scholarly journals Deterministic Dual Control of Phase Competition in Strained BiFeO3: A Multiparametric Structural Lithography Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Black ◽  
David Edwards ◽  
Niall Browne ◽  
Joseph G. M. Guy ◽  
Niyorjyoti Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Deterministic Control ◽  
External Forces ◽  
High Level ◽  
External Stimuli

AbstractThe realization of a mixed-phase microstructure in strained BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films has led to numerous novel effects derived from the coexistence of the tetragonal-like monoclinic phase (T phase) and rhombohedral-like monoclinic phase (R phase). Strong strain and polarization differences between the phases should result in a high level of transformation plasticity, which enables the continuous alteration of the relative proportion of R and T states in response to external forces. Although the potential for utilizing such plasticity to control mixed-phase populations under external stimuli is evident, direct experimental evidence backed by equilibrium predictions has not yet been fully demonstrated. Here we demonstrate deterministic control of mixed-phase populations in an epitaxially strained BFO thin film through the application of localized stresses and electric fields in a reversible manner. The results illustrate and rationalize deterministic control of mixed phases in strained BFO films, which could be crucial in tuning their functional properties. The findings also highlight a new multiparametric technique in the scanning probe lithography toolbox based on tip-assisted electric and strain field manipulation of functional properties that might find application beyond the ferroelectric domain and structural phase lithography.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE USE THE CROSSBREEDING OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY AND SWISS CATTLE IN THE STATE STUD FARM "PASICHNA"

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
I. V. Verbych ◽  
O. V. Medvid
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dairy Breed

Goal. To study the influence of intermediate crossing on the level of dairy productivity, qualitative milk indicators, exterior features and resistance of the body of pureorgain and local animals. Methods. Selection and genetic analysis, comparative, statistical. The results. Scientific and production studies were conducted on the basis of a tribal factory of the State Enterprise "Pasichnya" IKSGP NAAN "of the StarosinyaVsky district of the Khmelnytsky region in the chains of distinct animals of the Podilsky factory type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy (UCHRMP) and local animals derived from the crossing of the BPRMP cows with Bojabs of the Shvitsky breed. According to the results of experimental studies, it has been found that local cows-first-bristles are somewhat inferior to the purest animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed by the magnitude of the NADA (93.8 kg), but it is compensated by milk quality (fat +0.26%, protein +0.19%), where in the general yield of dairy fat (+9.5 kg) and protein (+6.4 kg), they are favorably different from its purgatory rior. The analysis of the results of the reproductive capacity of cows shows that local animals were first fruitfully inseminated at the age of 545 days and the duration of fertility was 283 days, at that time, purely meters were inserted at the age of 567 days, and the duration of the sharing was 281.5 days. Service-period in the cows-first-born of genotypes, respectively, amounted to 97 and 112 days. The obtained data for the morphological and functional properties of the cow-first-prints show that the assessed number of both groups meets the needs of target standards on technological features and have high indicators of the studied functional properties. Comparative analysis of exterior valuation indicators between the studied groups shows that local cows have higher rates over latitudinal gates, in particular, by breast width and width in the ice, at that time inferior to the children's rior in the rectors of height in the racing, in the area of the torso. and hammer. In the study of natural resistance in the studied cows it has been established that the estimated animal groups are characterized by a sufficiently high level of protective functions of the body and adaptation capacity to technological conditions, which creates good opportunities for further effective selection. The general assessment of the natural resistance of cows-firstbody by morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, phagocytic, bactericidal and lysozymic activity showed that local cows according to Method VE Chumachenko and others. (1990) have a natural resistance to 3 points (61) higher than in their pure-breeding rior (58 points). Conclusions. Results of analysis of dairy performance of local cows-first-birthsters derived from the crossing of Ukrainian Black-and-White breeds with bulls of the Shvitskaya breed showed that the data of the animal though inferior to the christening rior of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed by the magnitude of the NADA but this difference is compensated by the quality of milk, where The total output of dairy fat and protein, they are favorably different from pureoral analogues. By indicators of reproducible ability, it has been found that local animals were first crazy at the age of 823 days that on 21 days earlier than puredom and 15 days they have a smaller service period. An analysis of the results of the estimation of morphological and physiological properties of the elder showed that there are no significant differences in the investigated groups of primary differences. All animals correspond to technological requirements. The exterior evaluation of the investigated groups of the firstborn showed that purely cows, having higher rates in the elevation in the roll, in the height in the ice and a contrary length of the trunk and the intensity, but inferior to the latitude gauge: the width of the breast, width in the machaches and width in the machaches and width in the machach. Animal estimation according to natural resistance indicators found that animals of both groups have a sufficiently high level of protective functions of the body and adaptation capacity to technological conditions that creates good opportunities for further effective selection.

Chemical-heat treatment influence on thermal stability of microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture features of V-Cr-Ta-Zr alloy

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
I.V. Smirnov ◽  
◽  
K.V. Grinyaev ◽  
A.N. Tyumentsev ◽  
A.D. Korotaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Chemical Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Heat ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fracture Features ◽  
Zr Alloy

A study of the features of structural-phase state, thermal stability, mechanical properties characteristics and fracture features of V-Cr-Ta-Zr alloy after chemical-heat treatment by the method of nonequilibrium internal oxidation has been carried out. It has been established that, in contrast to chemical-heat treatment in a defect state, the effect of oxygen when introduced into a material with a stabilized structure is observed only at high concentrations. At such oxygen concentrations, which ensure the maximum binding of Zr into particles based on ZrO2, the alloy under study demonstrates a high level of thermal stability and strength properties. These effects are associated with the implementation of disperse strengthening according to the Orowan mechanism by nanosized ZrO2 particles characterized by high thermal stability. The concentration and nature of the distribution of oxygen predetermine the spatial distribution of nanosized ZrO2 particles formed during chemical-heat treatment, which manifests itself in fracture features of the material at different temperatures.

scholarly journals Understanding the impact of moderate-intensity pulsed electric fields (MIPEF) on structural and functional characteristics of pea, rice and gluten concentrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2145-2155
Author(s):  
Sofia Melchior ◽  
Sonia Calligaris ◽  
Giulia Bisson ◽  
Lara Manzocco
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Pulsed Electric Fields ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Intramolecular Rearrangement ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Protein Nature ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aim The effect of moderate-intensity pulsed electric fields (MIPEF) was evaluated on vegetable protein concentrates from pea, rice, and gluten. Methods Five percent (w/w) suspensions of protein concentrates (pH 5 and 6) were exposed to up to 60,000 MIPEF pulses at 1.65 kV/cm. Both structural modifications (absorbance at 280 nm, free sulfhydryl groups, FT-IR-spectra) and functional properties (solubility, water and oil holding capacity, foamability) were analyzed. Results MIPEF was able to modify protein structure by inducing unfolding, intramolecular rearrangement, and formation of aggregates. However, these effects were strongly dependent on protein nature and pH. In the case of rice and pea samples, structural changes were associated with negligible modifications in functional properties. By contrast, noticeable changes in these properties were observed for gluten samples, especially after exposure to 20,000 pulses. In particular, at pH 6, an increase in water and oil holding capacity of gluten was detected, while at pH 5, its solubility almost doubled. Conclusion These results suggest the potential of MIPEF to steer structure of proteins and enhance their technological functionality.

scholarly journals Hyperthermia and Temperature-Sensitive Nanomaterials for Spatiotemporal Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Mohamadreza Amin ◽  
Wenqiu Huang ◽  
Ann L. B. Seynhaeve ◽  
Timo L. M. ten Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
Adjuvant Effect ◽  
Triggered Drug Release ◽  
High Level ◽  
External Stimuli

Nanotechnology has great capability in formulation, reduction of side effects, and enhancing pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutics by designing stable or long circulating nano-carriers. However, effective drug delivery at the cellular level by means of such carriers is still unsatisfactory. One promising approach is using spatiotemporal drug release by means of nanoparticles with the capacity for content release triggered by internal or external stimuli. Among different stimuli, interests for application of external heat, hyperthermia, is growing. Advanced technology, ease of application and most importantly high level of control over applied heat, and as a result triggered release, and the adjuvant effect of hyperthermia in enhancing therapeutic response of chemotherapeutics, i.e., thermochemotherapy, make hyperthermia a great stimulus for triggered drug release. Therefore, a variety of temperature sensitive nano-carriers, lipid or/and polymeric based, have been fabricated and studied. Importantly, in order to achieve an efficient therapeutic outcome, and taking the advantages of thermochemotherapy into consideration, release characteristics from nano-carriers should fit with applicable clinical thermal setting. Here we introduce and discuss the application of the three most studied temperature sensitive nanoparticles with emphasis on release behavior and its importance regarding applicability and therapeutic potentials.

scholarly journals Robust thermoelastic microactuator based on an organic molecular crystal

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Duan ◽  
Sergey Semin ◽  
Paul Tinnemans ◽  
Herma Cuppen ◽  
Jialiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Phase ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Molecular Configuration ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Molecular Actuators ◽  
Strong Shear ◽  
Phenyl Rings ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Nucleation And Growth Mechanism

Abstract Mechanically responsive molecular crystals that reversibly change shape triggered by external stimuli are invaluable for the design of actuators for soft robotics, artificial muscles and microfluidic devices. However, their strong deformations usually lead to their destruction. We report a fluorenone derivative (4-DBpFO) showing a strong shear deformation upon heating due to a structural phase transition which is reproducible after more than hundred heating/cooling cycles. Molecular dynamic simulations show that the transition occurs through a nucleation-and-growth mechanism, triggered by thermally induced rotations of the phenyl rings, leading to a rearrangement of the molecular configuration. The applicability as actuator is demonstrated by displacing a micron-sized glass bead over a large distance, delivering a kinetic energy of more than 65 pJ, corresponding to a work density of 270 J kg−1. This material can serve as a prototype structure to direct the development of new types of robust molecular actuators.

Size-dependent structural phase transition of face-centered-cubic metal nanowires

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1299-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ma ◽  
K.W. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Intrinsic Stress ◽  
Metal Nanowires ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Phase Transform ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Epitaxial Bain Paths ◽  
External Stimuli

Taking Au as an example, we have investigated the epitaxial bain paths of 〈001〉 oriented face-centered-cubic metal nanowires. It demonstrates that there are one stable and one metastable phase, having the lattice constant ratio c/a of about 0.6 and 1.0, respectively. Even without any external stimuli, the surface-tension-induced intrinsic stress in the interior may drive the nanowires to phase transform spontaneously for surface-energy minimization. However, this structural transition depends on the feature sizes of the nanowires. Specifically, only when the cross-section areas are reduced to 4.147 nm2 or so can the surface energy and the intrinsic stress satisfy the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions simultaneously.

scholarly journals Проявление структурных фазовых переходов в кристалле Rb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-KLuF-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=- в спектрах комбинационного рассеяния света

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
А.С. Крылов ◽  
А.Н. Втюрин ◽  
В.Н. Воронов ◽  
С.Н. Крылова
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Tricritical Point ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Double Perovskite ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Phase Transitions ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Temperature Dependences

AbstractThe Raman spectra of an Rb_2KLuF_6 crystal are studied in the temperature range from 8 to 375 K, which includes two phase transitions: one of which proceeds from a cubic to a tetragonal phase, while the other transition takes place from a tetragonal to a monoclinic phase. An analysis of the temperature dependences of parameters of spectral lines shows that the former transition is of the second kind, while the latter transition is of the first kind, close to the tricritical point. It is shown that the structural phase transitions in the Rb_2KLuF_6 double perovskite are not associated with disordering. The former transition is associated with rotations of LuF_6 octahedra around the fourth-order axis, while the latter transition is related with rotations of octahedra and displacements of rubidium ions.

scholarly journals Karl Mannheim on Fascism: Sociological Lessons About Populism and Democracy Today?

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042110420
Author(s):  
Martyn Hammersley
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Karl Mannheim ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Pathological Development ◽  
Liberal Democratic Society ◽  
External Forces ◽  
High Level

The parallels and differences between current forms of populism and early 20th-century fascism have been the focus for much discussion. This article examines the relevance today of Karl Mannheim’s analysis of fascism and of its relationship to democracy in the 1930s. He argued that the threat of fascism arose from the very nature of liberal democratic society, rather than being a product of external forces. He claimed that liberal democracy is transitional, rather than stable in character, and that the new emerging form of governance that was required to replace it shared a key component with fascism: a high level of social and economic planning. At the same time, he insisted that, as a pathological development, fascism served to illustrate the disastrous consequences that a failure to engage realistically with the process of societal development can have for upholding Western civilisational ideals. This article explores Mannheim’s arguments against the background of current thinking about populism and ‘post-democracy’.

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