Evaluation of the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on germination and morphological characteristics of bread wheat

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Tabatabai ◽  
Farideh Goshasbi ◽  
Behnam Bakhshi
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Morphological Characteristics

Morphological Characteristics of Mitochondria and Cultured Cells Made Permeable for Enzyme Studies

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
W. A. Shannog ◽  
M. A. Matlib ◽  
J. B. Robinson ◽  
M. Hochli ◽  
P. A. Srere
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Fixation ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Toluene Concentration ◽  
Htc Cells

Toluene has been used to make various cells permeable to exogenous substrates. More recently we have extended the method to heart and liver mitochondria (1,2). We reduced the toluene concentration and included 8.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) to stabilize these organelles (1).In this study, liver and heart isolated mitochondria and hepatoma type cells (HTC cells) in PEG were treated with either 2% or 0.1% toluene, respectively. The HTC cells were in a solution of 10% PEG, the optimal concentration indicated by biochemical data. The mitochondria were fixed in suspension in 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.3). It was necessary to add 50% gl utaral dehyde to the HTC cells in PEG-buffer to give a final 3% concentration in order to prevent gross morphological degradation determined to be a result of aqueous glutaraldehyde fixation. Following treatment, specimens were post-fixed in 1% OsO4 and prepared for electron microscopy (1,2).

scholarly journals Grouping Bread Wheat Genotypes and Lines based on Some Morphological Traits Using Multivariate Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pasandi ◽  
M. Janmohammadi ◽  
Z. Movahedi ◽  
N. Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Improvement Programs

AbstractThe knowledge about the extent of variability among bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) genotypes is a high value for the genetic improvement programs and the efficient genetic diversity utilization of plant materials. The objective of this research was to assess the morphological characteristics of 56 common wheat genotypes which were planted under field condition and their morphological traits were recorded. The principal components (PC) analysis, factor analysis and clustering procedure were applied to group genotypes according to similarity on the basis of the measured traits. Results showed that the first two PCs explain 41% of the total variation. The PC and factor analyses grouped genotypes into four groups while the cluster analysis grouped them into five distinct clusters. The cluster I had good resistance to yellow rust and salinity while the cluster II, had good resistance to drought, cold and salinity. The cluster III had high tolerance to cold stress and low temperatures but the cluster IV had good tolerance to drought, brown rust and yellow rust. Also, cluster V had various properties including tolerance abiotic stresses, resistance to biotic stresses, resistant to lodging and semi-dwarf property. The results of this research will support efforts of conservation and utilization of genotypes in bread wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. callus genotypes for water stress tolerance using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Proline Concentration

A fixed callus weight of 150 mg was induced from immature embryos of three bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. genotypes (Tamos 2, El-izz and Mutant 1) cultured on nutrient medium {MS) containing Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) supplemented with concentrations (0.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 or 12.0%) to evaluate their tolerance to water stress. Cultures were incubated in darkness at temperature of 25?1 ?C. Callus fresh and dry weights were recorded and soluble Carbohydrate and the amino acid Proline concentrations were determined. Results showed that there were significant differences in studied parameters among bread wheat genotypes of which Tamos 2 was higher in callus average fresh and dry weights which gave 353.33 and 38.46 mg/cultured tube respectively. Tamos 2 was also higher in soluble Carbohydrate and Proline concentrations which gave 189.84 and 12.30 mg/g respectively. Results also showed that there was significant reduction in callus average fresh and dry weights and soluble Carbohydrates concentration as concentrations of PEG increased in cultured medium, whereas average Proline concentration increased as PEG concentrations increased. The results also revealed significant interactions among the genotypes and PEG concentrations in all studied parameters. It can be concluded thatTamos 2 genotype showed better tolerance to drought than the other two genotypes

scholarly journals STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPIKES AND GRAINS OF BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheyed & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Storage Characteristics

This study was conducted to identify the storage characteristics of spikes of five bread wheat cultivars (Abu-Ghraib3, IPA-99, Boohooth-22, Al-Rashid and Al-Wafeer). These spikes were gathered and compacted in cubic box (25×25×25 cm) with different weight masses (0, 3, 6 and 9 kg container -1). A laboratory experiment was carried out in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Field Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences-University of Baghdad. Results revealed significant differences among cultivars, masses levels and their interaction for all studied characters. Abu-Ghraib3 gave the highest mean of spikes number and less mean for the broken spikes and shuttered grains. While Al-Wafeer gave the highest mean of total grains weight resulted from spikes shuttering and grains space. However, Al-Rashid gave the highest mean of broken spikes, shuttered grains and replacement percentage in the container. Increasing the weight masses imposed on the gathered spikes in the container increased all studied characters. It can be concluded that the varieties were different in their spikes morphological characteristics as smaller spikes sizes the less losses resulted from spikes pressure.

The impact of breeding on genetic diversity and erosion in bread wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Donini ◽  
John R. Law ◽  
Robert M. D. Koebner ◽  
James C. Reeves ◽  
Robert J. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dna Microsatellite ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the fate of alleles and changes of genetic diversity in old (ca 1930s) versus more modern (ca 1990s) UK bread wheat varieties using 14 mapped DNA microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) loci and morphological markers. The allelic constitution of varieties belonging to three time periods (early, intermediate, late) was determined. While at certain loci one or more SSR alleles were gained between early and late periods, at others the allelic representation remained constant, although a shift in allelic frequencies could sometimes be detected. No locus showed a clear, net loss in the total number of alleles over the time period. In a further group of loci, there was neither clear gain nor loss, but rather a dynamic flux of alleles. A comparison of the allelic constitution of the UK variety set with a larger genetic pool (non-UK varieties) showed that some loci were rather similar in allelic constitution, while others possessed additional diversity. Certain SSR alleles appeared to be associated with old or modern varieties, possibly indicating associations with chromosome regions under selection pressure. The same exercise was conducted on the basis of 14 of the morphological characteristics recorded in the course of distinctness, uniformity and stability testing of varieties. Overall, this analysis generated a similar picture of changes in diversity to that obtained from the microsatellite data.

IN VITRO STUDIES ON BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE USING POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-620
Author(s):  
M. Helaly ◽  
Z. Mohamed ◽  
R. Fouda ◽  
Sally Arafa
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

scholarly journals The creation and characterization of the bread wheat line with a centric translocation T2DL.2RL

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 846-855
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Ivanova ◽  
L. A. Solovey ◽  
D. B. Loginova ◽  
E. E. Miroshnikova ◽  
N. I. Dubovets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Translocation Line ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Wheat Gene ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Chromosome Modifications

The development of bread wheat introgressions with alien genetic material from cultural and wild Triticeae species is an effective method for expanding the wheat gene pool necessary for breeding. To date, numerous collections of introgressions as substitutions and chromosome modifications have been obtained; however, the creation and study of wheat with new valuable traits still remain an important line of research. Rye Secale cereale L., whose chromosomes carry genes that control valuable economic and biological characteristics and properties, is widely used to produce new wheat forms. In this study, a wheat-rye translocation obtained by backcrossing the wheat-rye disomic-substitution line 2R(2D)1 with the variety Novosibirskaya 67 was characterized. The chromosomal composition of karyotypes was studied using fluorescent in situ hybridization and C-banding. Two centric translocations, derived from two long arms of chromosomes 2D and 2R, T2DL.2RL, were identified, the remaining 40 wheat chromosomes did not undergo modifications. Meiosis in the lines was stable. Chromosomes T2DL.2RL formed bivalents in all meiocytes, which confirmed their homology. The morphological characteristics of the spike in the T2DL.2RL line and Novosibirskaya 67 did not differ. A comparative analysis of productivity between the T2DL.2RL translocation line and the parental forms, Novosibirskaya 67 and the 2R(2D)1 line, was carried out. The T2DL.2RL line is inferior to Novosibirskaya 67 in all characters with different confidence levels. The productivity characters of the 2R(2D)1 line exceeded or did not differ from those of T2DL.2RL, however, the mass of 1000 grains was significantly lower. The results showed the effect of the T2DL.2RL translocation on the trait “plant height”. This character was significantly lower than that of Novosibirskaya 67 in two vegetation periods. Consequently, the T2DL.2RL translocation reduces plant height and productivity.

Morphological characteristics of selenium-polyethylene glycol nanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1625-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Kipper ◽  
A. V. Titova ◽  
L. N. Borovikova ◽  
O. A. Pisarev
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Morphological Characteristics

scholarly journals Polymeric Nanosuspensions for Enhanced Dissolution of Water Insoluble Drugs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Yadollahi ◽  
Krasimir Vasilev ◽  
Clive A. Prestidge ◽  
Spomenka Simovic
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Enhanced Dissolution ◽  
Insoluble Drugs ◽  
Model Water

The aim of the present research is to formulate and evaluate polymeric nanosuspensions containing three model water insoluble drugs, nifedipine (NIF), carbamazepine (CBZ), and ibuprofen (IBU) with various physicochemical properties. The nanosuspensions were prepared from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by a cosolvent technique with polyethylene glycol (PEG-300) and water as the cosolvents. Physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the nanosuspensions (particle size, polydispersity index, and crystallinity) have been correlated with the drug release behaviour. The effects of polymer, drug ratio on the physical, morphological, and dissolution characteristics of the drugs are reported. Drug release is significantly enhanced from the nanosuspensions; for example, the maximum NIF, IBU, and CBZ concentrations after 8-hour dissolution are increased approximately 37, 2, and 1.2 times, respectively, in comparison with the pure powdered drugs. Based on this solubilization enhancement performance, the nanosuspensions have potential for increasing the orally dosed bioavailability of NIF, IBU, and CBZ.

Characterization of Bionanocomposites PHB, PEG and Organophilic Clay

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo Miguel da Silva Jr. ◽  
Isaias Damasceno Conceição ◽  
João Emídio da Silva Neto ◽  
Tatianny Soares Alves ◽  
Renata Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Organophilic Clay ◽  
Cloisite 20A

In this study, it was investigated the structural and morphological characteristics of bionanocomposites of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), containing 5% polyethylene glycol (PEG), 1% and 3% two types of organoclays (Cloisite 20A and vermiculite). The systems in the form of films were prepared by the method of intercalation solution. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). It was observed that, according to the type of clay used, the systems showed intercalated structures or partially exfoliated ones. Regarding the FTIR results, they indicated that the addition of different clays to the PHB/PEG blend did not promote significant changes in the chemistry of the polymer matrix.

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