scholarly journals Understanding permaculturist motivations among residents of the “PermaKulturRaum” in Goettingen, Germany: a qualitative analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Petri ◽  
Heiko Faust
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
The Core ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
The Individual

AbstractBy using an inductive qualitative approach, investigating the micro scale, that is, the individual level, we conducted a case study on the PermaKulturRaum in Goettingen, Germany—an experimental space for students to explore alternative lifedesigns. On the supposition that only a radical transition can achieve sustainability on a global scale, we identified permaculture as an appropriate method to achieve this. However, permaculture is not widely spread and largely ignored by scientific research. We started a first attempt to understand the underlying motivations of permaculturists. Using behavioral studies as our theoretical framework, we found out that behavioral determinants, like biospheric values, green-identity, and the intention to act green were extraordinarily high and that the core of their pro-environmental behavior is most likely their strong intrinsic motivation. Regarding the PermaKulturRaum, we could formulate following theses: (1) a comprehensive implementation of permacultural aspects requires an urge for an alternative lifedesign, (2) a radical lifedesign attracts primarily like-minded people, which creates isolated spaces, (3) early childhood experiences or single key moments are important to trigger a pro-environmental interest.

Reply to Connor and Evers (2020): Critique of the Bias of Crowds Model Simply Restates the Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Payne ◽  
Heidi A. Vuletich ◽  
Kristjen B. Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Core ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
The Individual

The Bias of Crowds model (Payne, Vuletich, & Lundberg, 2017) argues that implicit bias varies across individuals and across contexts. It is unreliable and weakly associated with behavior at the individual level. But when aggregated to measure context-level effects, the scores become stable and predictive of group-level outcomes. We concluded that the statistical benefits of aggregation are so powerful that researchers should reconceptualize implicit bias as a feature of contexts, and ask new questions about how implicit biases relate to systemic racism. Connor and Evers (2020) critiqued the model, but their critique simply restates the core claims of the model. They agreed that implicit bias varies across individuals and across contexts; that it is unreliable and weakly associated with behavior at the individual level; and that aggregating scores to measure context-level effects makes them more stable and predictive of group-level outcomes. Connor and Evers concluded that implicit bias should be considered to really be noisily measured individual construct because the effects of aggregation are merely statistical. We respond to their specific arguments and then discuss what it means to really be a feature of persons versus situations, and multilevel measurement and theory in psychological science more broadly.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Local Wisdom (studi kasus di TK Islam PAS Munqidzatun Nasyi’ah Desa Wilangan Kecamatan Sambit Kabupaten Ponorogo)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Tamrin Fatoni
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Free Communication ◽  
The Core ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Developing powerful communications technology has created unlimited free communication. The negative impact of this phenomenon is when a culture that is not good from the outside is swallowed out by children who are still young. As a result, it will easily experience cultural dislocation. One of the legacies of local wisdom that are not interested in the midst of the community is the Javanese dolanan song. Therefore all efforts must be sought from the very beginning. These efforts can be done through various ways, including habituation of children to play and sing songs (songs) dolanan Javanese, which actually contains a lot of character values. This study included a descriptive study, a case study at PAS Munqidzatun Nasyi'ah Wilangan Islamic Kindergarten. This study aims to describe; 1. Describe the form of character education in PAS Munqidzatun Nasyi'ah Wilangan Islamic Kindergarten. 2. Describe the strategy for implementing character education in PAS Munqidzatun Nasyi'ah Wilangan Islamic Kindergarten. 3. Describe the results of character education in PAS Munqidzatun Nasyi'ah Wilangan Islamic Kindergarten. This research includes field research using a qualitative approach. In collecting data, the author uses the method of interviews, observation, and documentation as a data collection technique. The technique chosen in data analysis is data reduction, data display and conclusions or verification. From this study it can be seen that: 1. the form of character education in PAS Islamic Kindergarten Munqidzatun Nasyi'ah Wilangan is a local widom-based character education (local wisdom) in the form of Javanese dolanan songs. There are three dolanan songs used for character planting, namely Sluku-sluku Bathok, gundul-gundul Pachol and Menthok-menthok. 2. The strategy for the implementation of character education in PAS Islamic Kindergarten Munqidzatun Nasyi'ah Wilangan is to use reflective methods. This can be proven by giving an explanation of moral values ​​to students, after the song is finished the song is sung both in class before the core lesson begins or while playing outside the classroom. 3. The results of character education at PAS Islam Munqidzatun Nasyi'ah Wilangan Kindergarten have fulfilled the values ​​of the basic characters, namely: a. Respectful and polite character through greeting each other and shaking hands. b. This character of independence and responsibility can be seen from throwing garbage in its place.

The Macrofoundations

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-60
Author(s):  
Maria Koinova
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Weak States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Core ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Transnational Social Fields ◽  
Spatial Linkages ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Chapter 2 is the first theoretical chapter developing the contours of the theory of socio-spatial positionality and how it applies to the four types of diaspora entrepreneurs—Broker, Local, Distant, and Reserved. They operate in transnational social fields, simultaneously embedded in different global contexts. The chapter builds on diaspora-, host-land-, and home-land-centric theories and further integrates three streams of thought that have not been in conversation with one another. First, it reimagines transnational social fields from a socio-spatial positionality perspective, considering earlier work in International Political Sociology. Secondly, it draws on scholarship on fragile and weak states in IR, especially on de facto states, and discusses their place in the international system and the rationales through which they engage diasporas abroad. Third, the chapter consults relational theories in IR, demonstrating that durable interactions among actors in international politics form structures spanning borders. These theories are useful to think about configurations of socio-spatial linkages of the four types of diaspora entrepreneurs, at the core of the typology. The chapter then lays out the socio-spatial positionality approach and its major features—relativity, power, fluidity, and perception—while delving deeper into the individual level of analysis. The four types of diaspora entrepreneurs have different socio-spatial positionalities at the intersection of various global contexts that empower them differently to pursue homeland-oriented goals. The chapter ends with a discussion about structure and agency in diaspora mobilizations.

scholarly journals The Requirement for Information Governance Policy Framework in Malaysian Public Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.15) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Noursilawati Abdul Halim ◽  
Zawiyah M.Yusof ◽  
Nor Azan M. Zin
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core ◽  
Information Governance

The Information Governance (IG) Policy Framework sets out the standard to be applied for managing information including the principle, standard, procedure and guideline. This study seeks to identify the significant and appropriate factors underlying the IG policy in common. The identified factors are then verified for their appropriateness to be practiced in the public sector in Malaysia. The literature suggests that control, quality, compliance, transparency, value, accessibility, security, sharing, accountability, and privacy are the core factors essential for the IG policy framework. A survey method, using qualitative approach with interview, observation, and document content analysis are used as the data collection techniques. The sample is determined by purposive sampling and snowball and the Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU) was chosen as a case study. Findings show that there is as yet no appropriate IG policy framework which can be referred to by the public sector in executing information governance initiative. The proposed framework is of help especially to MAMPU in getting a guide for the execution the IG initiative in the Malaysian public sector.     

scholarly journals Report-back for geo-referenced environmental data: A case study on personal monitoring of temperature in outdoor workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Thompson ◽  
Maggie Sugg ◽  
Jennifer Runkle
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Behavioural Modification ◽  
The Individual

Few studies have evaluated the benefits of reporting back participatory environmental monitoring results, particularly regarding participant motivation toward behavioural modification concerning workplace heat exposure. This study evaluated the individual data report-back for geo-located environmental temperature and time activity patterns in grounds maintenance crews in three geographic regions across the South-eastern United States. Surveys collected information on worker interpretation of their results and intended action(s) to reduce heat exposure. Worker response was highly positive, especially among more experienced workers who expressed a greater willingness to modify personal behaviour to reduce heat stress. Individual-level report-back of environmental data is a powerful tool for individuals to understand and act on their personal exposure to heat.

Political Segregation of the Metropolis: Spatial Sorting by Partisan Voting in Metropolitan Minneapolis–St Paul

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle E. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Central City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Twin Cities ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Spatial Sorting ◽  
The Individual

Recent electoral research has claimed that individuals in the United States are self–segregating along political lines. In this paper, I use the Twin Cities, Minnesota, metropolitan area as a case study to test for the presence of political segregation through statistical and spatial analyses of electoral data from 1992 to 2012. I find that while segregation by partisan voting at the individual level is comparatively low, it has increased during the study period, and there exists substantial spatial clustering in voting patterns at aggregate levels. These distinct electoral divides between central city and exurb suggest spatial sorting of the electorate in the metropolitan area.

scholarly journals A Core/Periphery Perspective on Individual Creative Performance: Social Networks and Cinematic Achievements in the Hollywood Film Industry

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Cattani ◽  
Simone Ferriani
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hollywood Film ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
The Core ◽  
Organization Science ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Building

The paper advances a relational perspective to studying creativity at the individual level. Building on social network theory and techniques, we examine the role of social networks in shaping individuals' ability to generate a creative outcome. More specifically, we argue that individuals who occupy an intermediate position between the core and the periphery of their social system are in a favorable position to achieve creative results. In addition, the benefits accrued through an individual's intermediate core/periphery position can also be observed at the team level, when the same individual works in a team whose members come from both ends of the core/periphery continuum. We situate the analysis and test our hypotheses within the context of the Hollywood motion picture industry, which we trace over the period 1992–2003. The theoretical implications of the results are discussed. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. You are free to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this work, but you must attribute this work as “Organization Science. Copyright © 2017 INFORMS. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1070.0350 , used under a Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .”

The myth of the secular–Islamist divide in Muslim politics: Evidence from Tunisia

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Muslim Politics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Interviews

Many scholars argue that politics in majority-Muslim societies are marked by deep polarization: dominated by struggles between secularists and Islamists who hold fundamentally divergent ideological positions. Yet, this finding is likely a result of scholarly focus on Islamist organizations and political parties rather than their constituencies. Using Tunisia as a case study, this article investigates attitudinal polarization between secularists and Islamists at the individual level using a mixed-method design combining statistical analyses of survey data with content analyses of in-depth interviews. Statistical results indicate that Islamists are no different from non-Islamists in attitudes about excommunication ( takfir), popular sovereignty, women’s rights, or minority rights, though they are more skeptical of democracy and express less religious tolerance. Interview results show that many political procedures advocated by Islamists resemble the secular procedures they seek to replace and, though secularists tend to have negative views of Islamists, many express support for Islamist ideological positions. Taken together, these findings provide little evidence of attitudinal polarization along the so-called secular–Islamist divide.

scholarly journals Transitional Justice in Rwanda: Analysis of Reconciliation Initiatives in Musha Village

Politologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-148
Author(s):  
Urtė Jakubėnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
National Government ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

The article examines how reconciliation is perceived at the individual level. This particular case study analyses what types of reconciliation practices exist in Musha village and whether or not the inhabitants see it as effective ones. In an attempt to investigate the reconciliation definition from the local people’s perspective and to observe their community-level experiences, ethnographic fieldwork in Rwanda has been conducted. This study reveals that locals understand reconciliation in the same way as the government authorities proclaim. Data gathered during this field trip indicate the significance of reconciliation as controlled by the national government. As a consequence, the people are not able, and at the same time, are not really concerned about rethinking reconciliation in other possible ways. Furthermore, this concludes the fact that the central authorities have become able to peacefully construct the narrative of forced reconciliation, while social exclusion in the country still robustly prevails.

scholarly journals Means, Motives and Opportunity: determinants of community health worker performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna John ◽  
Thomas Newton-Lewis ◽  
Shuchi Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Worker Performance ◽  
Performance Problem ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Job Role

The performance of community health workers (CHWs) typically depends on the interaction between their motivation (their intent to achieve personal and organisational goals) and the constraints that they face in doing so. These constraints can be both at the individual level, for example, whether the worker has the skills and knowledge required to deliver on their job role, and the organisational level, for example, whether the worker is provided with the resources required to perform. Designing interventions to improve the performance of CHWs requires identifying the constraints to performance in a particular context. Existing frameworks on CHW performance tend to be derived empirically, identifying a broad range of intervention design and contextual factors that have been shown to influence CHW performance. These may not always be able to guide policy makers to identify the precise cause of a specific performance problem in a particular context and develop an appropriate policy response. This article presents a framework to help practitioners and researchers diagnose the constraints to performance of CHWs and guide programmatic and policy responses. The Means, Motives and Opportunity (MMO) framework has been adapted from the SaniFOAM framework used to identify the determinants of sanitation behaviours. It is based on three interdependent and interacting domains: means (whether an individual is capable of performing), motives (whether an individual wants to perform) and opportunity (whether the individual has the chance to perform). A wide range of data sources are expected to be used when applying the MMO framework, especially qualitative research that captures the perspectives and lived realities of CHWs and their communities. In this article, we demonstrate how the MMO framework can be applied to identify the constraints to CHW performance using the case study of Anganwadi Workers (village nutrition workers) in Bihar, India.

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