~27 TgS yr−1 which is about 4 % lower than L11, although, like the DMS distribution, large regional differences were observed. The largest changes are observed in high concentration regions such as the polar oceans, although oceanic regions that were under-sampled in the past also show large differences between revisions of the climatology. Finally, DMS-Rev3 reduces the previously observed patchiness in high productivity regions.  

Structure of the bacterial community in a biofilter during dimethyl sulfide (DMS) removal processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (18) ◽  
pp. 7165-7168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Chien Chung ◽  
Chiu-Yu Cheng ◽  
Tzu-Yu Chen ◽  
Jo-Shan Hsu ◽  
Chun-Chi Kui
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Removal Processes

Evaluation of nitrate removal by continuous culturing of an aerobic denitrifying bacterium, Paracoccus pantotrophus

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hasegawa-Kurisu ◽  
Y. Otani ◽  
K. Hanaki
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Carbon Limitation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Paracoccus Pantotrophus

Nitrate removal under aerobic conditions was investigated using pure cultures of Paracoccus pantotrophus, which is a well-known aerobic-denitrifying (AD) bacterium. When a high concentration of cultures with a high carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was preserved at the beginning of batch experiments, subsequently added nitrate was completely removed. When continuous culturing was perpetuated, a high nitrate removal rate (66.5%) was observed on day 4 post-culture, although gradual decreases in AD ability with time were observed. The attenuation in AD ability was probably caused by carbon limitation, because when carbon concentration of inflow water was doubled, nitrate removal efficiency improved from 18.1% to 59.6%. Bacterial community analysis using the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method showed that P. pantotrophus disappeared in the suspended medium on day 8 post-culture, whereas other bacterial communities dominated by Acidovorax sp. appeared. Interestingly, this replaced bacterial community also showed AD ability. As P. pantotrophus was detected as attached colonies around the membrane and bottom of the reactor, this bacterium can therefore be introduced in a fixed form for treatment of wastewater containing nitrate with a high C/N ratio.

scholarly journals Influences of Dimethyl Phthalate on Bacterial Community and Enzyme Activity in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
QiaoLing Xu ◽  
ShaoYong Lu ◽  
Tao Yuan ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Dimethyl Phthalate ◽  
High Concentration

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), belonging to the family of Phthalate esters (PAEs), is a plasticizer and has been widely used in the world for many years. Nowadays, it has become a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and is listed as an environmental priority pollutant by China’s Environmental Monitoring Center. The purpose of this study is to estimate the responses of the bacterial community and enzyme activity to DMP contamination in three vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW), namely the constructed wetland A (planted with Pennisetum sinese Roxb), constructed wetland B (planted with Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), and constructed wetland C (unplanted), respectively. The results showed that the relative percentages of some genera associated with nitrogen metabolism and the function of degrading aromatic hydrocarbons were increased by DMP contamination, such as Dechloromonas agitata, Pleomorphomonas sp., Denitratisoma oestradiolicum, Plasticicumulans lactativorans, Novosphingobium sp., Alicycliphilus denitrificans, and Thauera sp. Meanwhile, principal coordinate analysis (PCA) analysis showed that the addition of DMP divided 12 samples into two groups as followed: one was the DMP group containing a-1, a-2, b-1, b-2, c-1 and c-2 while the other was no DMP group including A-1, A-2, B-1, B-2, C-1 and C-2. It indicated that DMP was the main reason for this change. In addition, by monitoring the activity of substrate enzymes, the activity of urease, phosphatase, catalase, and invertase in the wetlands before and after the experiment, these were significantly higher in the upper layer than in the lower layer and maintained high activity. Ultimately, the average influent concentration of DMP in three VFCWs was 8.12 mg/L and the average removal efficiency of the effluent was over 90%. Our results suggested that DMP was an important factor affecting the microbial community structure of wetland and the upper layer of the VFCW was the main site for the degradation of DMP. VFCW has great potential for the removal of the high concentration of DMP and it can be a good choice for the treatment of PAEs.

scholarly journals Changes in the root-associated bacteria of sorghum are driven by the combined effects of salt and sorghum development

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Yukun ◽  
Cui Jianghui ◽  
Ren Genzeng ◽  
Wei Shilin ◽  
Yang Puyuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sorghum Variety ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Abstract Background Sorghum is an important food staple in the developing world, with the capacity to grow under severe conditions such as salinity, drought, and a limited nutrient supply. As a serious environmental stress, soil salinization can change the composition of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities and induce a series of harm to crops. And the change of rhizospheric microbes play an important role in the response of plants to salt stress. However, the effect of salt stress on the root bacteria of sorghum and interactions between bacteria and sorghum remains poorly understood. Results The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of salt stress on sorghum growth performance and rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Statistical analysis confirmed that low high concentration stress depressed sorghum growth. Further taxonomic analysis revealed that the bacterial community predominantly consisted of phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in sorghum rhizosphere soil. Low salt stress suppressed the development of bacterial diversity less than high salt stress in both bulk soil and planted sorghum soil. Different sorghum development stages in soils with different salt concentrations enriched distinctly different members of the root bacteria. No obviously different effect on bacterial diversity were tested by PERMANOVA analysis between different varieties, but interactions between salt and growth and between salt and variety were detected. The roots of sorghum exuded phenolic compounds that differed among the different varieties and had a significant relationship with rhizospheric bacterial diversity. These results demonstrated that salt and sorghum planting play important roles in restructuring the bacteria in rhizospheric soil. Salinity and sorghum variety interacted to affect bacterial diversity. Conclusions In this paper, we found that salt variability and planting are key factors in shifting bacterial diversity and community. In comparison to bulk soils, soils under planting sorghum with different salt stress levels had a characteristic bacterial environment. Salinity and sorghum variety interacted to affect bacterial diversity. Different sorghum variety with different salt tolerance levels had different responses to salt stress by regulating root exudation. Soil bacterial community responses to salinity and exotic plants could potentially impact the microenvironment to help plants overcome external stressors and promote sorghum growth. While this study observed bacterial responses to combined effects of salt and sorghum development, future studies are needed to understand the interaction among bacteria communities, salinity, and sorghum growth.

scholarly journals Bacterial Community of Neutral Mine Drainage of Elizabeth’s Shaft (Slovinky, Slovakia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana KISKOVÁ ◽  
Zuzana PERHÁČOVÁ ◽  
Ladislav VLČKO ◽  
Jana SEDLÁKOVÁ-KADUKOVÁ ◽  
Simona KVASNOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
454 Pyrosequencing ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Neutral Mine Drainage ◽  
High Level

Neutral mine drainage is the less frequent subject of the interest than acid mine drainage but it can have adverse environmental eff ects caused mainly by precipitation of dissolved Fe. Th e aim of the study was to characterize the composition of bacterial population in environment with high concentration of iron and sulfur compounds represented by neutral mine drainage water of Elizabeth’s shaft , Slovinky (Slovakia). Th e pH value of drainage water decreased from 7.1 to 6.5 during the years 2008–2014. Direct microscopic observations, cultivation methods, and 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons were used to examine the bacterial population. Microscopic observations identifi ed iron–oxidizing Proteobacteria of the genera Gallionella and Leptothrix which occurrence was not changed during the years 2008–2014. Using 454 pyrosequencing, there were identifi ed members of 204 bacterial genera that belonged to 25 phyla. Proteobacteria (69.55%), followed by Chlorofl exi (10.31%) and Actinobacteria (4.24%) dominated the bacterial community. Genera Azotobacter (24.52%) and Pseudomonas (14.15%), followed by iron–oxidizing Proteobacteria Dechloromonas (11%) and Methyloversatilis (8.53%) were most abundant within bacterial community. Typical sulfur bacteria were detected with lower frequency, e.g., Desulfobacteraceae (0.25%), Desulfovibrionaceae (0.16%), or Desulfobulbaceae (0.11%). Our data indicate that the composition of bacterial community of the Elizabeth’s shaft drainage water refl ects observed neutral pH, high level of iron and sulfur ions in this aquatic habitat.

scholarly journals Tolerance of soil bacterial community to tetracycline antibiotics induced by As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa Santás-Miguel ◽  
Avelino Núñez-Delgado ◽  
Esperanza Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽  
Montserrat Díaz-Raviña ◽  
Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tetracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Co Tolerance

Abstract. The widespread use of both heavy metals and antibiotics in livestock farming and their subsequent arrival on agricultural soils through manure/slurry spreading has become a problem of vital importance for human health and the environment. In the current research, a laboratory experiment was carried out for 42 days to study co-selection for tolerance of three tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline, TC; oxytetracycline, OTC; chlortetracycline, CTC) in soils polluted with heavy metals (As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb) at high concentration levels (1000 mg kg−1 of each one, separately). Pollution Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) of the bacterial community was estimated using the leucine incorporation technique. The Log IC50 (logarithm of the concentration causing 50 % inhibition in bacterial community growth) values obtained in uncontaminated soil samples for all the heavy metals tested showed the following toxicity sequence: Cu > As > Cr ≥ Pb ≥ Cd > Zn > Ni. However, in polluted soil samples the toxicity sequence was: Cu > Pb ≥ As ≥ Cd ≥ Cr ≥ Ni ≥ Zn. Moreover, at high metal concentrations the bacterial communities show tolerance to the metal itself, this taking place for all the metals tested in the long term. The bacterial communities of the soil polluted with heavy metals showed also long-term co-tolerance to TC, OTC, and CTC. This kind of studies, focusing on the eventual increases of tolerance and co-tolerance of bacterial communities in agricultural soil, favored by the presence of other pollutants, is of crucial importance, mostly bearing in mind that the appearance of antibiotic resistance genes in soil bacteria could be transmitted to human pathogens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Single Column Trapping/Separation and Chemiluminescence Detection for Measurement of Methanethiol and Dimethyl Sulfide from Pig Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jørgen Hansen ◽  
Kei Toda ◽  
Tomoaki Obata ◽  
Anders Peter S. Adamsen ◽  
Anders Feilberg
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Proton Transfer Reaction ◽  
Chemiluminescence Detection ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Reduced Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
The Difference

Reduced sulfur compounds are considered to be important odorants from pig production due to their low odor threshold values and low solubility in slurry. The objective of the present study was to investigate the use of a portable method with a single silica gel column for trapping/separation coupled with chemiluminescence detection (SCTS-CL) for measurement of methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide in sample air from pig production. Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) was used to evaluate the trapping/separation. The silica gel column used for the SCTS-CL efficiently collected hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide. The measurement of methanethiol by SCTS-CL was clearly interfered by the high concentration of hydrogen sulfide found in pig production, and a removal of hydrogen sulfide was necessary to obtain reliable results. Air samples taken from a facility with growing-finishing pigs were analyzed by SCTS-CL, PTR-MS, and a gas chromatograph with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GC-SCD) to evaluate the SCTS-CL. The difference between the concentrations of methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide measured with SCTS-CL, PTR-MS, and GC-SCD was below 10%. In conclusion, the SCTS-CL is a portable and low-cost alternative to the commercial methods that can be used to measure methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide in sample air from pig production.

Cytomembrane Preservation in Tissue Dehydrated Only With Glutaraldehyde and Epon 812 Resin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Unpublished Study ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sectioned Material

A previous study demonstrated that tissue could be successfully infiltrated with 50% glutaraldehyde, and then subsequently polymerized with urea to create an embedment which retained cytomembrane lipids in sectioned material. As a result, the 180-190 Å periodicity characteristic of fresh, mammalian myelin was preserved in sections, as was a brilliant birefringence, and the capacity to bind OsO4 vapor in the hydrophobic bilayers. An associated (unpublished) study, carried out in co-operation with Drs. C.K. Akers and D.F. Parsons, demonstrated that the high concentration of glutaraldehyde (and urea) did not significantly alter the X-ray diffraction pattern of aldehyde-fixed, myelin. Thus, by itself, 50% glutaraldehyde has little effect upon cytomembrane systems and can be used with confidence for the first stages of dehydration.

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