A turbidity test for the estimation of immune globulin levels in neonatal calf serum

Neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) is a major health challenge with a negative impact on farm profitability, calf welfare and antimicrobial use. Neonatal calves are particularly sensitive to enteric infections. Thus, a key point for prevention is minimising infectious pressure and maximising specific immune responses. An amount of 120 dams not previously vaccinated against NCD were randomly allocated to one of three study groups: negative control versus two vaccinated groups (A and B). In the control group, the average level of antibodies was significantly low for both BoCV and ETEC (15.6 and 13.9% in the colostrum samples, respectively), demonstrating the importance of dam vaccination. Indeed, the level of specific immunity was significantly increased for BoCV and ETEC with dam vaccination using both one-shot vaccines versus the control group. Moreover, the statistical analysis revealed a significantly higher level of antibodies for BoCV and ETEC in colostrum samples in vaccine A versus vaccine B and the control group. In accordance, the calf serum demonstrated a significantly higher level and greater homogeneity of antibodies against BoCV and ETEC in the Vaccine A group versus other experimental groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated a different specific immune response for the pathogens depending on the vaccine used to control NCD in cows.

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Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Fassisi® bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoassay for quantification of bovine IgG in neonatal calf serum

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.3211-3215 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3211-3215

Author(s):

Marian Hampe ◽

Stefanie Söllner-Donat ◽

Klaus Failing ◽

Axel Wehrend

Keyword(s):

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Calf Serum ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽

Neonatal Calf ◽

Serum Igg ◽

Rapid Tests ◽

The Mean ◽

Bovine Immunoglobulin

Background and Aim: Rapid tests are routinely used to estimate serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in diagnosing a failure of passive transfer (FPT) in calves. The study aimed to compare the Fassisi® Bovine IgG (FB-IgG) immunoassay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantifying bovine IgG in neonatal calf serum. Materials and Methods: A total of 277 calves of 1-10 days of age were used in this study. Blood samples were obtained, and serum was extracted by centrifuging the samples at 2740× g for 5 min at 20°C. The serum was analyzed using the FB-IgG according to the manufacturer's specifications. Serum IgG concentrations were also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-IgG). FPT was defined as a serum IgG concentration <10 mg/mL. Results: The mean ELISA-IgG serum concentration was 8.40 mg/mL (SD=7.02, range=0.10-47.50 mg/mL). FPT prevalence based on the ELISA measurements was 66.8%. The prevalence of partial and full FPT based on the FB-IgG was 54.5%. The ELISA-IgG and FB-IgG results were subjected to correlation and regression analysis. Overall sensitivity and specificity of the FB-IgG were 61.1% and 58.7%, respectively. A statistically significant dependence on age was identified in the results. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the FB-IgG rapid method is less accurate and provides no other advantages over established methods.

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Salivary IgG levels in neonatal calves and its association to serum IgG: an observational pilot study

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txz001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 589-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julie Føske Johnsen ◽

Matteo Chincarini ◽

Åse Margrethe Sogstad ◽

Liv Sølverød ◽

Marie Vatne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Calf Serum ◽

Passive Transfer ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Adult Cattle ◽

Future Studies ◽

Neonatal Calf ◽

Serum Igg ◽

Neonatal Calves

Abstract The diagnosis of inadequate transfer of colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) to calf serum, often known as failure of passive transfer (<10 g/L IgG1 at 24 to 48 h), necessitates blood sampling from the calf and in some instances the presence of a veterinarian. Sampling saliva is both less invasive and easy for the producer. Previous research has shown that quantification of saliva IgG is possible in juvenile and adult cattle. The objectives of this observational pilot study were to investigate whether IgG can be quantified in neonatal calf saliva, if it is correlated to serum IgG concentrations, and if the indirect quantification of saliva IgG is achievable by use of a digital refractometer. Paired blood and saliva samples were collected from 20 healthy dairy calves aged 1 to 3 d. In these samples, IgG was quantified directly with single radial immunodiffusion and indirectly by use of a digital refractometer indicating Brix % (a subsample of n = 12 saliva samples). A strong positive correlation (r = 0.7, P < 0.001) between saliva IgG (mean ± SD; 0.2 ± 0.11 g/L) and serum IgG (32.1 ± 11.94 g/L) was found. Saliva IgG ranged from the lowest detectable value, 0.1 g/L (n = 6 samples) to 0.6 g/L. Saliva Brix (1.2 ± 0.69%) was not significantly correlated to serum IgG (n = 12, r = 0.43, P = 0.155); however, it was significantly correlated to saliva IgG (n = 12, r = 0.7, P = 0.018) and Brix in serum (n = 12, r = 0.7, P = 0.013). We conclude that IgG was quantifiable in most of the saliva samples. For saliva IgG to be of any value with regards to detecting failure of passive transfer, future studies should investigate methods that can detect IgG <0.1 g/L. The results indicate that saliva IgG can be used to predict serum IgG at levels above 10 g/L, which may warrant further exploration of the use of saliva in the surveillance of failure of passive transfer. The results of the current pilot study did not support the potential usage of a Brix % refractometer to quantify saliva IgG.

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Studies of Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea. VI Serum and Faecal Immune Globulin in Calves with Mixed Infections

British Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1016/s0007-1935(17)34684-5 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 132 (3) ◽

pp. 252-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E.W. Fisher ◽

A.A. Martinez ◽

Z. Trainin ◽

R. Meirom

Keyword(s):

Immune Globulin ◽

Mixed Infections ◽

Neonatal Calf ◽

Calf Diarrhoea

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Morphogenesis of a New Human Herpes-Type Virus Isolate (Sasha Virus)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100073404 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 592-593

Author(s):

R. F. Zeigel ◽

W. Munyon

Keyword(s):

Virus Isolate ◽

Calf Serum ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Human Herpes ◽

Human Embryonic Lung ◽

Human Herpes Virus ◽

Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽

Hel Cells ◽

And Control

In continuing studies on the role of viruses in biochemical transformation, Dr. Munyon has succeeded in isolating a highly infectious human herpes virus. Fluids of buccal pustular lesions from Sasha Munyon (10 mo. old) uiere introduced into monolayer sheets of human embryonic lung (HEL) cell cultures propagated in Eagles’ medium containing 5% calf serum. After 18 hours the cells exhibited a dramatic C.P.E. (intranuclear vacuoles, peripheral patching of chromatin, intracytoplasmic inclusions). Control HEL cells failed to reflect similar changes. Infected and control HEL cells were scraped from plastic flasks at 18 hrs. of incubation and centrifuged at 1200 × g for 15 min. Resultant cell packs uiere fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium, and post-fixed in aqueous uranyl acetate. Figure 1 illustrates typical hexagonal herpes-type nucleocapsids within the intranuclear virogenic regions. The nucleocapsids are approximately 100 nm in diameter. Nuclear membrane “translocation” (budding) uias observed.

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Exogeneous factors are not necessary in attachment, spreading and polarization of hela cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082418 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 310-311

Author(s):

W. Liebrich

Keyword(s):

Hela Cells ◽

Calf Serum ◽

Glass Tube ◽

Serum Free Medium ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Free Medium ◽

Minimum Essential Medium ◽

Serum Free ◽

All Solutions ◽

Glass Support

HeLa cells were grown for 2-3 days in EAGLE'S minimum essential medium with 10% calf serum (S-MEM; Seromed, München) and then incubated for 24 hours in serum free medium (MEM). After detaching the cells with a solution of 0. 14 % EDTA and 0. 07 % trypsin (Difco, 1 : 250) they were suspended in various solutions (S-MEM = control, MEM, buffered salt solutions with or without Me++ions, 0. 9 % NaCl solution) and allowed to settle on glass tube slips (Leighton-tubes). After 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 1 45, 60 minutes 2, 3, 4, 5 hours cells were prepared for scanning electron microscopy as described by Paweletz and Schroeter. The preparations were examined in a Jeol SEM (JSM-U3) at 25 KV without tilting.The suspended spherical HeLa cells are able to adhere to the glass support in all solutions. The rate of attachment, however, is faster in solutions without serum than in the control. The latter is in agreement with the findings of other authors.

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Spontaneous Production of Type C Virus Particles in a Culture Derived from Rat Embryo Cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010009470x ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 288-289

Author(s):

Elizabeth S. Priori ◽

T. Shigematsu ◽

B. Myers ◽

L. Dmochowski

Keyword(s):

Virus Particle ◽

Mouse Embryo ◽

Calf Serum ◽

Embryo Cell ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Extracellular Virus ◽

Mouse Embryo Cell ◽

Mature Virus Particle ◽

Embryo Cells ◽

Type C

Spontaneous release of type C virus particles in long-term cultures of mouse embryo cells as well as induction of similar particles in mouse embryo cell cultures with IUDR or BUDR have been reported. The presence of type C virus particles in cultures of normal rat embryos has not been reported.NB-1, a culture derived from embryos of a New Zealand Black (NB) rat (rats obtained from Mr. Samuel M. Poiley, N.C.I., Bethesda, Md.) and grown in McCoy's 5A medium supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum was passaged weekly. Extracellular virus particles similar to murine leukemia particles appeared in the 22nd subculture. General appearance of cells in passage 23 is shown in Fig. 1. Two budding figures and one immature type C virus particle may be seen in Fig. 2. The virus particles and budding were present in all further passages examined (currently passage 39). Various stages of budding are shown in Figs. 3a,b,c,d. Appearance of a mature virus particle is shown in Fig. 4.

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