The importance of basic concepts in the individual assessment of preschool children

1978 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Kaufman
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000688
Author(s):  
Focke Ziemssen ◽  
You-Shan Feng ◽  
Sven Schnichels ◽  
Tarek Bayyoud ◽  
Marius Ueffing ◽  
...  

IntroductionThe actual prevalence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection and the individual assessment of being or having been infected may differ. Facing the great uncertainty—especially at the beginning of the pandemic—and the possibility of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, subclinical infections, we evaluate the experience of SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening at a tertiary clinical setting.Methods and analysisAll employees of a tertiary eye centre and a research institute of ophthalmology were offered antibody testing in May 2020, using a sequential combination of different validated assays/antigens and point-of-care (POC) testing for a subset (NCT04446338). Before taking blood, a systematic inquiry into past symptoms, known contacts and a subjective self-assessment was documented. The correlations between serostatus, patient contacts and demographic characteristics were analysed. Different tests were compared by Kappa statistics.ResultsAmong 318 participants, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 9 employees. Chemiluminescence assays (chemiluminescence immunoassay and electrochemiluminescence) showed superior specificity and high reproducibility, compared with ELISA and POC results.In contrast to the low seropositivity (2.8%) of healthcare workers, higher than that of the other departments of the hospital, a large proportion mistakenly assumed that they might have already been infected. Antiviral antibody titres increased and remained on a plateau for at least 3 months.ConclusionsThe great demand and acceptance confirmed the benefit of highly sensitive testing methods in the early phase of the pandemic. The coincidence of low seroprevalence and anxious employees may have contributed to internalising the need of hygiene measures.


Author(s):  
Katharina Diehl ◽  
Alessia Brassat ◽  
Jennifer Hilger-Kolb

Abstract Background To assess physical activity (PA), a comparative measurement – evaluating one’s own PA compared to others – may be an appropriate method. In previous studies, the use of comparative measurements led to an effect known as unrealistic comparative optimism (UCO) – people being unrealistically optimistic about their behavior. Our aim was to use this comparative measurement in university students to quantify the prevalence of UCO at the group level and to draw conclusions on its validity. Methods We used data from the Nutrition and Physical Activity in Adolescence Study (NuPhA), a cross-sectional online survey that included only self-reports (n = 689). To assess PA among students, they were asked to rate their PA level compared to that of their same-aged fellow students. In addition, we used the Godin-Shephard leisure-time PA questionnaire and other questions on PA for comparisons. We used bivariate and cluster-based analyses to identify potential UCO. Results We found that UCO at the group level led to an uneven distribution, with a higher proportion of students who rated themselves as being more physically active than average. However, the individual assessment of PA with a single and simple comparative question seemed to be valid. Discussion A global single comparative question seems useful for studies where PA is measured as a covariate in university students.


Psihologija ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Nikoloska

Cardinality principle refers to the fact that the last number tag used in counting determines the cardinality of a set. Macedonian kindergarten children were tested with the give-a-number task for understanding of this principle. It was found that Macedonian children, unlike their western counterparts, pass through an additional stage, 5-knowers, before they master the cardinality principle. Also, the age at which they pass through the individual stages is somewhat higher than the age of children coming from western samples. Possible explanations are offered and discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-235
Author(s):  
Olena Litichenko ◽  
Olena Kovalenko

The article presents the results of theoretical study of normative documents of early childhood education of Ukraine and European Union countries; the opinion of authoritative scientists on the issue of providing early childhood education of Ukraine is examined. Attention is focused on the fact that the qualitative development of preschool children depends on the ability of teachers to ensure the individual development of each child, so the issue of creating a quality education program is especially relevant. Based on the analysis of discussion issues related to the providing early childhood educational institutions with programs, an empirical study of the awareness of preschool teachers and practitioners with the variety of educational programs for preschool institutions in Ukraine, their right to choose and create their own. Experience of Bulgaria, Lithuania, Great Britain, Switzerland is considered. The results of the analysis of state standards and programs for preschool education shows that there are common views on the education of preschool children in the European education. Іn this article, the authors prove the importance and necessity opportunity for teachers to create their own programs for the development of preschool children.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (117) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
B.J. Parıdınova ◽  

The problem of developing the spiritual worldview and spirituality was the development of society at all stages. The spiritual worldview and spirituality of the individual, teachers in society changed depending on the level of the social structure of the state and its ideology, religious and secular views, the development of pedagogical science. Therefore, the spiritual worldview and spirituality of the whole society is one of the most important characteristics of the pedagogical preparation of the individual. The research problem is relevant in the framework of the program «Rukhani zhangyru». Therefore, we believe that a set of activities under the program is the core of this topic. Spiritual worldview and spirituality is the most important issue in the context of globalization. The purpose of this article is to generalize and systematize this problem, to determine the role and place of the spiritual worldview and spirituality. To achieve the purpose, this study discusses some of the findings of scientists on the problem of spiritual worldview and spirituality in education. The discussed fundamental principles of development and existing scientific works on the problem of spiritual worldview and spirituality. Many actual issues can be considered in the notion of concept since these categories has not yet been studied in science. In this article special attention is paid to spiritual worldview and spirituality and its basic concepts, which is one of the most important problems in pedagogy and psychology. The article the relevance and importance of theoretical understanding of the data category. Presented some theoretical problems of the formation and preservation of spiritual worldview and spirituality. Рухани дүниетанымның даму мәселесі және руханилық қоғам дамуының барлық салаларында өзекті болып саналады. Қоғамдағы тұлғаның, мұғалімнің рухани дүниетанымы мен руханилығы мемлекеттің әлеуметтік құрылысы мен оның идеологиясы, діни және зайырлы көзқарастары, педагогикалық ғылымның дамуы деңгейіне байланысты өзгеріп отырады. Сондықтан барлық қоғам мүшелерінің рухани дүниетанымы мен руханилығы тұлғаның педагогикалық дайындығының маңызды сипаттамалық белгісі болып табылады. Зерттеу мәселесі «Рухани жаңғыру» бағдарламасы аясында өзекті болып саналады. Сол себепті бағдарлама шеңберіндегі шаралар кешені берілген тақырыптың өзегі деп ойлаймыз. Жаһандану шарттарында «Рухани дүниетаным» және «Руханилық» категориялары маңызды мәселе болып табылады. Осы мақаланың мақсаты болып берілген мәселені жинақтау және жүйелеу, рухани дүниетаным мен руханилықтың рөлін, орнын анықтау болып саналады. Мақсатқа жету үшін берілген жұмыста білім берудегі рухани дүниетаным мен руханилық мәселесіне байланысты кейбір қорытындылары қарастырылады. Рухани дүниетаным мен руханилық мәселесіне байланысты дамытудың негізгі қағидалары мен ғылымда бар жұмыстар талқыланады. Өйткені берілген категориялар ғылымда толықтай зерттелмеген және зерттелуі тиіс көптеген өзекті мәселелері жетерлік. Берілген мақалада рухани дүниетаным және руханилықтың, оның педагогикадағы және психологиядағы негізгі түсініктеріне ерекше назар аударылады. Мақалада берілген категорияларды теориялық түсінудің өзектілігі мен маңыздылығы дәйектеледі. Рухани дүниетаным мен руханилықтың қалыптасуы мен сақтаудағы кейбір теориялық мәселелері ұсынылған.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3B) ◽  
pp. 258-267
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Krasheninnikova ◽  
Valentina V. Voroshilova ◽  
Olga S. Polunina ◽  
Natalia V. Osipova ◽  
Nikolay N. Kosarenko ◽  
...  

The article aims to study the specificities of an individually differentiated approach in the formation of speech generalization semantics and communicative competence in older preschool children. The main approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches in the study of an individually differentiated approach to the linguistic competence of preschool children, which allows us to identify the most effective ones.  The article focuses on the concepts of individualization and differentiation in the development of the semantic aspect of speech and communicative competence, taking into account the individual psychological characteristics of the children. It is concluded that an individually differentiated approach increases the effectiveness of measures to form linguistic competence in the system of semantics of generalization of discourse. The materials of the article can be useful for speech therapists, specialists in preschool institutions that work in the area of speech development for older preschoolers, as well as for teachers in search of effective technologies for the formation of language skills.


Author(s):  
Marzena Maria Szurek ◽  
Ewa Zmuda

The article is a linguistic analysis of the selected book titles intended for preschool children. In the main part of the work, the authors focus on describing the structure and the semantics of the individual ideonyms. The second part is in fact the functional look at the collected material. This is intended to lead to recognition of possible cultural and pedagogical trends in analyzed ideonyms.


Author(s):  
Jaroslava Rajchlová ◽  
Anna Fedorová ◽  
Kristina Somerlíková ◽  
Libor Grega

Business acquisition constitutes a fundamental aspect of business environment formation. Our research has focused on assessment of impact of capital acquisition on the economic condition of the company. Therefore, the second research level has been initiated, focusing on the individual assessment of the single companies to identify allocation of synergy between consolidated units and parent companies in the Czech Republic. For our research, taking into consideration availability of data and subsequent explanatory value of the results, we will consider synergistic effect as presented in the Ansoff’s concept. Consolidated financial statements of totally 719 groups of accounting entities – business concerns in the Czech Republic has been studied in the research. A composite indicator, as the modern tool for comparison and evaluation of development of entities, has been selected to compare individual economic indicators of parent companies and group of their companies. We believe that developed arguments allow us to formulate conclusion that capital acquisitions, resulting in the years 2008–2013 in the obligation to compile consolidated financial statement, have brought positive financial synergistic effects in majority of cases, and we can rank them among successful business activities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Yoanna Dimitrova

When creating decorative drawings, preschool children build stylized forms – elements and ornaments, rhythmically connected in decorative compositions. The use of rhythm as the main mean of expression is the basis for the improvement of controlled motor skills, which are a necessary condition for the construction of written speech. Developing a sense of coherence between the individual elements and connecting them into a single whole is the challenge in building a decorative composition. The use of an exact number of decorative elements and their logical and rhythmic alternation in the composition help to build a sense of coherence and perfection in the decorative drawings of preschool children.


Author(s):  
Valentina Dagiene ◽  
Vaiva Grabauskiene

The topic of the individual learning conditions creation can be analysed from the technological as well as pedagogical side. In both cases there is the same fundamental point: how to create valuable and as much as possible natural learning environment? The experience in the application of technologies for personalisation, analysed in scientific literature, reveals newer possibilities for the individual activities support. This encourages taking a different route in analysing individual learning – to interdisciplinary combine the content of close concepts. The paper deals with basic concepts of interdisciplinary content analysis – informatics and information technology impact to an individual learning in primary school.


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