scholarly journals Factors influencing dissolution of carbonaceous materials in liquid Fe–Mn

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1153-1162
Author(s):  
Hamideh Kaffash ◽  
Merete Tangstad
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Mechanism ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
Resistance Furnace ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Dissolution Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carbon Dissolution ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Ash Layer ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract Carbon dissolution from four types of metallurgical cokes and graphite was investigated by using immersion rods in a resistance furnace to clarify the influence of factors governing the rate of carbon dissolution from carbonaceous materials into Fe–Mn melts at 1550 °C. The factors studied were the microstructure of carbonaceous materials, roughness, porosity and the wettability between carbonaceous materials and the melt. Carbon/metal interface was characterised by scanning electron microscopy accompanied with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry to investigate the formation of an ash layer. The results showed that coke E had the highest dissolution rate. Surface roughness and porosity of the carbonaceous materials seemed to be dominant factors affecting the dissolution rates. Further, crystallite size did not have a significant effect on the dissolution rates. Solid/liquid wettability seemed to affect the initial stage of dissolution reaction. The dissolution mechanism was found to be both mass transfer and interfacial reactions.

Measurement of Vulnerability of Financial Portfolio of Sharia Commercial Banks by Cardona Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Paulina Harun ◽  
Atman Poerwokoesoemo
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Face ◽  
Asset Portfolio

his study aims to: (1) to know and analyze the extent of volatility (vulnerability) of sharia banking industry in Indonesia in the face of competition (2) to know and analyze factors affecting vulnerability of sharia commercial banks; (3) to know and analyze the extent of sustainable development of sharia banking industry to Indonesia's economic development.The research conducted to measure the vulnerability (volatility) of proto folio of syariah bank using observation period 2015, and the data used is cross section data. The research design used in this research is quantitative research, using asset dimension (asset portfolio, liability portfolio, equity portfolio) and stressor (pressure, including: credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk).The activity plan of this research is: in the initial stage of conducting theoretical study related to the vulnerability related to banking especially BUS; The next step is to determine the asset and stressor dimensions associated with the BUS; Further determine the indicators related to assets and stressors; The next step performs calculations to determine the index of each BUS as well as the dimensions that affect the vulnerabilities faced by each BUS.Target expected outcomes can be generated from this research is: for the object of research (BUS) provide a solution for BUS to deal with and overcome the vulnerabilities encountered and policies that must be done. For policy makers, the results of this study are expected to provide input in decision-making and other policies.Measurement of vulnerability to be performed related to banking operations in the face of competition and the continuity of BUS in Indonesia. The outcomes of this study are expected to be included in Bank Indonesia journals, the selection of this journal is based on studies conducted in the banking sector, especially BUS in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling and experimental study on solid–liquid suspension separation in ultrasonic standing wave field

2021 ◽  
pp. 146134842110229
Author(s):  
Yajing Wang ◽  
Liqun Wu ◽  
Yaxing Wang ◽  
Yafei Fan
Keyword(s):  
Standing Wave ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Acoustic Radiation ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Radiation Force ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Ultrasonic Standing Wave ◽  
Solid Liquid

A new method of removing waste chips is proposed by focusing on the key factors affecting the processing quality and efficiency of high energy beams. Firstly, a mathematical model has been established to provide the theoretical basis for the separation of solid–liquid suspension under ultrasonic standing wave. Secondly, the distribution of sound field with and without droplet has been simulated. Thirdly, the deformation and movement of droplets are simulated and tested. It is found that the sound pressure around the droplet is greater than the sound pressure in the droplet, which can promote the separation of droplets and provide theoretical support for the ultrasonic suspension separation of droplet; under the interaction of acoustic radiation force, surface tension, adhesion, and static pressure, the droplet is deformed so that the gas fluid around the droplet is concentrated in the center to achieve droplet separation, and the droplet just as a flat ball with a central sag is stably suspended in the acoustic wave node.

scholarly journals The use of classical methods and neural networks in deformation studies of hydrotechnical objects

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 718-725
Author(s):  
Maria Mrówczyńska ◽  
Jacek Sztubecki ◽  
Małgorzata Sztubecka ◽  
Izabela Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Cylinder Surface ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Set Of Points

Abstract Objects’ measurements often boil down to the determination of changes due to external factors affecting on their structure. The estimation of changes in a tested object, in addition to proper measuring equipment, requires the use of appropriate measuring methods and experimental data result processing methods. This study presents a statement of results of geometrical measurements of a steel cylinder that constitutes the main structural component of the historical weir Czersko Polskie in Bydgoszcz. In the initial stage, the estimation of reliable changes taking place in the cylinder structure involved the selection of measuring points essential for mapping its geometry. Due to the continuous operation of the weir, the points covered only about one-third of the cylinder area. The set of points allowed us to determine the position of the cylinder axis as well as skews and deformations of the cylinder surface. In the next stage, the use of methods based on artificial neural networks allowed us to predict the changes in the tested object. Artificial neural networks have proved to be useful in determining displacements of building structures, particularly hydro-technical objects. The above-mentioned methods supplement classical measurements that create the opportunity for carrying out additional analyses of changes in a spatial position of such structures. The purpose of the tests is to confirm the suitability of artificial neural networks for predicting displacements of building structures, particularly hydro-technical objects.

scholarly journals Burden of illness for metastatic melanoma in Canada, 2011–2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Ernst ◽  
T. Petrella ◽  
A.M. Joshua ◽  
A. Hamou ◽  
M. Thabane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Registry Data ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Time To Recurrence ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Sites Of Metastases

Background Detailed epidemiology for patients with advanced metastatic melanoma in Canada is not well characterized. We conducted an analysis of patients with this disease in the province of Ontario, with the aim being to study the presentation, disease characteristics and course, and treatment patterns for malignant melanoma.Methods In this Canadian observational prospective and retrospective study of patients with malignant melanoma, we used data collected in the Canadian Melanoma Research Network (cmrn) Patient Registry. We identified patients who were seen at 1 of 3 cancer treatment centres between April 2011 and 30 April 2013. Patient data from 2011 and 2012 were collected retrospectively using chart records and existing registry data. Starting January 2013, data were collected prospectively. Variables investigated included age, sex, initial stage, histology, mutation type, time to recurrence, sites of metastases, resectability, and previous therapies.Results A cohort of 810 patients with melanoma was identified from the cmrn registry. Mean age was 58.7 years, and most patients were men (60% vs. 40%). Factors affecting survival included unresectable or metastatic melanoma, initial stage at diagnosis, presence of brain metastasis, and BRAF mutation status. The proportion of surviving patients decreased with higher initial disease stages.Conclusions Using registry data, we were able to determine the detailed epidemiology of patients with melanoma in the Canadian province of Ontario, validating the comprehensive and detailed information that can be obtained from registry data.

The Combined Effect of Chemical and Structural Factors on Pitting Corrosion Induced by MnS-(Cr, Mn, Al)O Duplex Inclusions

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2581 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Man ◽  
Chaofang Dong ◽  
Kui Xiao ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Xiaogang Li
Keyword(s):  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Mechanism ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Individual

In situ atomic force microscopy, scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, and potential pulse technology were used to study the pitting behavior induced by inclusions in AM355 martensitic stainless steel. The MnS-(Cr, Mn, Al)O duplex inclusion exhibited the highest sensitivity to the pitting corrosion with respect to the individual MnS and (Cr, Mn, Al)O inclusions. When exposed to a solution containing Cl−, the selective dissolution occurred on the sulfide segment of the duplex inclusion, leading to trenching along the oxide part. The dissolution mechanism of MnS segment in the duplex inclusion is similar to the individual MnS inclusion. The Cr depletion in the boundary layer at the inclusion/metal interface promoted the transition from metastable to stable pitting corrosion in the duplex inclusion.

scholarly journals The initial dissolution rates of simulated UK Magnox–ThORP blend nuclear waste glass as a function of pH, temperature and waste loading

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1529-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cassingham ◽  
C.L. Corkhill ◽  
D.J. Backhouse ◽  
R.J. Hand ◽  
J.V. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Kinetics ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Dissolution Mechanism ◽  
Dissolution Rates ◽  
Forward Rates ◽  
Glass Dissolution ◽  
High Level ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractThe first comprehensive assessment of the dissolution kinetics of simulant Magnox–ThORP blended UK high-level waste glass, obtained by performing a range of single-pass flow-through experiments, is reported here. Inherent forward rates of glass dissolution were determined over a temperature range of 23 to 70°C and an alkaline pH range of 8.0 to 12.0. Linear regression techniques were applied to the TST kinetic rate law to obtain fundamental parameters necessary to model the dissolution kinetics of UK high-level waste glass (the activation energy (Ea), pH power law coefficient (η) and the intrinsic rate constant (k0)), which is of importance to the post-closure safety case for the geological disposal of vitreous products. The activation energies based on B release ranged from 55 ± 3 to 83 ± 9 kJ mol–1, indicating that Magnox–THORP blend glass dissolution has a surface-controlled mechanism, similar to that of other high-level waste simulant glass compositions such as the French SON68 and LAW in the US. Forward dissolution rates, based on Si, B and Na release, suggested that the dissolution mechanism under dilute conditions, and pH and temperature ranges of this study, was not sensitive to composition as defined by HLW-incorporation rate.

In Situ Heating Transmission Electron Microscopy

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyasu Saka ◽  
Takeo Kamino ◽  
Shigeo Ara ◽  
Katsuhiro Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Size Dependence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

AbstractTemperature is one of the most important factors affecting the state and behavior of materials. In situ heating transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for understanding such temperature effects, and recently in situ heating TEM has made significant progress in terms of temperature available and resolution attained. This article briefly describes newly developed specimen-heating holders, which are useful in carrying out in situ heating TEM experiments. It then focuses on three main applications of these specimen holders: solid–solid reactions, solid–liquid reactions (including highresolution observation of a solid–liquid interface, size dependence of the melting temperatures of one-, two- and three-dimensionally reduced systems, size dependence of the contact angle of fine metal liquid, and wetting of Si with liquid Au or Al) and solid–gas reactions. These results illustrate the benefit of in situ heating TEM for providing fundamental information on temperature effects on materials.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Carbon Content Detection of Ferrochrome Alloy Using LIPS Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Xiao Mei Lin ◽  
Jin Tong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulse Energy ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Plasma Radiation ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Power Laser ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ferrochrome Alloy ◽  
Solid Liquid

Metal smelting process all kinds of element content directly influence the metal performance index and smelting process control .The amount of carbon become mainly alloy index for divided type and number. LIPS using high power laser ablation material produce plasma, in plasma radiation spectrum analysis; it could be used in the composition of solid, liquid and gas composition and concentration measurement. But the results of the measurement will be affected by some factors, this article through some experiments, that show the Influence factors for the measured results such as the delay time，the different environment of gas and the laser pulse energy and analyzed them.

scholarly journals Experimental design of fuse link with ceramic alloy: Cracking problem

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Şanyılmaz ◽  
Sermin Elevli
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Full Factorial

Low-voltage (LV) fuse systems, which open a circuit by cutting the current when it exceeds a given value for an adequate period, are used in nonresidential, commercial, and industrial buildings. LV-fuse systems consist of a fuse base, fuse link, and a detachable operating handle. The fuse link is made of a ceramic alloy. In this study, a full-factorial experimental design with two levels was used to solve the fracture problem of fuse links. In this scope, performance criteria (compressive strength), factors affecting the performance criteria (moisture ratio, shaping duration, drying duration, and firing duration) and factor levels were determined in the initial stage. Main effects and interactions among factors were investigated, and factor-level combinations that maximize the compressive strength were determined according to results of analysis. Finally, the relationship between compressive strength and experimental factors was presented in the form of f = y(x) for prediction purposes.

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