scholarly journals Disagreement on expectations: firms versus consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Claveria
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
The One ◽  
Geometric Discrepancy

AbstractThis paper evaluates the dynamic response of economic activity to shocks in agents’ perception of uncertainty. The study focuses on the comparison between manufacturers’ and consumers’ perception of economic uncertainty, gauged by a geometric discrepancy indicator to quantify the proportion of disagreement in eleven European countries and the Euro Area. A vector autoregressive framework is used to estimate the impulse response functions to innovations in disagreement, both for manufacturers and consumers. The effect on economic activity of shocks to the perception of uncertainty is found to differ markedly between both types of agents. On the one hand, shocks to consumer discrepancy tend to be of greater magnitude and duration than those to manufacturer discrepancy. On the other hand, innovations in disagreement between the two collectives have an opposite effect on economic activity: shocks to manufacturer discrepancy lead to a decrease in economic activity, as opposed to shocks to consumer discrepancy. This finding is of particular relevance to researchers when using cross-sectional dispersion of survey-based expectations for approximating and assessing economic uncertainty, since the effect on economic growth of shocks to disagreement may be dependent on the type of agent and the way in which expectations have been elicited.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Shock: A Bayesian Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Oussama Abi Younes ◽  
Sumru Altug
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Explicit Recognition

The coronavirus crisis that started in December 2019 was declared a pandemic by March 2020 and had devastating global consequences. The spread of the virus led to the implementation of different preventive measures prior to the availability of effective vaccines. While many governments implemented lockdowns to counter the pandemic, others did not let the virus halt economic activity. In this paper, we use a Bayesian Vector Autoregressive framework to study the effects of the pandemic on prices, unemployment rates, and interest rates in nine countries that took distinctive approaches in tackling the pandemic, where we introduce lockdowns as shocks to unemployment. Based on impulse response functions, we find that in most countries the unemployment rate rose, interest rates fell or turned negative, and prices fell initially following the implementation of the lockdown measures. However, the massive fiscal and monetary stimulus packages to counteract the effects of the pandemic reversed some of the effects on the variables, suggesting that models with explicit recognition of such effects should be developed.

THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF OPERATING ASSETS MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olexandr Yemelyanov ◽  
◽  
Tetyana Petrushka ◽  
Anatolii Havryliak ◽  
Ostap Ivanchyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Current State ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Model Of Management ◽  
The One ◽  
Assets Management

The efficiency of economic activity of enterprises largely depends on the proper management of their assets. Whereas, an important type of assets of enterprises is its operating wealth, which serves the processes of production and marketing of products of economic entities. This is a complex process of circulation of operating assets, during which transformation from one species to another is being carried out. The course of such a process may involve different amounts of demand for current assets for a certain volume of production and sales. In other words, these assets are characterized by a certain level of flexibility and the main task of managing them is to establish their rational value. This value should ensure, on the one hand, the continuity of the production process at the enterprise and the timeliness of receipt of funds from the sale of products, and, on the other hand, the absence of excess inventories and other types of operating assets. The solution of this problem requires the introduction of an effective mechanism for managing its current assets. Considering this, the purpose of this article is to develop theoretical principles for managing operating assets of enterprises. It has been shown that the process of such management should be based on the system, created at the enterprises of information support of this process. Under this system is proposed to understand a set of information arrays and formalized algorithms for its processing, with which it is possible to assess the current state of use of operating assets of the company and develop a set of measures aimed at structuring and optimizing its volume. The basic requirements to designing of system of information maintenance of management of operating assets of the enterprises have been presented. The required information for the management of operating assets has been grouped. The areas grouping of operating assets management of the enterprise depending on the stages of its circulation has been carried out. The model of management of debts receivable of the enterprises has been specified. The use of the developed theoretical principles of operating assets management of enterprises in the practice of their activities increases financial results by streamlining the volume and structure of current assets of economic entities.

RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE CUSTOMS POLICY MECHANISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
V.N. Glaz ◽  
◽  
V.I. Berezhnoy ◽  
T.G. Martseva ◽  
E.V. Berezhnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Control ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The One

The mechanism of public policy in the regulation of public relations is built on the skillful combination of prohibitions of restrictions on the one hand, and laxity and opportunities on the other. But weakening state control may increase the level of risk to relationships. This is most clearly evident in international economic relations, where not only individual States that assume responsibility by becoming parties to conventions, agreements and treaties, but also individuals and entities that do not always support the policy of the State in the practice of implementing signed contracts, are parties. Russia pays special attention to a reasonable combination of the country’s economic interests and common interests within the framework of integration associations. The Russian customs authorities, represented by the Federal Customs Service, are one of the agents of state policy in this regard. The purpose of the activity is not only to administer the revenues from foreign economic activity to the budget, but also to protect the economic interests of the state, the participants of the foreign economic activity, professional intermediaries and individual consumers. Therefore, the development of a comprehensive policy of monitoring and assessment of customs risks will reduce the efforts of customs authorities to prevent possible offenses, and thus protect the interests of participants in foreign trade at any level.

Results and Discussion 2

2014 ◽  
pp. 180-225
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Variance Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The empirical analysis of this chapter provides insights into the functioning of the economies of three selected countries. Later in the chapter, the dynamic responses of the model to shocks in indicators of financial development are investigated. To obtain credible impulse response analysis, economic theory is used to set the required identifying restrictions instead of using an “unrestricted” vector autoregressive model. The structural form of the model then is summarised in the chapter by the variance decomposition and impulse response functions. The general results from impulse response functions advocate the theory of financial intermediation arguing that the development of the financial market helps to promote economic growth. Furthermore, the results of variance decomposition shows that different measures of financial development influence the variation of growth variables, particularly investment, savings, and productivity growth.

Tourist tax to promote rentals of low-emission vehicles

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662094650
Author(s):  
Emilio Gómez-Déniz ◽  
José Boza-Chirino ◽  
Nancy Dávila-Cárdenes
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Statistical Decision Theory ◽  
Rental Sector ◽  
Statistical Decision ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Car Rental ◽  
Sharp Growth ◽  
The One

In the Canary Islands (Spain), the tourism boom has been paralleled by sharp growth in the car rental sector. However, this economic activity is associated with problems such as rising levels of vehicle emissions. In this article, we discuss, on the one hand, the introduction of a tax to internalise the costs of emissions from car rental fleets and, on the other, the measures to reward users who rent environmentally-friendly cars. For this purpose, we propose a model based on statistical decision theory, from which a Bayesian rule is derived. According to this model, the tax increases with the number of days the car is rented but decreases in line with the environmental efficiency of the vehicle. A data sample of visitors to the Canary Islands is used to compare the covariates involved in computing the number of car rental days and the corresponding tax payable.

A Note on Autoregressive Modeling

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Poskitt
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Stationary Processes ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Autoregressive Modeling ◽  
Vector Autoregressive Models ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Integrated Time Series

This paper addresses the problem of estimating vector autoregressive models. An approach to handling nonstationary (integrated) time series is briefly discussed, but the main emphasis is upon the estimation of autoregressive approximations to stationary processes. Three alternative estimators are considered–the Yule-Walker, least-squares, and Burg-type estimates–and a complete analysis of their asymptotic properties in the stationary case is given. The results obtained, when placed together with those found elsewhere in the literature, lead to the direct recommendation that the less familiar Burg-type estimator should be used in practice when modeling stationary series. This is particularly so when the underlying objective of the analysis is to investigate the interrelationships between variables of interest via impulse response functions and dynamic multipliers.

scholarly journals Mitigation of osmotic stress by Serratia nematodiphila in tomato seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e6109108694
Author(s):  
Tiandra Silva Carvalho ◽  
Ana Carla Pinheiro Lima
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Tomato Seeds ◽  
The One ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Agriculture is the main economic activity responsible for the highest rates of water consumption worldwide. Understanding strategies that combine decreasing the amount of water available and reducing the addition of chemical fertilizers is a major challenge today. Within this context, the work aimed to evaluate the efficiency in promoting growth in tomato seedlings, inoculated with Serratia nematodiphila, submitted to different water deficit conditions. The methodology consisted of using tomato seeds cv. Santa Clara Miss Brasil previously disinfected and inoculated with the Serratia nematodiphila bacterium. The experimental design was completely randomized in the factorial scheme 2 (with bacteria and without bacteria) x 3 (irrigation levels: 100%, 50% and 25% water), making a total of 6 treatments with 6 repetitions. When evaluating the effect of the bacteria Serratia nematodiphila in the treatment with irrigation to 25% of water, it was observed that the average values ​​of the root length of the tomato seedlings was the one that suffered the most stimulus in the root growth when compared to the other irrigation levels. These results suggest that under conditions of greater water deficit the bacteria is able to mitigate drought by promoting root growth.

scholarly journals Financial Development, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in India: An Empirical Evidence

ETIKONOMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Md. Qaiser Alam ◽  
Md. Shabbir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

The paper examines the response of poverty reduction based on financial development and economic growth in India. The ARDL and ECM based model techniques analyze the long-run and short-run relationship among the variables in the model. The long-run estimates depict that financial development and economic growth have not significantly impacted poverty reduction and, on the other hand, resulted in injecting inequality and becoming attended to wealthier sections of the society. The short-run estimates show that financial development and economic growth have successfully tried to reduce poverty in India. The results flash a long-run nature of poverty in India and need to designs and formulations of policies that should be instrumental in reducing poverty. Impulse Response Functions' application indicates that poverty reduction will act as a catalyst for further poverty reduction in India.JEL Classification: I32, B26, O40, R15How to Cite:Alam, M. Q., & Alam, M. S. (2021). Financial Development, Economic Growth, and Poverty Reduction in India. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 20(1), 13 – 22. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.18417.

scholarly journals УЧЕТНАЯ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ ФИНАНСОВЫХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ПИТАНИЯ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kazhmukhametova ◽  
G. Tussibayeva ◽  
B. Akimova ◽  
А.А. Кажмухаметова ◽  
Г.С. Тусибаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disclosure Of Information ◽  
New Type ◽  
Public Catering ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Properly organized operational and accounting records are essential for controlling the formation of financial results. The article reveals a feature of the economic activity of public catering enterprises, which determines the features of accounting. On the one hand, it is intended to reflect the processes of production (cooking), and on the other - the processes of trade (sales). The costs associated with the sale of products and promotion of products on the market, both industrial and commercial enterprises are defined as the cost of circulation. The paper focuses on the classification and accounting of income and expenses in the field of nutrition. Attention is paid to a relatively new type of service as catering, which has been gaining momentum in recent years. The issue of synthetic and analytical accounting of financial results and disclosure of information in financial statements is discussed. Based on the results of the study, the authors recommended reasonable measures to increase profitability and improve accounting for financial results. Важное значение в контроле за формированием финансовых результатов имеет правильно организованный на предприятии их оперативный и бухгалтерский учет. В статье раскрыта особенность хозяйственной деятельности предприятий общественного питания, которая определяет особенности ведения бухгалтерского учета. С одной стороны, он призван отражать процессы производства (приготовление пищи), а с другой - процессы торговли (реализации). Расходы, связанные с реализацией продукции и продвижением на рынке произведенной продукции, и у промышленных, и у торговых предприятий определяют как издержки обращения. В работе акцентировано внимание на классификации, учете доходов и расходов в сфере питания. Уделено внимание сравнительно новому вид услуг как кейтеринг, который в последние годы набирает обороты. Обсужден вопрос синтетического и аналитического учета финансовых результатов, раскрытия информации в финансовй отчетности. По результатам исследования авторами рекомендованы обоснованные мероприятия по повышению доходност и совершенствованию учета финансовых результатов.

Accessible E-Government through Universal Design

2011 ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The accessible design of e-government ensures that these offers can also be used by people with disabilities (accessibility). Moreover, experience shows that clarity and comprehensibility of the offers benefit from their careful and deliberate design and structuring while keeping in mind accessibility requirements. Therefore, accessibility is useful for all citizens who want to attend to their administrative issues via the Internet (universal design). Accessibility as a cross-sectional subject has to be considered holistically: On the one hand, following the “universal design” principle, it becomes clear that all users benefit from an accessible solution, independent of their abilities and independent of their situation, environment or conditions. On the other hand, especially in e-government, the complete business process has to be considered: An offer accessible in itself may not be usable if an installation routine or plug-in has to be loaded from a non-accessible page or if the work procedure involves a media break.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document