scholarly journals How political philosophies can help to discuss and differentiate theories in community ecology

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Intentional Action ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Ecological Theories ◽  
Theoretical Premise ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hybrid Forms

AbstractThis paper uses structural analogies to competing political philosophies of human society as a heuristic tool to differentiate between ecological theories and to bring out new aspects of apparently well-known classics of ecological scholarship. These two different areas of knowledge have in common that their objects are ‘societies’, i.e. units composed of individuals, and that contradictory and competing theories about these supra-individual units exist. The benefit of discussing ecological theories in terms of their analogies to political philosophies, in this case liberalism, democratism and conservatism, consists in the fact that political philosophies show clear differences and particularities as regards their approach to the concepts of individuality and intentional action. The method therefore helps to expose peculiarities of ecological theories that are usually considered canonical (e.g. Clements, Gleason), as well as hybrid forms (E. P. Odum), and to differentiate between two different types of theories about functional wholes. The basis of this method is the constitutional-theoretical premise that modern paradigms of socialization structure the ecological discourse.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Rural Development Driven by Natural Environment and Urbanization: A Case Study of Kashgar Region, Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinping Lin ◽  
Jun Lei ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Jiangang Li
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Different Types

With the socio-economic transformation, the recombination of regional development factors and the followed reconstruction of the rural development elements system have profoundly changed the rural landscape of the Kashgar region in Northwest China. The factors affecting the rural production and lifestyle interact with each other, shaping different types of rural development. Accordingly, basing on the main factors influencing the rural development ability and long-term development potential, the assessment indicator system of rural comprehensive development (RCD) was established to reveal the differentiation of rural development and identify the dominant factors affecting rural development. The principal component analysis method and the cluster analysis method was used to distinguish the different types. The results show that the high-level rural development areas are mainly concentrated in the center of the region, while the low-level areas are mainly distributed in the periphery, with significant spatial differentiation characteristics. We divided the rural development into three categories and 11 zones for which the basic natural conditions and external challenges are different. The categories reflect three possible results of rural development: grow, decline, and vanish, which is in the industrialization development stage. With the transformation of human society and the change of urban–rural relationship in its mode and content, the external economy, society, and changing environment has put pressures on rural areas. Therefore, according to different rural development types, it is necessary to take measures to strengthen the rural areas to cope with external environmental challenges.

Anti-Catholicism in the United States

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Massa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Boundary Maintenance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Society ◽  
American Catholic

Historian John Higham once referred to anti-Catholicism as “by far the oldest, and the most powerful of anti-foreign traditions” in North American intellectual and cultural history. But Higham’s famous observation actually elided three different types of anti-Catholic nativism that have enjoyed a long and quite vibrant life in North America: a cultural distrust of Catholics, based on an understanding of North American public culture rooted in a profoundly British and Protestant ordering of human society; an intellectual distrust of Catholics, based on a set of epistemological and philosophical ideas first elucidated in the English (Lockean) and Scottish (“Common Sense Realist”) Enlightenments and the British Whig tradition of political thought; and a nativist distrust of Catholics as deviant members of American society, a perception central to the Protestant mainstream’s duty of “boundary maintenance” (to utilize Emile Durkheim’s reading of how “outsiders” help “insiders” maintain social control). An examination of the long history of anti-Catholicism in the United States can be divided into three parts: first, an overview of the types of anti-Catholic animus utilizing the typology adumbrated above; second, a narrative history of the most important anti-Catholic events in U.S. culture (e.g., Harvard’s Dudleian Lectures, the Suffolk Resolves, the burning of the Charlestown convent, Maria Monk’s Awful Disclosures); and finally, a discussion of American Catholic efforts to address the animus.

scholarly journals Use of coordination spheres in food economics

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
József Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Organization Theory ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Price Theory ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coordination Spheres ◽  
Economic Goods ◽  
Positive Nature ◽  
Hybrid Forms

The coordination plays central role in the economics. The conventional economic theory looks at the market and enterprise (or hierarchy) as two different, separated manner of coordination of economic goods and services. However the modern organization theory, price theory and institutional economics show that different types (not only market and enterprise, but also several types of hybrid forms) of coordination (or governance structure) necessarily live together in the current economic system. Based on my previous research on the field of regional clusters in the food industry I came to the conclusion that the cluster is one of the spheres where economic coordination can occur.At the same time I pointed out that the ways of coordination can be ordered on an ordinary scale according to its normative or positive nature. I’ve also found that the choice between the coordination spheres (market, enterprise or cluster) is not arbitrary, but instead depends on the interest’s dimension which is represented by the exchange of goods and services in question.

Project specification: creativity and rhetoric in scientific research

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Nadal-Burgues
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Intentional Action ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Task Specification ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
And Task

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify different types of project in relation to their degree of specification and the creative possibilities that more highly specified projects offer researchers. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents the limitations of project management methods when managing research in relation to creativity. If projects are rigorously formulated and fulfill the requirements of project management, they may be compared to a mechanical task in which active decision making no longer applies. The conceptual framework develops the study of the spaces of creativity that research projects offer based on intentional action in which the notion of project is considered to be more flexible than that of more traditional approaches, and the notion of judgment is seen as a source of creativity. The empirical research presents the study of two scientific projects and compares their degree of the goal and task specification, the time required to specify them and how creativity emerges from routinized activities. Findings – The spaces of creative possibilities in projects are related in two ways: first, these spaces are related to a critical view of the concepts of repeated action and routines, and second, they are related to the ways researchers use projects and the methods of project management not only as a method but also as a form of rhetoric. Originality/value – Constituting a contribution to organizational change and innovation theory that enlarges the concept of project and brings understanding of how researchers define their projects, confront project specifications and are creative in a constrained framework.

Fire Detection in Still Image Using Color Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Hira Lal Gope ◽  
Machbah Uddin ◽  
Shohag Barman ◽  
Dilshad Islam ◽  
Mohammad Khairul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Still Image ◽  
Color Range ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fire Area ◽  
Fire Incidence

Fire incidence is one of the major disasters of human society. This paper proposes a still image-based fire detection system. It has many advantages like lower cost, faster response, and large coverage. The existing methods are not able to detect fire region adequately. The proposed method overcome and addresses the issue. A binary contour image of flame that is capable of classifying fire or no fire in image for fire detection is proposed in this study. The color of fire area can range from red yellow to almost white. So, here it is challenges the detected area is actually fire or no fire. Our propose method consists of five parts. Firstly, the digital image is taken from dataset and the digital image is sampled and mapped as a grid of dots or picture elements. We convert image to separate RGB Color range Matrix. We define some rules to select yellow color range of the image later on converted the image to binary range. Finally, binary contour image of flame information that detect the fire. We have analyzed different types of fire images in different varieties and found accuracy 85-90%.

scholarly journals Kritik, tilpasning, autenticitet og kommunikation - kreativitetsregimer i moderniteten

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiwel Kupferberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Life World ◽  
Personal Quality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hybrid Forms ◽  
Professional Context

Feiwel Kupferberg: Criticism, adaptation, authenticity and communication. Creativity regimes in modernity Creativity is not, as psychologists tend to think, the result of some underlying personal quality, that is independent of the institutionalised or professional context in which it is articulated. It is a social construction, and how we see it depends on the type of life world or social field we tend to identify with or construct our meanings for. What is defined as expected and as socially recognized as creativity varies with the particular creativity regime in which creative agents seek social recognition. In this article, I compare four different types of creativity regimes: science, industry, art and pedagogy, and try to identify the particular norms and practices that characterize these different creativity regimes in modernity, including possible hybrid forms in contemporary modernity.

The Problem of Equality from a Political Economy Perspective

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Egalitarian Society ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tribal Societies ◽  
Descent Group

This paper explores challenges to the creation of an egalitarian society from what we know about different types of human society across human history. All human beings originally lived in hunter-gatherer bands, which, along with tribal societies, are remarkably egalitarian. Inegalitarian social forms—rank societies and social stratification—are rooted in the following causes: (1) despotic tendencies rooted in human psychology; (2) esteem competition; (3) descent group closure and ingroup opportunity hoarding; (4) inegalitarian ideology; and (5) the increasing scale of societies, administration of which requires layers of hierarchically organized bureaucracy. Large-scale social organization can deliver dramatically reduced interpersonal violence and increased prosperity and opportunities. Securing the benefits of scale without oppressive social hierarchy requires the institution of checks and norms against bullies and narcissists, reworking the economy of esteem, ending descent group opportunity hoarding, integrating social groups, promoting egalitarian ideologies, and perfecting democratic practices.

Evolution Algorithms and Biomass Properties Prediction: A Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obafemi Olatunji ◽  
Stephen Akinlabi ◽  
Nkosinathi Madushele ◽  
Paul Adedeji ◽  
Samuel Fatoba
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithms ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Prediction Technique ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Evolution Algorithms ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Abstract The complexity of real-world applications of biomass energy has increased substantially due to so many competing factors. There is an ongoing discussion on biomass as a renewable energy source and its cumulative impact on the environment vis-a-vis water competition, environmental pollution and so on. This discussion is coming at a time when evolutionary algorithms and its hybrid forms are gaining traction in several applications. In the last decade, evolution algorithms and its hybrid forms have evolved as a significant optimization and prediction technique due to its flexible characteristics and robust behaviour. It is very efficient means of solving complex global optimization problems. This article presents the state-of-the-art review of different types of evolutionary algorithms, which have been applied in the prediction of major properties of biomass such as elemental compositions and heating values. The governing principles, applications, merits, and challenges associated with this technique are elaborated. The future directions of the research on biomass properties prediction are discussed.

scholarly journals Folk Art Crafts of Russia as an object of cultural heritage

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Olga V. Semerickaja ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
First Time

Folk art crafts of Russia as a phenomenon of traditional culture are an informational and valuable resource for the development of culture, so it is vitally important to include the heritage of folk-art crafts in the current culture as a source of instrumental basis for constructing social memory, which is possible only based on cultural understanding of crafts as an object of heritage. Folk art crafts are both an economic phenomenon and a form of existence of folk-art culture, representing a cultural phenomenon that reveals the laws of development and functioning of human society. For the first time, the article gives a definition of folk art crafts as an integral object of cultural heritage and analyzes its constituent elements in the form of objects of different types of heritage, presented in tangible, intangible, environmental and natural terms.

Bible Translation as Incarnation of the Word of God: Transformational Power through Form and Meaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-240
Author(s):  
Marlon Winedt
Keyword(s):  
Word Of God ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Treat All ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neutral Activity ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Bible translation is not a neutral activity, divested of any moral, spiritual, or cultural claim or responsibility. Form has often distorted meaning but happily meaning has often created new hybrid forms in different cultures. This paper addresses the need to work out the incarnational aspect of Bible translation in terms of a conscious multimodal perspective. First, there is a need for a philosophical-theological account of the dialectical relationship between form and meaning. Second, we need to reinterpret the relationship among different types of embodied performance, such as oral and written translation, as part of the same multimodal reality. Finally, Bible translation should promote the appropriation of Scripture through the community’s culture in different forms in order to unleash its transformational power. Multimodal theory can offer a valuable tool to treat all types and modes of translation as equal, but distinct, expressions, thus acknowledging different cultures, people groups, and communities of faith.

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