Evaluation of biological efficiency, nutrient contents and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus pulmonarius enriched with Zinc and Iron

Mushroom cultivation has continued to receive growing attention because of its nutritional and medicinal values. However, this study examined the effect of hardwood sawdust on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius were investigated. Relationship between fungal incidence of the substrates (sawdust) and that of the mushroom were examined. Both Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius were inoculated on fermented and unfermented sawdust of Tectonal grandis and Celtis zenkeri. The fruiting bodies of the mushrooms were harvested and the growth parameters and biological efficiency was recorded. The isolated resident fungi were identified after obtaining pure cultures. The collected data were subjected to analysis (ANOVA) using Generalized Linear Model Procedure (GLM) of Statistical Analysis software (SAS). Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at p ≤ 0.05. Some of the growth parameters of P. ostreatus were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) better than that of P. pulmonarius. Tectona grandis and Celtis zenkeri sawdust had significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on different growth parameters of the two mushrooms. Fermentation or non-fermentation of the substrates (sawdust) had no significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on growth parameters of the mushrooms. Growth parameters of the two mushrooms were significantly better in 0% additive (p ≤ 0.05) than in the other additive concentrations. Five fungi were identified as indigenous fungi of the unfermented sawdust which did not significantly differ from those of the fermented sawdust and mushrooms. Nutritional composition of the mushrooms that grew on fermented and unfermented sawdust were good and comparable. The mushrooms were rich in protein, fibre, ash, moisture, fat and carbohydrate. Cultivation of mushrooms on hardwood sawdust is thus an effective means of managing such waste.

Download Full-text

Bioconversion of Sawdust and Paper Treaded with Edible Fungus (Pleurotus pulmonarius)

Asian Journal of Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology ◽

10.9734/ajb2t/2019/v5i230058 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jesupemi Mercy Enibukun ◽

Sunday Ademola Laba

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Enzymes ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Paper Waste ◽

Edible Fungus ◽

Fiber Fractions

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Pleurotus pulmonarius on proximate composition and solid-state fermentation of sawdust and waste paper, and to quantify the soluble sugar produced in the biodegraded samples. Studies were carried out on the biodegradation of sawdust and paper using P. pulmonarius in cultures incubated for 90 days. The results of proximate analysis showed decrease in moisture content crude fiber and hemicellulose, while ash and cellulose were increased. Sawdust has higher soluble sugar content at 30-90 days of fermentation. The crude fibre decreased significantly from 45.5% to 32.4%, 48.2% to 32.9%, 55.5% to 32.8%, 53.4 to 32.1%, 44.5% to 27.5% for sawdust (SD), paper-waste (PW), and three proportional ratio mixtures (PW1:SD3, PW3:SD1, PW1:SD1) substrates respectively. The nutrient contents, pH values, (%) fiber fractions showed significant differences of (P≤0.05) in the five substrates as the fermentation. Lignin contents of treated paper waste and sawdust were degraded by P. pulmonarius and a decrease was observed. There were also consistent significant decreases (P< 0.05) in the values obtained for NDF, ADF, ADL. Percentage NDF 75.4% to 57.32%, 68.1% to 57.05%, 67.21% to 56.8%, 75.49% to 58.36%, 74.3% to 59.13% for SD, PW, PW1:SD3, PW3:SD1, and PW1:SD1 substrates, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the hemicellulose and cellulose contents. The results obtained from the bioconversion process of selected wastes reveals the potential of extracellular enzymes produced by P. pulmonarius as a biotechnological tool for the transformation of waste in biological product.

Download Full-text

Effect of different spawn rates and substrate supplementation on yield of Indian Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel.

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i3.1375 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1406-1410

Author(s):

Joginder Pal ◽

Ranjna Sharma ◽

Manohar Lal ◽

B. C. Suman

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Cotton Seed ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Cotton Seed Meal

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different spawn rates and substrate supplementation on yield of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel. Among six spawn rates viz., 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%, respectively tried on wheat straw substrate, the spawn run was fastest (10.50 days) when spawn dose was 8%, followed by 6%, 4%, 2%, 1% and 0.5%, respectively. The pinheads appeared in 12.27 days by using spawn @ 8%, which proved to be the best spawn dose followed by 6%, 4%, 2%, 1% and 0.5%, respectively. Highest yield of 168.7 per 200g dry substrate was achieved @ 8% spawn rate. Lesser yields were recorded when spawn rate was reduced. The results also reveals the significantly highest biological efficiency of 84.33% at 8% spawn rate followed by 6%, 4%, 2%, 1% and 0.5%, respectively. It was concluded that spawn run was rapid at higher spawn rate but there was not much difference in yield when spawn dose was increased from 4 to 8%. Considering spawn cost and performance shown by different doses, 2-4% was found optimum dose for its cultivation.In case of substrate supplementation, wheat straw supplemented with cotton seed meal supported maximum mycelial growth (10.50 days of inoculation) and took mini-mum time for pinheads initiation (13.67 days). Similarly, maximum yield (155.3g) with biological efficiency of 77.65% was recorded on wheat straw supplemented with cotton seed meal followed by supplementation of saw dust, wheat straw (control), calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), ammonium nitrateand urea, respectively. These studies will help to mushroom growers for selecting the most suitable spawn rate and also opens viable option of supplementation as wheat straw + cotton seed meal for better growth behaviour and optimum yield potential of Pleurotus pulmonarius as well as other oyster mushrooms cultivation.

Download Full-text

Anthocyanin, nutrient contents, and antioxidant activity of black rice bran of Oryza sativa L. ‘Cempo Ireng’ from Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.22146/ijbiotech.26401 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pratiwi Apridamayanti ◽

Rarastoeti Pratiwi ◽

Yekti Asih Purwestri ◽

Woro Anindito Sri Tunjung ◽

Rumiyati Rumiyati

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Black Rice ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Macro And Micronutrients ◽

Black Rice Bran

The chemical contents and health benefits of black rice bran of some rice cultivars have been investigated. However, there has been little research on the ‘Cempo Ireng’ cultivar from Sleman, Yogyakarta. The aim of this present study was to determine the anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, and macro- and micronutrients contents of black rice bran from this local cultivar. The anthocyanin in the black rice bran was extracted using the maceration method with methanol as a solvent. The extract obtained was separated through a preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) of silica GF254 and a mobile phase composed of n-butanol, acetic acid, and water. Two fractions were collected and analyzed for the anthocyanin content. The preparative TLC spots were separated for further detection and measurement of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside using HPLC followed by LC-MS. The antioxidant activity of the fractions were measured using the DPPH free radical scavenging method. The results showed that the anthocyanin in fraction 1 was identified as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (66.1 ± 10.6 µg/g). The IC50 of fractions 1 and 2 were 200.96 and 218.36 µg/mL, respectively. Analysis of the macro- and micronutrients revealed that the black rice bran of ‘Cempo Ireng’ had nutrient contents comparable with other rice cultivars. Therefore, this local black rice bran can be used as a source of antioxidants and macro-- and micronutrients.

Download Full-text

Utilisation of non-traditional forms of cereals in bakery production

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/245/2013-cjfs ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 296-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Laknerová ◽

M. Holasová ◽

V. Fiedlerová ◽

J. Rysová ◽

VaculováK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Processing Quality ◽

Total Polyphenols ◽

Total Dietary Fiber ◽

Nutrient Contents

One form of common wheat with yellow coloured grain, two forms of emmer wheat, and two forms of barley with hulless grain were used for the preparation of bread with enhanced nutritional quality. The following mill products were prepared from the cereal grains: wholemeal flour, break flour, barley grits, and break bran. The contents of thiamin, niacin, pyridoxine, total polyphenols, and total dietary fiber were studied in these raw materials and bread samples. Further, in the bread samples, the antioxidant activity was assessed and sensory evaluation was performed. As a result, the utilisation of the non-traditional forms of cereals improved nutrient contents of bread while maintaining very good sensory characterising and processing quality.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Activity and Proximate Analysis of Dry Powder from Brown Seaweed Sargassum hystrix

Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada ◽

10.22146/jfs.23885 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Radipta Lailatussifa ◽

Amir Husni ◽

Alim Isnansetyo

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Brown Seaweed ◽

Water Extract ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dry Powder ◽

Nutrient Contents

This research aims to know antioxidant activity, total phenolic, nutrient, and screening phytochemistry compounds of S. hystrix dry powder. Water extract from the dried sample of brown algae (S. hystrix) was prepared and examined for its phenolic compounds. The amount of total phenolic compounds in water extract was about 11.43 g Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/100 g of dry basis sample, as measured by using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity (Radical Scavenging Activity/RSA) of BHT as a standard was high about 96% inhibition of radical DPPH with 1 mg dry sample/ml solvent. The IC50 of the BHT was 0.227 ± 0.001 mg of dry sample/ ml solvent. While the radical activity (RSA) of S. hystrix dry powder was about 65.28% at 1 mg dry sample/ml solvent. The IC50 of S. hystrix dry powder was 0.616 ± 0.005 mg of dry sample/ml solvent. Nutrient contents and bioactive compounds of dry powder S. hystrix were balanced to support antioxidant activity of the sample. The results suggest that this alga is a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Download Full-text

Optimization of agro-residues as substrates for Pleurotus pulmonarius production

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-019-0907-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nan Wu ◽

Fenghua Tian ◽

Odeshnee Moodley ◽

Bing Song ◽

Chuanwen Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

High Yield ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Corn Straw ◽

Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Soybean Straw ◽

Agro Residues

AbstractThe “replacing wood by grass” project can partially resolve the conflict between mushroom production and balancing the ecosystem, while promoting agricultural economic sustainability. Pleurotus pulmonarius is an economically important edible and medicinal mushroom, which is traditionally produced using a substrate consisting of sawdust and cottonseed hulls, supplemented with wheat bran. A simplex lattice design was applied to systemically optimize the cultivation of P. pulmonarius using agro-residues as the main substrate to replace sawdust and cottonseed hulls. The effects of differing amounts of wheat straw, corn straw, and soybean straw on the variables of yield, mycelial growth rate, stipe length, pileus length, pileus width, and time to harvest were demonstrated. Results indicated that a mix of wheat straw, corn straw, and soybean straw may have significantly positive effects on each of these variables. The high yield comprehensive formula was then optimized to include 40.4% wheat straw, 20.3% corn straw, 18.3% soybean straw, combined with 20.0% wheat bran, and 1.0% light CaCO3 (C/N = 42.50). The biological efficiency was 15.2% greater than that of the control. Most encouraging was the indication that the high yield comprehensive formula may shorten the time to reach the reproductive stage by 6 days, compared with the control. Based on the results of this study, agro-residues may be used as a suitable substitution for sawdust and cottonseed hulls as the main cultivation substrates of P. pulmonarius. These results provide a theoretical basis for the “replacing wood by grass” project on edible mushroom cultivation.

Download Full-text

Fortifikasi senyawa selenium pada jamur tiram coklat (Pleurotus pulmonarius dan Pleurotus sajor-caju)

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i1.353 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Firda DIMAWARNITA ◽

Yora FARAMITA ◽

. TRI-PANJI

Keyword(s):

Fruiting Body ◽

Sodium Selenite ◽

Food Source ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Growth Media ◽

Efficiency Ratio ◽

Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽

Oyster Mushrooms ◽

Pleurotus Sajor Caju ◽

High Concentrations

Selenium (Se) is one of the most important micronutrients needed for human health. However, the content of Se compound in animals and plants isrelativelysmallin order to meet recommended intakes of Se. Therefore, Se fortification in food source, such as mushroom, is needed. In this study, fortification was carried out by adding sodium selenite to the growth media (the mixture of sawdust and OPEFB) of brown oyster mushrooms included Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus sajor-caju, in various concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 ppm. The results showed that the highest absorption of Se in P. pulmonarius and P. sojur caju (3.51 and 2.31 %, respectively) obtained from 200 ppm sodium selenite addition. High concentrations of sodium selenite in baglog media tend to inhibit mycellium growth and the production of mushroom fruiting body. The additions of 200 ppm sodium selenite in baglog media of P. pulmonarius and P. sajor-caju were the best treatment in term of the fastest mycelium coverage in 40 and 37 days with the highest biological efficiency ratio (BER) value of 18.80 and 17.89 %, respectively.Layu Senyawa selenium (Se) merupakan salah satu mikronutrien terpenting yang harus dipenuhi kebutuhannya dalam tubuh. Akan tetapi, kandungan senyawa Se pada hewan dan tumbuhan sangat kecil untuk memenuhi kebutuhan asupan Se yang dianjurkan. Oleh karena itu, fortifikasi Se pada sumber pangan seperti pada jamur diperlukan. Dalam penelitian ini, fortifikasi dilakukan dengan menambahkan sodium selenit ke dalam media pertumbuhan (campuran serbuk gergaji dan TKKS) jamur tiram coklat, yaitu Pleurotus pulmonarius dan Pleurotus sajor-caju dengan berbagai konsentrasi,diantaranya: 100, 200, 300, dan 400 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyerapan Se tertinggi pada P. pulmonarius dan P. sojurcaju yaitu masing-masingsebesar 3,51 dan 2,31% diperoleh dari penambahan sodium selenit 200 ppm. Konsentrasi sodium selenit yang tinggi pada media baglog cenderung menghambat pertumbuhan miselium dan produksi tubuh buah jamur. Penambahan sodium selenit sebanyak 200 ppm pada media baglog P. pulmonarius dan P. sajor-caju merupakan perlakuan terbaik ditinjau dari waktu tercepat pertumbuhan miselium jamur menutupi media dalam baglog, yaitu masing-masing 40 dan 37 hari dengan nilai biological efficiency ratio (BER) tertinggi, yaitu 18,80 dan 17,89 % secara berurutan.

Download Full-text

Carbon Monoxide Fumigation Improved the Quality, Nutrients, and Antioxidant Activities of Postharvest Peach

International Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1155/2014/834150 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shaoying Zhang ◽

Ying Li ◽

Fei Pei

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

High Concentration ◽

Nutrient Contents

Peaches (Prunus persicacv. Yanhong) were fumigated with carbon monoxide (CO) at 0, 0.5, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L for 2 hours. The result showed that low concentration CO (0.5–10 μmol/L) might delay the decrease of firmness and titrable acid content, restrain the increase of decay incidence, and postpone the variation of soluble solids content, but treating peaches with high concentration CO (20 μmol/L) demonstrated adverse effects. Further research exhibited that exogenous CO could induce the phenylalnine ammonialyase activity, maintain nutrient contents such as Vitamin C, total flavonoid, and polyphenol, and enhance antioxidant activity according to reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Treating peaches with appropriate concentration CO was beneficial to the quality, nutrients, and antioxidant activity of postharvest peaches during storage time. Therefore, CO fumigation might probably become a novel method to preserve postharvest peach and other fruits in the future.

Download Full-text