Variable low-density polylactic acid and microsphere composite material for additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) offers a flexible approach for the production of bespoke microfluidic structures such as the electroosmotic pump. Here a readily accessible fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing...

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Ni-coated CaCu3Ti4O12/low density polyethylene composite material with ultra-high dielectric permittivity

AIP Advances ◽

10.1063/1.4930075 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 087183 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

L. Gao ◽

X. Wang ◽

Y. Chen ◽

Q. G. Chi ◽

Q. Q. Lei

Keyword(s):

Composite Material ◽

Dielectric Permittivity ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Low Density ◽

Polyethylene Composite ◽

High Dielectric Permittivity ◽

High Dielectric

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Additive manufacturing of PLA-based scaffolds intended for bone regeneration and strategies to improve their biological properties

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly-2020-0046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 571-599

Author(s):

Ricardo Donate ◽

Mario Monzón ◽

María Elena Alemán-Domínguez

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Design Stage ◽

Bone Scaffolds ◽

Regeneration Of Bone

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most commonly used materials in the biomedical sector because of its processability, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Among the different techniques that are feasible to process this biomaterial, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained attention recently, as it provides the possibility of tuning the design of the structures. This flexibility in the design stage allows the customization of the parts in order to optimize their use in the tissue engineering field. In the recent years, the application of PLA for the manufacture of bone scaffolds has been especially relevant, since numerous studies have proven the potential of this biomaterial for bone regeneration. This review contains a description of the specific requirements in the regeneration of bone and how the state of the art have tried to address them with different strategies to develop PLA-based scaffolds by AM techniques and with improved biofunctionality.

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Thermal, structural, and mechanical effects of nanofibrillated cellulose in polylactic acid filaments for additive manufacturing

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.4.7954-7964 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 7954-7964

Author(s):

Diego Gomez-Maldonado ◽

Maria Soledad Peresin ◽

Christina Verdi ◽

Guillermo Velarde ◽

Daniel Saloni

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

3D Printing ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Thermal Characterization ◽

Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽

Small Decrease ◽

The Matrix

As the additive manufacturing process gains worldwide importance, the need for bio-based materials, especially for in-home polymeric use, also increases. This work aims to develop a composite of polylactic acid (PLA) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) as a sustainable approach to reinforce the currently commercially available PLA. The studied materials were composites with 5 and 10% NFC that were blended and extruded. Mechanical, structural, and thermal characterization was made before its use for 3D printing. It was found that the inclusion of 10% NFC increased the modulus of elasticity in the filaments from 2.92 to 3.36 GPa. However, a small decrease in tensile strength was observed from 55.7 to 50.8 MPa, which was possibly due to the formation of NFC aggregates in the matrix. This work shows the potential of using PLA mixed with NFC for additive manufacturing.

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Suitability of Recycled PLA Filament Application in Fused Filament Fabrication Process

Tehnički glasnik ◽

10.31803/tg-20210805120621 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 491-497

Author(s):

Tomislav Breški ◽

Lukas Hentschel ◽

Damir Godec ◽

Ivica Đuretek

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Design Of Experiment ◽

Experimental Approach ◽

Manufacturing Processes ◽

Support Structures ◽

Fused Filament Fabrication ◽

Layer Height ◽

Printing Parameters

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is currently one of the most popular additive manufacturing processes due to its simplicity and low running and material costs. Support structures, which are necessary for overhanging surfaces during production, in most cases need to be manually removed and as such, they become waste material. In this paper, experimental approach is utilised in order to assess suitability of recycling support structures into recycled filament for FFF process. Mechanical properties of standardized specimens made from recycled polylactic acid (PLA) filament as well as influence of layer height and infill density on those properties were investigated. Optimal printing parameters for recycled PLA filaments are determined with Design of Experiment methods (DOE).

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Natural Aerobic Degradation of Polylactic Acid (Composites) with Natural Fiber Additives

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.919.167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 919 ◽

pp. 167-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jan Prusek ◽

Martin Boruvka ◽

Petr Lenfeld

Keyword(s):

Composite Material ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Fiber Reinforcement ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Composite Sample ◽

Aerobic Degradation ◽

Different Types ◽

Natural Degradation

This paper deals with natural degradation of PLA (polylactic acid) composites with natural fiber reinforcement in non-simulated conditions. Composite material was made of PLA and 6 different types of biodegradable fibers. Fibers made from pulp, wool, bamboo, soya, flax and hemp. All samples had 20% volume of fibers. Three of each composite sample were placed in compost (aerobic surrounding) for 72 weeks. All samples were examined at the beginning every 2 weeks to observe if the degradation process occurred and all samples were examined at the end of 72 weeks period to observe results of degradation of each composite material.

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Additive manufacturing of ceramics: Present status and future perspectives

10.31224/osf.io/gk9n6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mainak Saha ◽

Manab Mallik

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Microstructure Evolution ◽

Review Article ◽

Low Density ◽

Structure Property ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Structural Applications ◽

Systematic Structure ◽

State Of Research

At present, fabrication of ceramics using AM-based techniques mainly suffers from two primary limitations, viz: (i) low density and (ii) poor mechanical properties of the finished components. It is worth mentioning that the present state of research in the avenue of AM-based ceramics is focussed mainly on fabricating ceramic and cermet components with enhanced densities and improved mechanical properties. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, not much is known about the microstructure evolution and its correlation with the mechanical properties of the finished parts. Addressing the aforementioned avenue is highly essential for understanding the utilisation of these components for structural applications. To this end, the present review article is aimed to address the future perspectives in this avenue has been provided with a special emphasis on the need to establish a systematic structure-property correlation in these materials.

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Additive manufacturing of ceramics and cermets: present status and future perspectives

10.31224/osf.io/f6h95 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mainak Saha ◽

Manab Mallik

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Present Status ◽

Interdisciplinary Research ◽

Low Density ◽

Metallic Materials ◽

Structure Property ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Present Decade ◽

Systematic Structure

The present decade has witnessed a huge volume of research revolving around a number of Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques, especially for the fabrication of different metallic materials. However, fabrication of ceramics and cermets using AM-based techniques mainly suffers from two primary limitations which are: (i) low density and (ii) poor mechanical properties of the final components. Although there has been a considerable volume of work on AM based techniques for manufacturing ceramic and cermet parts with enhanced densities and improved mechanical properties, however, there is limited understanding on the correlation of microstructure of AM-based ceramic and cermet components with the mechanical properties. The present article is aimed to review some of the most commonly used AM techniques for the fabrication of ceramics and cermets. This has been followed by a brief discussion on the microstructural developments during different AM-based techniques. In addition, an overview of the challenges and future perspectives, mainly associated with the necessity towards developing a systematic structure-property correlation in these materials has been provided based on three factors viz. the efficiency of different AM-based fabrication techniques (involved in ceramic and cermet research), an interdisciplinary research combining ceramic research with microstructural engineering and commercialisation of different AM techniques based on the authors’ viewpoints.

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Processing and mechanical behavior of rigid and flexible material composite systems formed via voxel digital design in polyjet additive manufacturing

Rapid Prototyping Journal ◽

10.1108/rpj-06-2020-0119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Furkan Ulu ◽

Ravi Pratap Singh Tomar ◽

Ram Mohan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Composite Material ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Digital Design ◽

Composite Part ◽

Content Type ◽

Composite Systems ◽

Polyjet Printing ◽

Material Composite

Purpose PolyJet technology allows printing complex multi-material composite configurations using Voxel digital designs' capability, thus allowing rapid prototyping of 3D printed structural parts. This paper aims to investigate the processing and mechanical characteristics of composite material configurations formed from soft and hard materials with different distributions and sizes via voxel digital print design. Design/methodology/approach Voxels are extruded representations of pixels and represent different material information similar to each pixel representing colors in digital images. Each geometric region of a digitally designed part represented by a voxel can be printed with a different material. Multi-material composite part configurations were formed and rapidly prototyped using a PolyJet printer Stratasys J750. A design of experiments composite part configuration of a soft material (Tango Plus) within a hard material matrix (Vero Black) was studied. Composite structures with different hard and soft material distributions, but at the same volume fractions of hard and soft materials, were rapidly prototyped via PolyJet printing through developed Voxel digital printing designs. The tensile behavior of these formed composite material configurations was studied. Findings Processing and mechanical behavior characteristics depend on materials in different regions and their distributions. Tensile characterization obtained the fracture energy, tensile strength, modulus and failure strength of different hard-soft composite systems. Mechanical properties and behavior of all different composite material systems are compared. Practical implications Tensile characteristics correlate to digital voxel designs that play a critical role in additive manufacturing, in addition to the formed material composition and distributions. Originality/value Results clearly indicate that multi-material composite systems with various tensile mechanical properties could be created using voxel printing by engineering the design of material distributions, and sizes. The important parameters such as inclusion size and distribution can easily be controlled within all slices via voxel digital designs in PolyJet printing. Therefore, engineers and designers can manipulate entire morphology and material at each voxel level, and different prototype morphologies can be created with the same voxel digital design. In addition, difficulties from AM process with voxel printing for such material designs is addressed, and effective digital solutions were used for successful prototypes. Some of these difficulties are extra support material or printing the part with different dimension than it designed to achieve the final part dimension fidelity. Present work addressed and resolved such issued and provided cyber based software solutions using CAD and voxel discretization. All these increase broad adaptability of PolyJet AM in industry for prototyping and end-use.

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