Correlation between ABO Blood Group Phenotype and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Severity of Disease in a Saudi Arabian Cohort

Abstract Background Disease severity among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 varies remarkably. Preliminary studies reported that the ABO blood group system confers differential viral susceptibility and disease severity caused by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, differences in ABO blood group phenotypes may partly explain the observed heterogeneity in COVID-19 severity patterns, and could help identify individuals at increased risk. Herein, we explored the association between ABO blood group phenotypes and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in a Saudi Arabian cohort. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we performed ABO typing on a total of 373 Saudi patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and conducted association analysis between ABO blood group phenotype and COVID-19 infection severity. We then performed gender-stratified analysis by dividing the participating patients into two groups by gender, and classified them according to age. Results The frequencies of blood group phenotypes A, B, AB and O were 27.3, 23.6, 5.4 and 43.7%, respectively. We found that blood group phenotype O was associated with a lower risk of testing positive for COVID-19 infection (OR 0.76 95% CI 0.62–0.95, p = 0.0113), while blood group phenotype B was associated with higher odds of testing positive (OR 1.51 95% CI 1.17–1.93, p = 0.0009). However, blood group phenotype B was associated with increased risk in the mild and moderate group but not the severe COVID-19 infection group. Blood group phenotype O was protective in all severity groups. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that blood group phenotype B is a risk for COVID-19 disease while blood group phenotype O is protective from COVID-19 infection. However, further studies are necessary to validate these associations in a larger sample size and among individuals of different ethnic groups.

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ABO Blood Group and Inhibitor Risk in Severe Hemophilia A Patients: A Study from the Italian Association of Hemophilia Centers

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718870 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (01) ◽

pp. 084-089

Author(s):

Massimo Franchini ◽

Antonio Coppola ◽

Cristina Santoro ◽

Raimondo De Cristofaro ◽

Giovanni Barillari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Regimen ◽

Blood Group ◽

Hemophilia A ◽

Blood Type ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Severe Hemophilia ◽

Inhibitor Development ◽

Italian Association ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractConsidering the profound influence exerted by the ABO blood group system on hemostasis, mainly through the von Willebrand factor and factor VIII (FVIII) complex, we have conducted a study evaluating the possible role of blood type on the risk of inhibitor development in hemophilia A. A total of 287 consecutive Caucasian patients with severe hemophilia A (202 without FVIII inhibitors and 85 with FVIII inhibitors) followed at seven Italian Hemophilia Treatment Centers belonging to the Italian Association of Hemophilia Centers (AICE) were included in the study. A higher prevalence of O blood group was detected in patients without inhibitors as compared in inhibitor patients (55 vs. 30.6%; p < 0.001). Among the other variables analyzed (age, F8 mutation, type and intensity of treatment and treatment regimen), F8 mutation class (high-risk vs. low-risk), and treatment regimen (on-demand vs. prophylaxis) were significantly correlated with inhibitor development. However, on a multivariate analysis, only the effects of F8 mutation and ABO blood type were independent of other covariates, being that non-O blood type is associated with a 2.89-fold increased risk of inhibitor development. In conclusion, our study supports the protective effect of O blood type on inhibitor risk in severely affected hemophilia A patients.

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Risk and severity of COVID-19 and ABO blood group in transcatheter aortic valve patients

10.1101/2020.06.13.20130211 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marion Kibler ◽

Adrien Carmona ◽

Benjamin Marchandot ◽

Kensuke Matsushita ◽

Antonin Trimaille ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Valve ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Blood Group ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Cancer

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough cardiovascular disease has been associated with an increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), no studies have reported its clinical course in patients with aortic stenosis who had undergone transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).Several observational studies have found an association between the A blood group and an increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas the O blood group appears to be protective.ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency and clinical course of COVID-19 in a large sample of patients who had undergone TAVR and to determine the associations of the ABO blood group with disease occurrence and outcomes.MethodsPatients who had undergone TAVR between 2010 and 2019 were included in this study and followed-up through the recent COVID-19 outbreak. The main outcomes were the occurrence and severity (hospitalization and/or death) of COVID-19 and their association with the ABO blood group.ResultsOf the 1125 patients who had undergone TAVR, 403 (36%) died before January 1, 2020, and 20 (1.8%) were lost to follow-up. The study sample therefore consisted of 702 patients. Among them, we identified 22 cases (3.1%) with COVID-19. Fourteen patients (63.6%) were hospitalized or died of disease. Multivariate analysis identified the A blood group (versus others) as the only independent predictor of COVID-19 in patients who had undergone TAVR (odds ratio [OR] = 6.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.11-18.92; p=0.001). The A blood group (versus others; OR = 8.27; 95% CI = 1.83-37.43, p=0.006) and a history of cancer (OR = 4.99; 95% CI = 1.64-15.27, p = 0.005) were significantly and independently associated with disease severity (hospitalization and/or death).ConclusionsPatients who had undergone TAVR are vulnerable to COVID-19. The subgroup with the A blood group was especially prone to develop the disease and showed unfavorable outcomes.Condensed abstractAmong 702 patients who had undergone TAVR between 2010 and 2019 and who were alive on January 1, 2020, 22 patients developed COVID-19. Fourteen patients (63.6%) were hospitalized or died of disease. The A blood group (versus others) was the only independent predictor of COVID-19. The A blood group and a history of cancer were significantly and independently associated with disease severity (hospitalization and/or death). Altogether these findings suggest that patients who had undergone TAVR are vulnerable to COVID-19. The subgroup with the A blood group was especially prone to develop the disease and showed unfavorable outcomes.

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The Correlation Between ABO Blood Group and Neonatal Disease Severity

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.137.supplement_3.461a ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 137 (Supplement 3) ◽

pp. 461A-461A

Author(s):

Kacie E. McMahon ◽

Jonathan K. Muraskas

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Blood Group ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Neonatal Disease

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ABO groups can play a role in susceptibility and severity of COVID-19

Egyptian Journal of Bronchology ◽

10.1186/s43168-020-00051-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

S. Samra ◽

M. Habeb ◽

R. Nafae

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Infection Group ◽

Mechanically Ventilated ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Group A ◽

Study Population ◽

Group B ◽

The Relationship ◽

Seriously Ill

Abstract Background A few people infected by the coronavirus become seriously ill, while others show little to no signs of the symptoms, or are asymptomatic. Recent researches are pointing to the fact that the ABO blood group might play an important role in a person’s susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection. Aim of the study: try to understand the relationship between ABO groups and COVID-19 (susceptibility and severity). Results A total of (507) patients were included in this study. The study population was divided based on the ABO blood group into types A+, A−, B+, AB, O+, and O−. Blood group A was associated with high susceptibility of infection: group A, 381 (75.1%); and less common in group O, 97 (19.2%), group B, 18 (3.5%), and group AB, 11 (2.2%). The severity of COVID-19 infection was common in non-blood group O where (20 (7.1%), 4 (26.7%), 2 (11%), and 1 (9%) in type A+, A−, B+, and AB, respectively), while in type O 3.1%. And mechanically ventilated patients were 22 (5.9%), 2 (13.4%), 2 (11.1%), and 1 (1%). Mortality was high in blood groups A and B, 16 (4.37%) and 1 (5.5%), respectively, while in blood group O, it was 1%. Conclusion The incidence, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 were common in non-blood group O. While blood group O was protected against COVID-19.

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Association of ABO haplotypes with the risk of venous thrombosis: impact on disease risks estimation

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.2020008997 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Louisa Goumidi ◽

Florian Thibord ◽

Kerri L. Wiggins ◽

Ruifang Li-Gao ◽

Michael R Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Blood Group ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Genetic risk score (GRS) analysis is an increasingly popular approach to derive individual risk prediction models for complex diseases. In the context of venous thrombosis (VT), any GRS shall integrate information at the ABO blood group locus, the latter being one of the major susceptibility locus for this disease. However, there is yet no consensus about which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) must be investigated when one is interested in properly assessing the association of ABO locus with VT risk. Using comprehensive haplotype analyses of ABO blood group tagging SNPs in up to 5,425 cases and 8,445 controls from 6 studies, we demonstrated that using only rs8176719 (tagging O1) to correctly assess the impact of ABO locus on VT risk is suboptimal as 5% of rs8176719-delG carriers are not exposed at higher VT risk. Instead, we recommend to use 4 SNPs, rs2519093 (tagging A1), rs1053878 (A2), rs8176743 (B) and rs41302905 (O2) in any analysis aimed at assessing the impact of ABO locus on VT risk to avoid any risk misestimation. Compared to O1 haplotype that can be inferred from these 4 SNPs, the A2 haplotype is associated with a modest increase in VT risk (odds ratio ~1.2), A1 and B haplotypes are associated with a ~1.8 fold increased risk while O2 tend to be slightly protective (odds ratio ~0.80). In addition, our analyses clearly showed that while the A1 an B blood group are associated with increased vWF and FVIII plasma levels only the A1 blood group is associated wih ICAM plasma levels but in an opposite direction, leaving additional avenues to be explored in order to fully understand the whole spectrum of biological effect of ABO locus on cardiovascular traits.

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Association of Blood Groups with Oral Submucous Fibrosis and if any of the Blood Group is Related with an Increased Risk for Oral Submucous Fibrosis

10.53350/pjmhs2115102776 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 2776-2778

Author(s):

Sobia Siddique ◽

Syed Muhammad Razi Zaidi ◽

Shahida Maqbool ◽

Madiha Insha ◽

Muhammad Abul Hasan Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽

Malignant Lesion ◽

Oral Pathology ◽

Blood Groups ◽

P Value ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Submucous Fibrosis ◽

B Blood Group

Objective: To assess any association of blood groups with oral submucous fibrosis and if any of the blood group is related with an increased risk for oral submucous fibrosis. Study Design: Comparative study Place and Duration of Study: Department Of Oral Pathology, Fatima Jinnah Dental College & Hospital Karachi, Pakistan from Jan to Dec 2018. Patients and Methods: Total 100 patients were enrolled in the study in which half were cases where oral sub mucous fibrosis had been diagnosed clinically while remaining half were the controls that were involved in the habit of using tobacco/nuts but had no oral pre malignant lesion. For investigation of blood, samples of blood were taken from both the groups. Odd ration and chi-square test was used to analyze data. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Majority of the individuals in experimental group had “B” blood group followed by “O” “AB” and “A” blood groups. Conclusion: This study showed that ABO blood groups have considerable relation with oral submucous fibrosis. Individuals having “B” blood group had 2.18 times increased tendency of having oral submucous fibrosis in contrast with patients who belong to any other blood group. Keywords: ABO blood group system, Oral Submucous fibrosis, Oral lesions, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Is Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter–Related Thrombosis Associated With ABO Blood Group? A Case–Control Pilot Study

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/1076029618770289 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 1297-1300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raad A. Haddad ◽

Yanal Alnimer ◽

Ahmed Abdalla ◽

Carlos F. Ríos-Bedoya ◽

Ghassan Bachuwa

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Blood Group ◽

Medical Center ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter ◽

Central Catheter ◽

Cancer Data ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Group A ◽

Meta Analyses

Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) use is associated with many complications including line-related thrombosis. Several studies and meta-analyses confirmed the increased risk to develop venous thromboembolism in non-O blood group individuals. Our pilot study aimed to examine whether PICC-related thrombosis is influenced by ABO blood group. We identified patients admitted to Hurley Medical Center between March 2012 and March 2016 who had PICC placed during their admission, had their ABO blood group identified in their medical record, and had upper extremity venous Doppler ultrasound performed on the same side of PICC. We excluded pregnant women, patients on anticoagulation initiated before PICC insertion, and patients with active cancer. Data of 227 patients who met our criteria were analyzed. Of these patients, 140 (61.7%) patients had PICC-related thrombosis (cases) and 86 (37.9%) patients had O blood group. Controls were patients who had PICC and did not develop PICC-related thrombosis. Multivariate logistic regression revealed no association between PICC-related thrombosis and ABO blood group (adjusted odds ratio: 1.1; 95% confidence interval: 0.6-2.0; P = .733). Therefore, our data suggest that non-O blood group does not increase the odds of having PICC-related thrombosis.

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ABO blood group system and risk of brain tumors: A retrospective case–control study in Northeast of China

Translational Surgery ◽

10.4103/ts.ts_24_17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Chuanlu Jiang ◽

Liang Chang ◽

Shihong Zhao ◽

Zhou Dan ◽

Guofu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumors ◽

Blood Group ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Group System ◽

Northeast Of China ◽

Control Study

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The Lebanese COVID-19 Cohort; A Challenge for the ABO Blood Group System

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2020.585341 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Athar Khalil ◽

Rita Feghali ◽

Mahmoud Hassoun

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Severe Form ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Group System ◽

Different Populations ◽

Control Study

A sudden outbreak of pneumonia caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread all over the world facilitating the declaration of the resultant disease as a pandemic on March 2020. Predisposing factors for acquiring COVID-19 and for developing a severe form of this disease were postulated to be related to the epidemiological, clinical, and genetic characteristics of the patients. Biological markers such as the ABO blood group system were amongst these factors that were proposed to be linked to the variability in the disease course and/or the prevalence of the infection among different groups. Herein, we conducted the first retrospective case-control study from the Middle East and North Africa that tackles the association between the blood group types and the susceptibility to, as well as the severity of, SARS-CoV-2 infection. Contrary to the most acknowledged hypothesis, our results challenged the significance of this association and questioned the role of the ABO blood group system in dictating the severity of this disease. For future similar studies, we endorsed analyzing larger cohorts among different populations and we encouraged implementing more rigorous approaches to diminish the potential confounding effect of some underlying comorbidities and genetic variants that are known to be associated with the ABO blood group system.

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