scholarly journals Livestock-Associated Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus—Current Situation and Impact From a One Health Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Fetsch ◽  
Danai Etter ◽  
Sophia Johler
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose of Review In this article, we aim to provide an overview of the occurrence and characteristics of livestock-associated (LA-) meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We further question the role of LA-MRSA as a potential foodborne pathogen. We investigate recent findings and developments from a One Health perspective also highlighting current strategies and initiatives aiming to improve reporting, control, and prevention of LA-MRSA. Recent Findings While the overall number of invasive MRSA infections in humans is decreasing (in most European countries and the USA) or steadily increasing (in the Asia-Pacific region), the role of LA-MRSA as causative agent of invasive disease and as potential foodborne pathogen is still poorly understood. LA-MRSA prevalence in livestock remains high in many geographical regions and the acquisition of new virulence and resistance determinants constitutes a growing threat for human health. Summary The true incidence of LA-MRSA infections due to occupational exposure is unknown. Improved MRSA monitoring and tracking procedures are urgently needed. Strain typing is crucial to enable improved understanding of the impact of LA-MRSA on human and animal health.

scholarly journals One Health, Fermented Foods, and Gut Microbiota

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Bell ◽  
Jorge Ferrão ◽  
Lígia Pimentel ◽  
Manuela Pintado ◽  
Tito Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
One Health ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Changes in present-day society such as diets with more sugar, salt, and saturated fat, bad habits and unhealthy lifestyles contribute to the likelihood of the involvement of the microbiota in inflammatory diseases, which contribute to global epidemics of obesity, depression, and mental health concerns. The microbiota is presently one of the hottest areas of scientific and medical research, and exerts a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Fermented foods and beverages are generally defined as products made by microbial organisms and enzymatic conversions of major and minor food components. Further to the commonly-recognized effects of nutrition on the digestive health (e.g., dysbiosis) and well-being, there is now strong evidence for the impact of fermented foods and beverages (e.g., yoghurt, pickles, bread, kefir, beers, wines, mead), produced or preserved by the action of microorganisms, on general health, namely their significance on the gut microbiota balance and brain functionality. Fermented products require microorganisms, i.e., Saccharomyces yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, yielding alcohol and lactic acid. Ingestion of vibrant probiotics, especially those contained in fermented foods, is found to cause significant positive improvements in balancing intestinal permeability and barrier function. Our guts control and deal with every aspect of our health. How we digest our food and even the food sensitivities we have is linked with our mood, behavior, energy, weight, food cravings, hormone balance, immunity, and overall wellness. We highlight some impacts in this domain and debate calls for the convergence of interdisciplinary research fields from the United Nations’ initiative. Worldwide human and animal medicine are practiced separately; veterinary science and animal health are generally neither considered nor inserted within national or international Health discussions. The absence of a clear definition and subsequent vision for the future of One Health may act as a barrier to transdisciplinary collaboration. The point of this mini review is to highlight the role of fermented foods and beverages on gut microbiota and debate if the need for confluence of transdisciplinary fields of One Health is feasible and achievable, since they are managed by separate sectors with limited communication.

scholarly journals The role of tourism in the economy. The formation of tourist flows to the ASEAN countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (18) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Sazhida S. SAFINA ◽  
◽  
Irina G. TETERKINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
The World ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Tourist Demand ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
Statistical Yearbook ◽  
The Impact

In the presented article on the base of statistical data from the World Tourism and Travel Council, the World Tourism Organization, the ASEAN Statistical Yearbook, and the official websites of national tourism organizations of the ASEAN countries the impact of tourism on the economy of the ASEAN countries is assessed. The region’s tourist demand and supply are analyzed. The factors of the formation of the main tourist flows from Asia-Pacific, European, American and Australia and Oceania macroregions are studied.

The role of the mussel Mytilus spp. in the transmission of ostreid herpesvirus-1 microVar

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 1095-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. O’ Reilly ◽  
C. Laide ◽  
A Maloy ◽  
S. Hutton ◽  
B. Bookelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
World Organization ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas contributes significantly to global aquaculture; however, C. gigas culture has been affected by ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) and variants. The dynamics of how the virus maintains itself at culture sites is unclear and the role of carriers, reservoirs or hosts is unknown. Both wild and cultured mussels Mytilus spp. (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis and hybrids) are commonly found at C. gigas culture sites. The objective of this study was to investigate if Mytilus spp. can harbour the virus and if viral transmission can occur between mussels and oysters. Mytilus spp. living at oyster trestles, 400–500 m higher up the shore from the trestles and up to 26 km at non-culture sites were screened for OsHV-1 and variants by all the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) recommended diagnostic methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), histology, in situ hybridization and confirmation using direct sequencing. The particular primers that target OsHV-1 and variants, including OsHV-1 microVar (μVar), were used in the PCR and qPCR. OsHV-1 μVar was detected in wild Mytilus spp. at C. gigas culture sites and more significantly the virus was detected in mussels at non-culture sites. Cohabitation of exposed wild mussels and naïve C. gigas resulted in viral transmission after 14 days, under an elevated temperature regime. These results indicate that mussels can harbour OsHV-1 μVar; however, the impact of OsHV-1 μVar on Mytilus spp. requires further investigation.

Multicenter, Prospective Surveillance Study of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in 28 Italian Intensive Care Units: The ISABEL Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Viale ◽  
Giovanni Gesu ◽  
Gaetano Privitera ◽  
Biagio Allaria ◽  
Nicola Petrosillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mrsa Colonization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Colonization Status

The role of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization as a predictor of invasive disease in intensive care unit (ICU) patients was established many years ago. The role of mefhicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) colonization is more debated, although in a recent report patients who were carriers of MRSA or MSSA at ICU admission were found to be at increased risk. Whether carriage at ICU admission involves a higher risk of invasive infection than carriage acquired during an ICU stay has not been established. We report the results of a study aimed at estimating the frequency of S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA) colonization at admission and at discharge in patients admitted to several ICUs in Italy and at estimating the relationship between colonization status and infection by S. aureus.

scholarly journals New Role of the Disulfide Stress Effector YjbH in β-Lactam Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 5452-5458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Göhring ◽  
Iris Fedtke ◽  
Guoqing Xia ◽  
Ana M. Jorge ◽  
Mariana G. Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis exposed to multiple antimicrobial compounds, including oxidative burst products and antibiotics. The various mechanisms and regulatory pathways governing susceptibility or resistance are complex and only superficially understood.Bacillus subtilisrecently has been shown to control disulfide stress responses by the thioredoxin-related YjbH protein, which binds to the transcriptional regulator Spx and controls its degradation via the proteasome-like ClpXP protease. We show that theS. aureusYjbH homolog has a role in susceptibility to the disulfide stress-inducing agent diamide that is similar to that inB. subtilis, and we demonstrate that the four cysteine residues in YjbH are required for this activity. In addition, the inactivation of YjbH led to moderate resistance to oxacillin and other β-lactam antibiotics, and this phenotypic change was associated with higher penicillin-binding protein 4 levels and increased peptidoglycan cross-linking. Of note, the impact of YjbH on β-lactam susceptibility still was observed when the four cysteines of YjbH were mutated, indicating that the roles of YjbH in disulfide stress and β-lactam resistance rely on different types of interactions. These data suggest that the ClpXP adaptor YjbH has more target proteins than previously thought, and that oxidative burst and β-lactam resistance mechanisms ofS. aureusare closely linked.

scholarly journals The role of Biofilm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa to resistance ultraviolet and MIC concentration for antibiotics

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0A) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
احمد محمد تركي
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The present study is conducted to in restigate the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the impact of ultraviolet on the bacterial isolates under study and the resistance of these isolates to ultraviolet are studied in comparison to two standard isolates ( E . coli and Staphylococcus aureus ) which are considered sensitive to ultraviolet . The natures of the resistance of the isolates, under study, are also being investigated against the different antibiotics. The isolates are subjected to a test to examine their sensitivity to (12) types of antibiotics used routinely in the treatment of various infection of these bacteria. They are (streptomycin , cephalothin ,Gentamycin , cefotaxime ,nitrofurantion ,ampicillin, amoxicillin, rifampin, lincomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin ).The lowest concentration installer ( MIC ) is also testified in accordance with six types of antibiotics (streptomycin, cefotaxime , rifampin , nitrofurantion , Gentamycin , amoxicillin ).The biologic effectiveness of the overlap between the bacterial isolates , under study, is examined against four bacteria (klebseilla pneumonia , Staphylococcus aureus , Enterobacter , Proteus ) The result of using the ultraviolet with different wavelength show the ability of the five local isolates used to resistance of ultraviolet reaching (180 s.) in comparison to the isolates E.coli and staph. aureus in which the ratio of killing is %100 at a time of exposing 40 , 60 sec. respectively. The results indicated that the five local bacterial isolates have high resistance to the most tested antibiotics, It is shouted that all of them have resistance to (erythromycin , tetracycline , lincomycin , Gentamycin ) but they are sensitive towards antibiotic streptomycin . as for the other antibiotics , over can find that the isolates are varied of them for being resisting or sensitive towards them .The results of testing the inhabited effectiveness of the five bacterial isolates towards some other bacterial isolates show the efficiency of the five local isolates in the inhabitation of growth of the five studied bacterial isolates.

scholarly journals The Role of Cash Transfers in Rebuilding Livelihoods in an Emergency Response: the Typhoon Haiyan Case Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nothando Gazi
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
The Impact

The number of climate-related disasters is increasing more than ever before and cash is becoming an increasingly important tool to deliver assistance during a disaster response due to its flexibility and ability to cut across sectors, amongst other benefits. This research seeks to explore the role of cash in linking the relief phase to the long-term recovery through the promotion of sustainable livelihoods, by focusing on Typhoon Haiyan (known locally as Yolanda) as a case study. The Philippines has high exposure and vulnerability to climate-related disasters, however, it boasts of one of the most advanced social protection systems in the East Asia Pacific region (Bowen, 2015). In order to reach the research objectives, the research methodology employed involves a review of related literature, a field-based evaluation involving interviewing humanitarian practitioners and the adoption of DFID’s Sustainable Livelihood Framework (1999) as a framework of analysis. The results show that cash-based livelihood programming plays a vital role in leading the transition from relief to recovery due to the Value for Money (VfM) it delivers, role in strengthening local market and supply chains and the positive economic multiplier effects that benefit the wider community. Most interventions focus on asset creation, however, investment should be made into disaster risk reduction to reduce vulnerabilities that worsen the impact of shocks on poor households. Also, to enhance the benefits resulting from cash programming, supporting activities should be used in parallel with cash provision. Cash-for-training and livelihood start-up grants can empower women by increasing their human capital and introducing them to the formal economy. More work is required to transform the structures and policies that disadvantage women through patriarchal power systems.

Anxiety, insecurity, and border crossing

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Hiramoto ◽  
Joseph Sung-Yul Park
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact

The modern conception of the self is grounded in stability and identity. Under this perspective, anxiety and insecurity of the border are only characteristic of peripheral communities. However, anxiety and insecurity are much more fundamental to linguistic life; heterogeneity of linguistic practice and our constant movement across communities, positions, categories, and identities mean that uncertainty and indeterminacy are just as salient in the way we use language. This special issue builds upon this insight to explore the subjectivities of border crossing in contexts of language contact under globalization. By bringing together studies that explore cases of language and cultural contact across the Asia-Pacific region from the perspective of anxiety and insecurity, it aims to highlight the importance of considering subjectivity in our analysis of language in globalization, and considers the new insights we may gain through an emphasis on the subjective dimensions of contact situations. Together, the contributions to the special issue identify three key issues for further research on the sociolinguistics of globalization: (1) the role of language ideologies in mediating experiences of transnationalism, (2) consequences of globally circulated semiotic resources on local articulations of subjectivities, and (3) the impact of neoliberal projects of social transformation upon our sense of self.

scholarly journals Using a One Health approach to assess the impact of parasitic disease in livestock: how does it add value?

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN RUSHTON ◽  
MIEGHAN BRUCE
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
One Health ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYHuman population increases, with greater food demands, have resulted in a rapid evolution of livestock food systems, leading to changes in land and water use. The scale of global livestock systems mean that changes in animal health status, particularly in parasite levels, have impacts that go beyond farm and sector levels. To quantify the true impact of parasites in livestock, frameworks that look at both resources and services valued in markets and those that have no true market value are required. Mitigating the effects of parasitic disease in livestock will not only increase productivity, but also improve animal welfare and human health, whilst reducing the environmental burden of livestock production systems. To measure these potential benefits, a One Health approach is needed. This paper discusses the types of methods and the data collection tools needed for a more holistic perspective and provides a framework with its application to coccidiosis in poultry. To build a body of knowledge that allows the ranking of parasite diseases in a wider animal health setting, such One Health frameworks need to be applied more frequently and with rigour. The outcome will improve the allocation of resources to critical constraints on parasite management.

Bacteriocins: antibiotics in the age of the microbiome

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Egan ◽  
R. Paul Ross ◽  
Colin Hill
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Antibiotic Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Activity Animal

Antibiotics have revolutionised the treatment of infectious disease and improved the lives of billions of people worldwide over many decades. With the rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and corresponding lack of antibiotic development, we find ourselves in dire need of alternative treatments. Bacteriocins are a class of bacterially produced, ribosomally synthesised, antimicrobial peptides that may be narrow or broad in their spectra of activity. Animal models have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of bacteriocins in treating a broad range of infections; however, one of the principal drawbacks has been their relatively narrow spectra when compared with small-molecule antibiotics. In an era where we are beginning to appreciate the role of the microbiota in human and animal health, the fact that bacteriocins cause much less collateral damage to the host microbiome makes them a highly desirable therapeutic. This review makes a case for the implementation of bacteriocins as therapeutic antimicrobials, either alone or in combination with existing antibiotics to alleviate the AMR crisis and to lessen the impact of antibiotics on the host microbiome.

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