scholarly journals The Specific Immune Response after Vaccination against Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea Differs between Apparent Similar Vaccines in a Case Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
Román Gonzalez ◽  
Laura Elvira ◽  
Carlos Carbonell ◽  
Geert Vertenten ◽  
Lorenzo Fraile
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Specific Immune Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhoea

Neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) is a major health challenge with a negative impact on farm profitability, calf welfare and antimicrobial use. Neonatal calves are particularly sensitive to enteric infections. Thus, a key point for prevention is minimising infectious pressure and maximising specific immune responses. An amount of 120 dams not previously vaccinated against NCD were randomly allocated to one of three study groups: negative control versus two vaccinated groups (A and B). In the control group, the average level of antibodies was significantly low for both BoCV and ETEC (15.6 and 13.9% in the colostrum samples, respectively), demonstrating the importance of dam vaccination. Indeed, the level of specific immunity was significantly increased for BoCV and ETEC with dam vaccination using both one-shot vaccines versus the control group. Moreover, the statistical analysis revealed a significantly higher level of antibodies for BoCV and ETEC in colostrum samples in vaccine A versus vaccine B and the control group. In accordance, the calf serum demonstrated a significantly higher level and greater homogeneity of antibodies against BoCV and ETEC in the Vaccine A group versus other experimental groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated a different specific immune response for the pathogens depending on the vaccine used to control NCD in cows.

Employing Gamma Ray Irradiated Giardia lamblia as Trialed Vaccine in Experimental Animal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Kamil Abdul Sada ◽  
Amany Mohamed Al-Kaysi
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

This is an experimental trial to prepare a vaccine from gamma-irradiated Giardia lamblia which is evaluated in experimental animals. The study was conducted from December 2015 to April 2016. The field survey of the parasite was conducted from those patients attending the laboratories of the Alawi Children's Hospital in Rusafa and the Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Karkh, through which 1250 stool samples of different age groups were examined. Five groups of mice were used in the study; the first was injected with normal saline and considered as a negative control group, the second was injected with cystic form of non-irradiated Giardia lamblia and considered as a positive control group, whereas the other three groups were injected with gamma irradiated Giardia lamblia at three different doses 10, 15 and 25 rad respectively. Giardia lamblia was primarily cultivated in liver infusion agar for ten days to obtain the active phase. On the sixth day, the cystic phase was purified and standardized to be used in the infection of mice with or without the exposure of gamma rays. Mice showed high sensitivity to parasitic infestation, in the gamma non-irradiated and the irradiated with gamma 10 rad, and 15 rad irradiated groups which was 100%. The results expressed an excystation process of the depleted phases and the release of the feeder phases. The results of the three irradiated groups consisted of histopathological changes of the small, and the rectum by dissection after two weeks of infection, with intestine amputation lesions, as well as ulceration and inflammation of the inflammatory cells represented in small numbers of neutrophil, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. The presence of ulceration and fall of epithelial cells in the intestinal cavity has been shown, and different forms of the parasite have been observed. Mice which was injected with irradiated G lamblia at high dose (25 rad), not show and sensitivity to the challenge infection and no excystation of thy parasite had been done. After 2 wreaks, a comparison was achieved between all study groups in which no histopathological changes were noticed in the mice irradiated with dose of25 rad. After another two weeks, a challenge dose was given (un-attenuated G lamblia) and mice were dissected after another two weeks, no changes on the level of histopathology of intestinal tissue were noticed the results suggested that mice acquire an immunity against the parasite infection.

scholarly journals Immune response of mature cows subjected to annual booster vaccination against neonatal calf diarrhoea with two different commercial vaccines: A non-inferiority study

2017 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Durel ◽  
Clancy Rose ◽  
Tracy Bainbridge ◽  
Julien Roubert ◽  
Klaus-Ulrich Dressel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhoea

scholarly journals Possible Molecular Mechanisms for the Roles of MicroRNA-21 Played in Lung Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153303381987513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Linyou Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Replication Initiation ◽  
Cell Division Cycle ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Control Group

Background: We aimed to find the possible molecular mechanisms for the roles of microRNA-21 underlying lung cancer development. Methods: MicroRNA-21-5p inhibitor was transfected into A549 cells. Total RNA was isolated from 10 samples, including 3 in control group (A549 cells), 3 in negative control group (A549 cells transferred with microRNA-21 negative control), and 4 in SH group (A549 cells transferred with microRNA-21 inhibitor), followed by RNA sequencing. Then, differentially expressed genes were screened for negative control group versus control group, SH group versus control group, and SH group versus negative control group. Functional enrichment analyses, protein–protein interaction network, and modules analyses were conducted. Target genes of hsa-miR-21-5p and transcription factors were predicted, followed by the regulatory network construction. Results: Minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor and cell division cycle associated 8 were important nodes in protein–protein interaction network with higher degrees. Cell division cycle associated 8 was enriched in cell division biological process. Furthermore, maintenance 10 replication initiation factor and cell division cycle associated 8 were significantly enriched in cluster 1 and micro-RNA-transcription factor-target genes regulating network. In addition, transcription factor Dp family member 3 (transcription factor of maintenance 10 replication initiation factor and cell division cycle associated 8) and RAD21 cohesin complex component (transcription factor of maintenance 10 replication initiation factor) were target genes of hsa-miR-21-5p. Conclusions: Micro-RNA-21 may play a key role in lung cancer partly via maintenance 10 replication initiation factor and cell division cycle associated 8. Furthermore, microRNA-21 targeted cell division cycle associated 8 and then played roles in lung cancer via the process of cell division. Transcription factor Dp family member 3 and RAD21 cohesin complex component are important transcription factors in microRNA-21-interfered lung cancer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Passive Immunity Induced by Immunisation Using Two Inactivated gE-deleted Marker Vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Calves

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Stefano Petrini ◽  
Cecilia Righi ◽  
Carmen Iscaro ◽  
Giulio Viola ◽  
Paola Gobbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Glycoprotein E ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Newborn Calves

Different types of vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) are commercially available. Among these, inactivated glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines are commonly used, but their ability to induce passive immunity is poorly known. Here, we evaluated the passive immunity transferred from dams immunised with commercial inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccines to calves. We vaccinated 12 pregnant cattle devoid of neutralising antibodies against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and divided them into two groups with 6 animals each. Both groups were injected with a different inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccine administrated via intranasal or intramuscular routes. An additional 6 pregnant cattle served as the unvaccinated control group. After calving, the number of animals in each group was increased by the newborn calves. In the dams, the humoral immune response was evaluated before calving and, subsequently, at different times until post-calving day 180 (PCD180). In addition, the antibodies in colostrum, milk, and in serum samples from newborn calves were evaluated at different times until PCD180. The results indicated that inactivated glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines are safe and produce a good humoral immune response in pregnant cattle until calving and PCD180. Moreover, results showed that, in calf serum, passive immunity persists until PCD180.

IMMUNE RESPONSE TO CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN VACCINATED WITH 13-VALENT CONJUGATE PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
M.P. Kostinov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Dzhumagaziev ◽  
D.A. Bezrukova ◽  
D.V. Raisky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype

Objective of the research: to determine IgG antibodies (AB) to S. pneumoniae serotypes in overweight children after administration of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Materials and methods: blood serum of 17 children with excess BW (main group) and 40 children with normal BW (control group) aged 3 to 7 years, vaccinated with PCV13 were examined. The method of solid phase ELISA was used for determination of IgG AB levels to a mixture of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) of pneumococcus contained in PCV13 and serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F S. pneumoniae, after 6 months after vaccination with PCV13. Results: all children had post-vaccination specific AB to pneumococcal serotypes in the value higher than the negative control. In the main group, the mean values of IgG AB to 5 of 13 S. pneumoniae serotypes 7F, 9V, 18C, 19A, 23F and to the mixture of CPS in the vaccine were higher than in the control group, as well as the proportion of children with high (more than 100 cu) levels of IgG AB to the mixture of PCV13 CPS and to the pneumococcal serotype 18C in comparison with the control. Further study of the immune response to pneumococcal vaccination in children with metabolic disorders is needed.

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory activity of Diosgenin in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Vikram V Nimbalkar ◽  
Urmila E Kadu ◽  
Ravina P Shelke ◽  
Suvarna A Shendge ◽  
Pratiksha N Tupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nonspecific Immunity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: The immune system is intrinsic to health. Modulation of the immune responses to alleviate the diseases by using herbal plants has been of interest for many years. Diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroid saponin mainly present in the seeds of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) and in the root tubers of wild yams (Dioscorea villosa). Activation of specific and nonspecific immunity results in stimulation of immune response. Diosgenin has the positive effects on both specific and nonspecific immunity. Aim: To study the immunomodulatory activity of Diosgenin in albino wistar rats. Method: The suspension of Diosgenin was given orally at the dosage level of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 21 days in a rat. The immunomodulatory activity on specific and non-specific immunity was studied by heamagglutination antibody (HA) titer, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and carbon clearance test.  Immunosuppression in a rat was induced by using Cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were used as antigen (0.1ml 20% SRBCs). Result: Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in the production of antibody titer in response to SRBC antigen. A significant increase in both primary and secondary HA titer was observed in immunosuppressed group treated with Diosgenin when compared with negative control.  A significant increase in the DTH response was observed in immunosuppressed animals treated with Diosgenin, pre-sensitized with SRBCs antigen. Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in phagocytic index against control group, indicating the stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. Conclusion: The study indicates that Diosgenin triggers stimulatory effect on specific and nonspecific immune response. The immunostimulant effect of Diosgenin could be attributed due to its saponin glycoside.

scholarly journals Trabeculectomy with Healaflow versus Trabeculectomy for the Treatment of Glaucoma: A Case-Control Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Papaconstantinou ◽  
Andreas Diagourtas ◽  
Petros Petrou ◽  
Alexandros Rouvas ◽  
Athanasios Vergados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Control Study

Purpose. To compare the outcomes of trabeculectomy with and without Healaflow (Anteis S.A, Geneva, Switzerland), a high molecular weight viscoelastic gel, in patients requiring glaucoma surgery.Methods. This was a retrospective, comparative, interventional case-control study. Forty patients formed two matched study groups and were analyzed (trabeculectomy alone (control) versus trabeculectomy with Healaflow (study)).Results. The postoperative levels of mean IOP were statistically significantly lowerP<0.05than preoperatively in both groups, for all time intervals. There was no statistical difference, at the end of the follow-up period, between the two groups in the mean values of the IOP (14.9 ± 3.2 mmHg for the study group versus 14.8 ± 3.3 mmHg for the control group). The number of antiglaucoma drugs used in the study group was reduced from a preoperative mean of 3.4 ± 0.75 to a 6-month postoperative mean of 0.6 ± 0.8P<0.001and in the control group from 3.6 ± 0.59 to 0.55 ± 0.9P<0.001.Conclusions. Although trabeculectomy with Healaflow appears to be a safe procedure, we failed to identify any significant advantages in the use of Healaflow when compared with trabeculectomy alone, at the end of the 6-month follow-up period.

scholarly journals Vaccination with the Chlamydia trachomatis Major Outer Membrane Protein Can Elicit an Immune Response as Protective as That Resulting from Inoculation with Live Bacteria

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 8153-8160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukumar Pal ◽  
Ellena M. Peterson ◽  
Luis M. de la Maza
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Outer Membrane Protein ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Major Outer Membrane Protein ◽  
Control Group

ABSTRACT BALB/c mice were vaccinated by the intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes with a native preparation of the Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) major outer membrane protein (MOMP), using Montanide ISA 720 and CpG-1826 as adjuvants. A negative control group was immunized with ovalbumin and the two adjuvants, and a positive control group was immunized intranasally (i.n.) with 104 inclusion-forming units (IFU) of C. trachomatis. Four weeks after the last i.m.-plus-s.c. immunization, mice were challenged in the ovarian bursa with 105 IFU of C. trachomatis MoPn. Six weeks after the genital challenge, animals were mated, and the pregnancies were monitored. After vaccination with MOMP, the mice developed strong Chlamydia-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Following the genital challenge, of the mice vaccinated with the MOMP, only 15% (3/20) had positive vaginal cultures, while 85% (17/20) of the animals immunized with ovalbumin had positive cultures over the 6 weeks of observation (P < 0.05). Also, only 14% (3/21) of the animals inoculated i.n. with Chlamydia had positive vaginal cultures. After mating, 75% (15/20) of the mice vaccinated with MOMP carried embryos in both uterine horns. Of the animals vaccinated i.n. with the Chlamydia, 81% (17/21) had embryos in both uterine horns (P > 0.05). In contrast, only 10% (2/20) of the mice immunized with ovalbumin had embryos in both uterine horns (P < 0.05). In conclusion, immunization with a purified preparation of the MOMP is as effective as vaccination with viable C. trachomatis in eliciting a protective immune response against a genital challenge in mice.

scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled Trial Enhancing Non-Communicable Diseases Health Literacy of Indian Youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita R. Shah ◽  
Rahul M Jindal ◽  
Malavika A. Subramanyam
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Nursing College

Abstract Background There is a theory-praxis gap related to health literacy interventions focused on non-communicable diseases (NCD) among young people. We designed a NCD curriculum and investigated its’ effect on health literacy in non-medical, non-nursing college students in India. We deliberately selected non-medical and non-nursing college students as we hypothesized they would have minimal baseline knowledge of NCDs. Methods We initially carried out a pilot study in 85 students in a four-day long workshop (12 teaching hours) using empirically developed health literacy instrument. We administered the curriculum to 120 randomly selected students in 4 colleges, while 50 students were controls. The curriculum was given over 4 days for a total of 32 hours. Each lecture comprised of didactic lecture followed by discussion and skills testing of measuring BP and blood sugar. Health literacy was measured using a specifically designed tool at baseline and endline. Difference in health literacy scores between the two time-points was analyzed using the t-test. Multiple linear and Poisson regression models were used for covariates. Results Study groups were comparable at baseline. The intervention group showed 20.6% higher health literacy score at endline versus control group (p<0.001). Participants scoring 40% or above on the health literacy measure in both groups were comparable at baseline. However, the proportion of participants scoring 40% or above was higher in the intervention group versus control group at endline (p<0.001). Conclusions We provide empirical data to support incorporation of NCDs as a credit course in college curricula in low and middle income countries. This is the first study in the Indian context that addressed NCD-related health literacy in a randomized trial.

scholarly journals Role of Harderian gland in immune response of chickens with maternal immunity to vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Spalevic ◽  
Vojin Ivetic ◽  
Dobrila Jakic-Dimic ◽  
Danka Maslic-Strizak ◽  
Aleksandar Potkonjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Lymphoid Organ ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

In this study we investigated the role of the Harderian gland in the immune response following vaccination against infectious bronchitis (IB). The experiment was carried out on 100 broiler chicks which were divided into two experimental groups. Experimental group O was vaccinated on the first day of age against infectious bronchitis with vaccine Bronhivet I batches that contain a live attenuated strain H120 and the control group did not get immunized. The experiment lasted 21 days. Blood sera were examined on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 for the presence of specific antibodies against infectious bronchitis (ELISA test). Histological changes were observed in the structure of the Harderian gland in relation to the applied vaccine. This research demonstrated the role of the Harderian gland as a secondary lymphoid organ in broiler vaccination against infectious bronchitis. Maternal antibodies present in the IB had no negative impact on the vaccination of chickens on the first day of age. The vaccine virus partially damaged the Harderian gland.

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