Estradiol-Induced alteration in the immune system. II. Suppression of cellular immunity in the rat is not the result of direct estrogenic action

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Myers ◽  
Larry D. Butler ◽  
Bruce H. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Estrogenic Action

scholarly journals Effects of age on immune function in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochen Song ◽  
Dazhi Tang ◽  
Shaojia Yan ◽  
Hao Fan ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background There are many diseases in poultry, many of which are caused by poor immune function. It is not clear how cytokines and various immune cell functions change with age in modern broilers. The purpose of this study was to explore the patterns of development of the immunity of the broiler chickens in cage. Results The results showed that there were 3 development patterns of immunity in the broiler chickens. The first pattern was Down-Up. Cytokines and some immune indicators first decreased and then increased, and the lowest levels of immunity basically occurred from d 6 to 13. The second pattern was Up-Down, and from d 30 to 34, the highest levels of non-specific cellular immunity components, such as the peripheral blood mononuclear macrophage ratio, specific cellular immunity components, such as the peripheral blood helper T (Th) cell ratio and T cell and B cell proliferation activity, and mucosal immunity components, such as the ileal CD4, TGF-β1 and IgA mRNA levels, were observed. The third pattern was Up-Up, and the levels of the non-specific cellular immunity components, such as the serum nitric oxide (NO), C3 and C4 levels, the specific cellular immunity components, such as the spleen index, peripheral blood IL-2, IFN-γ/IL-4, cytotoxic T (Tc) cell ratio, and splenic NF-κB mRNA levels, the humoral immunity components, such as the serum IgG level, the mucosal immunity components, such as the ileal MHC-II, CD3d, TCRβ subunit, TCRζ subunit, IFN-γ, pIgR mRNA and ileal mucosa sIgA levels, were continuing to increase from d 1 to 34. Conclusions It could be concluded that the immune system and its function have not developed well in the broiler chickens d 6 to 13 and that the immune system does not mature until d 30 to 34 in the broiler chickens in cages. It is necessary to enhance the immune function of the broiler chickens through nutritional measures from d 1 to 30.

scholarly journals Influence of moderate physical load on parameters of the immune system among residents of contaminated areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Sokolenko ◽  
S. V. Sokolenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Training Group ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Therapeutic Exercises

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of physical stress caused by physical activity on parameters of immune system among the residents of areas contaminated with radionuclides. In the 2000–2015 we examined 125 students ofCherkasyStateUniversity, including the control group of people from uncontaminated areas, persons working in a basic physical training group and those with symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia, who worked in a therapeutic physical training group. Immune system parameters were analyzed: a day before physical training, immediately after the training and two days after the training to assess the recovery period. Indicators of cellular immunity were determined by immunophenotyping and dyeing on Romanowsky-Giemsa. The level of immunoglobulins in blood serum was determined by radial immunodiffusion on Mancini. The level of cortisol in blood serum was determined by the immunoenzyme method. Here we established that even in the absence of physical activity, some immunosuppression of T-cell immunity was observed in residents of contaminated areas. Working in the basic physical training group resulted in a significant decrease in the relative number of lymphocytes and increasing in the relative number of band neutrophils, which is a typical feature of the early stages of stress response. A statistically significant reduction in relative and absolute number of cells with phenotypes CD3+, CD5+, CD4+ and immunoregulatory index CD4+/CD8+ was observed. There were no significant changes of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with phenotype CD8+ and natural killer cells with phenotype CD16+. Increase of the relative number of B cells, that express CD72 antigen, and growth trend in serum IgM were registered. All parameters analyzed were within the physiological homeostatic norm, however, some reached extreme recommended levels. Recovery period lasted 2 days. Individuals working in therapeutic physical training group did not show statistically significant changes in immune system parameters. Thus, therapeutic exercises don't reach the stress level and can be potentially safe for the natural resistance of the body. So, among residents of areas contaminated with radionuclides due to the Chernobyl accident, moderate load during physical training lessons causes short-term compensatory changes of cellular immunity within the homeostatic norm with effective and rapid recovery. Taking into account the immunosuppression, caused by chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation, it is important to choose exercises, their duration and intensity carefully , giving preference to therapeutic exercises. 

scholarly journals Use of Immune Modulator Interferon-Gamma to Support Combating COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Fatih Ozcelik ◽  
Alpaslan Tanoglu ◽  
Mehmet Zahit Çıracı ◽  
Ilbey Kayra Ozcelik
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity

While the COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the future of people worldwide, it has made it necessary to take measures with high economic costs, including quarantine. We consider it is more logical for some scientists to investigate time-saving treatment options until vaccination studies, which are started to be studied rapidly, are accomplished or specific antiviral agents are found. In this context, treatment combinations of one or more of the immune modulators known as cytokines, which can stimulate or accelerate the immune system, should be tried. In our opinion, although such options are not as effective as specific treatments such as vaccines, such options will offer highly effective alternatives in times of emergency. For this reason, we found it appropriate to make a reminder by preparing a broad review about interferon gamma, which is an antivirus and is an immunomodulator and which plays a critical role in humoral and cellular immunity.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Long-Term Impact on Cellular Immunity in COVID-19-Recovered Individuals Reveals a Profound NKT Cell Impairment

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Xuecheng Yang ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Ziwei Li ◽  
Hui Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Nkt Cell ◽  
Cellular Immune System ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affected over 120 million people and killed over 2.7 million individuals by March 2021. While acute and intermediate interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system have been studied extensively, long-term impacts on the cellular immune system remain to be analyzed. Here, we comprehensively characterized immunological changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 49 COVID-19-convalescent individuals (CI) in comparison to 27 matched SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals (UI). Despite recovery from the disease for more than 2 months, CI showed significant decreases in frequencies of invariant NKT and NKT-like cells compared to UI. Concomitant with the decrease in NKT-like cells, an increase in the percentage of annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) double-positive NKT-like cells was detected, suggesting that the reduction in NKT-like cells results from cell death months after recovery. Significant increases in regulatory T cell frequencies and TIM-3 expression on CD4 and CD8 T cells were also observed in CI, while the cytotoxic potential of T cells and NKT-like cells, defined by granzyme B (GzmB) expression, was significantly diminished. However, both CD4 and CD8 T cells of CI showed increased Ki67 expression and were fully able to proliferate and produce effector cytokines upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Collectively, we provide a comprehensive characterization of immune signatures in patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that the cellular immune system of COVID-19 patients is still under a sustained influence even months after the recovery from disease. IMPORTANCE Wuhan was the very first city hit by SARS-CoV-2. Accordingly, the patients who experienced the longest phase of convalescence following COVID-19 reside here. This enabled us to investigate the “immunological scar” left by SARS-CoV-2 on cellular immunity after recovery from the disease. In this study, we characterized the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the immune system and provide a comprehensive picture of cellular immunity of a convalescent COVID-19 patient cohort with the longest recovery time. We revealed that the cellular immune system of COVID-19 patients is still under a sustained influence even months after the recovery from disease; in particular, a profound NKT cell impairment was found in the convalescent phase of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Modern Conceptions about the Mechanisms of Interaction Between Biofilm and Cellular Immunity Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
N. M. Shlepotina ◽  
M. V. Peshikova ◽  
O. L. Kolesnikov ◽  
Yu. S. Shishkova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cellular Immune

Features of the cellular immune response in the presence of a microbial biofilm are well described in the literature. Based on numerous studies, it became possible to establish a number of patterns: mature biofilms are better protected from immune factors, the effectiveness of antibiofilm strategies depends on species of the microorganisms, forming the biofilm, and, accordingly, on the composition of the biopolymer matrix. For example, rhamnolipids and alginate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exert a significant negative effect on the function of immunocompetent cells. The bacteria of biofilms became able to turn to their advantage many of the protective reactions developed by the immune system and fixed evolutionarily, applying them for the growth and development of the microbial consortium.

scholarly journals Features of immune response in chronic exposure to industrial aerosols

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1058-1061
Author(s):  
Elena N. Kryuchkova ◽  
L. M. Saarkoppel ◽  
I. V. Yatsyna
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Dust Aerosols

There are considered features of disorders of the immune response in chronic exposure to dust aerosols. The detected changes of indices of the immune status of employees of the dust dangerous occupations and patients with chronic dust pathology of the lungs were unidirectional in the character, which is probably caused by manifestations of nonspecific response of the immune system to the dust factor. The deterioration of cellular immunity, humoral immunity and cytokine profile predisposes to the occurrence of immunopathologic states, contributing to the development of caused by both worksite and occupation pathology.

scholarly journals Autoinflammatory diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
V.V. Rameev ◽  
L.V. Lysenko (Kozlovskaya) ◽  
M.V. Bogdanova ◽  
S.V. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Autoinflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodic Syndrome ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Mediterranean Fever

Autoinflammatory diseases are a group of disorders caused by a dysregulation of the innate immune system. Unlike autoimmune diseases, they are not associated with changes in humoral or cellular immunity. The authors review the current classification, clinical manifestations and treatment of various systemic autoinflammatory diseases, including cryopirinassociated periodic syndrome, familial Mediterranean fever, HIDS, and TRAPS.

Specific immunotherapy in patients with infectious -and-allergic rhinitis

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
F. A. Fattakhova
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity

The improvement and normalization of the characteristics of humoral and cellular immunity and nonspecific organism protection correspond to the good and excellent results of immunotherapy, whereas in unsatisfactory and satisfactory results the pathologic ships in immune system are conserved,, ov the insignificant positive dynamics of immunologic characteristics is observed. The presence ot immune disorders after the immunotherapy course by bacterial allergens is an indication for the following extension without regard to the clinical results obtained up to, the normalisation and improvehent of immunologic characteristics.

The systemic immunity humoral link status in patients with traumatic illness

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4 (72)) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Plehutsa ◽  
R. I. Sydorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Integrated Indicators

The influence of trauma on parameters of humoral immunity changes has been studied. The study includes 52 patients with various forms of traumatic illness, aged 18-69 years (37,91±4,28). The control group consisted of 16 patients who had undergone a routine surgery not related to the pathology of musculoskeletal system. All patients of the main group were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of their condition. Analysis of parameters of cellular link of immune system was performed by defining the pool of B-lymphocytes (CD22+ lymphocytes), determination of main classes' immunoglobulins, and calculation of integrated indicators. The highest expression (immune disorders of II-III grades) of changes of cellular immunity was observed in patients with severe traumatic illness (detailed clinical picture). Surgical intervention, even without traumatic injury significantly affect cellular immunity, but in patients with traumatic illness immunity disorders were significantly higher than in the comparison groups. 

scholarly journals A ROLE FOR CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN EARLY POSTPARTUM PERIOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-858
Author(s):  
N. A. Panova ◽  
V. G. Skopichev
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Sex Chromatin

The functioning of the secretory organs is closely related to the activity of the immune system. As is well known, this participation is manifested in the fact that at certain stages of activity, the lymphoid cells migrating to the organ can be involved in the regulation of secretion. In addition, the products of the immune system and even its cellular elements can become components of a number of secrets. Colostrum and milk contain a large number of cells of a wide spectrum (up to 1/3 of the volume), of which the number of lymphocytes is up to 16% of leukocytes. Lymphocytes, in an immunologically active form, entering the newborn’s body with colostrum, activate the cellular immunity system. The transport of lymphokinin mediators plays a certain role in this process. Microphages, T- and B-lymphocytes, penetrating through the intercellular spaces into the lymphoid layer of the intestine, transmit immunoreceptors to the prolymphocytes of the newborn, "armed" with their activity to recognize genetically foreign ones. The lymphocytes contained in colostrum are the cells of the immune system that provide cellular and humoral immunity. They are mainly represented by T-cells, B-cells and killer cells. Milk T-cells produce a full spectrum of immune regulatory proteins such as interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha. These cells are the cells of the immune memory. Newborns who received the first portion of colostrum no later than an hour after birth are characterized by an increased number of leukocytes, more pronounced phagocytosis, which indicates the stimulation of hemo- and lymphocytosis. When carrying out transmission and scanning electron microscopy in the epithelial layer of the intestine, cellular elements were found that got there from the intestinal lumen. Microsections show how cells of a lymphoid nature, pushing apart the structures of the epithelial layer, bypass natural barriers and, at the same time, retain their physiological usefulness. The possibility of penetration of immunocompetent cells of the mother’s colostrum into the bloodstream of the young is proved using the natural label of the female’s cells – sex chromatin. Naturally, sex chromatin-labeled cells were sought in male newborns. The detection of colostrum cells in the intestinal wall and bloodstream of the young is approximately 25% in the blood, 1% in the lymph, and about 70% in the intestine. There is no doubt that the leukocytes of colostrum are of exceptional importance in creating immunity in newborn animals. 

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