Lignosulfonate properties and reaction conditions enhance precipitation and affect ensuing quality of proteins from green biomass juice for monogastric animal feed

Animal feed knife is a tool that serves to cut and chop animal feed consisting of grass as the main ingredient with additives such as bran, herbs, centrate, cassava, tofu pulp and others. Therefore, as a cutting tool must have the properties of friction resistance, impact resistance, and have good sharpness, so that the material chosen is Ni-Hard 1. The use of centrifugal casting method was chosen because it has the advantage of being able to make castings with relatively thin thickness this is due to the influence of the centrifugal force on the distribution of metal liquids throughout the cavity in the mold. Case study in this study is the use of centrifugal casting methods as an alternative to gravity casting methods to overcome defects of misruns. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of speed on the formation of castings products. The method that was carried out began with a literature study on centrifugal casting, and continued by determining the material, the temperature of the cast is in the range 1250ºC - 1300ºC, and the type of mold. The next step is to do work drawings, pattern making, mold making, casting processes, fettling processes, and analysis. With variations in speed of 200 rpm, 300 rpm and 400 rpm, it can be seen the optimal speed for making this product. The results of this study obtained optimal speed at a speed of 300 rpm to make good quality of animal feed knife products.

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The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11072098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2098

Author(s):

Wen-Yang Chuang ◽

Li-Jen Lin ◽

Hsin-Der Shih ◽

Yih-Min Shy ◽

Shang-Chang Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Animal Health ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Health It ◽

High Fiber ◽

Monogastric Animal ◽

Animal Growth ◽

Positive Effect ◽

By Products

With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.

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Study on the Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by Strong Acidic Cation Exchange Resin

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.2411 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 396-398 ◽

pp. 2411-2415 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ping Lan ◽

Li Hong Lan ◽

Tao Xie ◽

An Ping Liao

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Cation Exchanger ◽

Cation Exchange Resin ◽

Isoamyl Acetate ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Optimum Reaction

Isoamyl acetate was synthesized from isoamylol and glacial acetic acid with strong acidic cation exchanger as catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions such as acid-alcohol ratio, reaction time, catalyst dosage to esterification reaction have been investigated and the optimum reaction conditions can be concluded as: the molar ratio of acetic acid to isoamylol 0.8:1, reaction time 2h, 25 % of catalyst (quality of acetic acid as benchmark). The conversion rate can reach up to 75.46%. The catalytic ability didn’t reduce significantly after reusing 10 times and the results showed that the catalyst exhibited preferably catalytic activity and reusability.

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Effect of pH on Size and Concentration of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized using Ixora coccinea Linn. Leaf Extracts

Oriental Journal Of Chemistry ◽

10.13005/ojc/360612 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1103-1106

Author(s):

Darwin F. Reyes ◽

Gil Fabien S. Cabrera ◽

Shemma Mica V. Mata ◽

azmin Pariz D. San Pedro ◽

add Christian C. Palioc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Cost Effective ◽

The Philippines ◽

Reducing Agent ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Effect Of Ph ◽

Ixora Coccinea ◽

Ornamental Shrub

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles via plant-mediated approach is an emerging area of research interest worldwide. The procedure is cost-effective and does not require the use of toxic chemicals and complicated reaction conditions. In the present investigation, silver nanoparticles were prepared using the leaf extracts of Ixora coccinea Linn., a common ornamental shrub in the Philippines, as the reducing agent. The effect of pH on the synthesis was investigated, and results showed that the quality of the synthesized silver nanoparticles changes in varying pH of the reducing agent.

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Karakteristik Tepung Ampas Tahu yang Difermentasi dengan Lactobacillus plantarum terhadap kandungan Daidzein, Glycitein, dan Genistein

BUANA SAINS ◽

10.33366/bs.v20i1.1931 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Eka Fitasari ◽

Budi Santosa

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Animal Feed ◽

High Energy ◽

Microbial Culture ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Animal feed should ideally be inexpensive and not competing with humans. Ampas know is a waste of the manufacture of tofu that contains protein and high energy. Its use has problems due to the existence of antinutrient and cannot be kept long. Lactobacillus Plantarum is a lactic acid (Gram-positive) bacteria used in the fermentation process to improve the quality of feed. The goal of fermentation is to remove the anti-nutrients that exist in the tofu pulp and increase the content of Isoflavone (Daidzin, Glycitein, and Genistein) and Isoflavone is a source of antioxidants important to growth. The study uses a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatment of microbial culture concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (V/w), respectively repeated 3 times. The result of analyzes in the pulp of tofu fermentation suggests that fermentation by Lactobacillus Plantarum can increase the content of Daidzein, Glycitein, and genistein with the highest value resulting from the use of L. Plantarum 20% respectively 191.21 + 24.9 μg/g, 85.96 μg/g, and 120.82 μg/g. It can be concluded that the higher the use of the concentration of L. Plantarum in tofu pulp can increase the levels of isoflavone, so it is advisable to conduct research with the concentration of L. Plantarum higher in tofu pulp

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FEEDING FREQUENCY AND DENSITY OF MICROALGAE PASTE (CHLORELLA VULGARIS) IN THE DIET OF DEKALB UNDER BATTERY CAGE SYSTEM

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13562 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 429-437

Author(s):

Hannah F. Gan ◽

◽

Ken N. Falculan ◽

Keyword(s):

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Egg Production ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Shape Index ◽

Internal Quality ◽

Feeding Frequency ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Cage System ◽

Laying Performance

Poultry products are the major source of animal protein for most people throughout the world and egg production is the major index of performance of commercial layer business and the avenue in the potential increase ofincome from the enterprise which focuses onegg yield, weight of eggs, and increasing their quality production to enhance economic performance.Microalgae is certainly an interesting solution, it aims to increase its value as an animal feed additive in new commercial applications. The experimental research was used in this study to evaluate the laying performance and egg quality of DeKalb under two feeding regimen such as feeding density andfrequency of microalgae paste Chlorella vulgaris under battery type cage system. The experiment was conducted in acompletely randomized designwith a period of 30 days with 81 Dekalb of the same age. The experimental diet used were commercial feeds,microalgae paste and feeding frequencies of 4 times, 3 times and 2 times.Egg characteristics such as total number of eggs, egg weight (g), egg length (mm), egg width (mm) and shape index (%) were computed based on the data from feeding frequency and density. The costs of feeds and price of grown Dekalb and some material used were used in the computation of return on investment. Based on the result, the effect on the external quality of eggs fed under different feeding densities and frequencies on egg production, egg width, egg weight, egg length and shape index resulted to not significantthe null hypothesis was accepted. The internal quality, the effect of different feeding densities on albumen height, albumen weight and yolk width also statistically not significant. Supplementation of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris on hen diet can be included as a dietary supplement for laying hens up to 80% of the diet to produce quality eggs.

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Mycotoxin Contamination in the Food Chain

Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.14334/wartazoa.v26i3.1393 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Eny Martindah ◽

Sjamsul Bahri

Keyword(s):

Food Chain ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Mold Growth ◽

Mould Growth ◽

Mycotoxin Contamination ◽

T2 Toxin

Mycotoxins contamination in animal feed is harmful to livestock and leads to residues, such as aflatoxin and its metabolites (aflatoxin M1, aflatoxicol, aflatoxin Q1 and aflatoxin P1) which are deposited in meat, milk, and eggs. The existence of mycotoxins has been widespread; and mycotoxin is the most important contaminant in the food chain because it has implications for human health. Mold growth and mycotoxin production mainly depend on the weather, such as warm temperatures (28-31°C) and high humidity (60-90%). Some types of mold can produce more than one type of mycotoxin and some mycotoxins can be produced by more than one species of fungi. Mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, fumonisin, zearalenone, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol, and T2 toxin present in feed and feedstuffs that have to be controlled. Mycotoxins are not only harmful to the health of consumers, but will also reduce the quality of the product that is contaminated, and cause economic losses. The risk of mycotoxin contamination in animal feed could be reduced by inhibiting the mould growth and toxin production, through crop rotation, using proper fungicides, and applying regulation of mycotoxins maximum limit in feed and food in order to prevent any danger to public health.

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A Review of the Evolution of Dairy Policies and Regulations in Rwanda and Its Implications on Inputs and Services Delivery

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.611298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Naphtal Habiyaremye ◽

Emily Awuor Ouma ◽

Nadhem Mtimet ◽

Gideon Aiko Obare

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Development Project ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Public And Private ◽

Services Delivery ◽

Health Inputs ◽

Public And Private Sector ◽

Veterinary Products

The dairy sector in Rwanda plays a key role in improving nutrition and generating income mostly for rural households. Despite the Rwandan 1994 genocide that left around 80% of dairy cows decimated, the dairy sector has experienced significant growth in the past two decades through government, development organisations, and donor programs, and through the nascent vibrant public–private partnership. In this paper, we reviewed and documented the evolution of the dairy policies, programs, and regulations in Rwanda and how they have contributed to the development of the dairy sector. The policy change has impacted the provision and use of inputs and services that have shaped the sector's milk production and productivity, milk quality, and demand. The results suggest that various policy- and program-level interventions have positively contributed to the growth of the dairy sector and improved the livelihoods of low-income households. This has been achieved through increased access to inputs and services, enhanced capacities of the public and private sector to deliver services, strengthened dairy cooperatives' governance, and increased value proposition to members of various farmer groups and promotion of milk consumption. We find that some of the implemented policies and programs, such as the “Girinka” (one cow per poor family) program, Rwanda Dairy Competitiveness Program II, and Rwanda Dairy Development Project, have resulted in improved farmer access to improved cow breeds and improved milk quality and cow productivity through enhanced health inputs and other services. While the dairy policies, programs, and regulations in Rwanda have paved the way for the development of the dairy sector and contributed to the provision and use of inputs and services, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. Accessibility and use of veterinary and artificial insemination services are limited by the quality of veterinary products, while the inadequate quality of feeds leads to low productivity of improved cow breeds. Consequently, farmers' uptake and use of inputs and services can be enhanced through a strengthened capacity of milk collection centres and health and animal feed policies that guide and control the quality of veterinary products and feeds sold in the markets.

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Influence of wastewater reuse on the microbiological quality of sunflowers for animal feed

Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.4136/ambi-agua.1116 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Roseanne Santos de Carvalho ◽

José Sebastião dos Santos Filho ◽

Larissa Oliveira Gama de Santana ◽

Danielle Almeida Gomes ◽

Luciana Coêlho Mendonça ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Microbiological Quality

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Hummingbird-Leaves-Reared Black Soldier Fly Prepupae: Assessment of Nutritional and Heavy Metal Compositions

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology9090274 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Giva Kuppusamy ◽

Chee Kei Kong ◽

Ganeswaran Chandra Segaran ◽

Eliyarajan Tarmalingam ◽

Max Herriman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Nutritional Content ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Sesbania Grandiflora ◽

Fold Reduction ◽

Matter Basis

Black soldier fly (BSF) larva is an attractive animal feed replacer due to its noticeable nutritional content. However, the conventional rearing method often resulted in BSF with undesirably high heavy metal residues that are harmful to animals. In this work, putrefied Sesbania grandiflora (S. Grandiflora) leaves were employed as feed to rear BSF larvae. The resultant BSF prepupae were found to contain 43.5% protein and 16.7% fat, reflecting a comparable protein content and a 2-fold reduction in crude fat than those reared using conventional kitchen waste. Moreover, high quantities of arginine (25.4 g/kg dry matter basis (DM)), carnitine (32.9 g/kg DM), and short-chain fatty acids, including lauric (40.00%), palmitic (19.20%), and oleic (12.10%) acids, have also been noticed in the BSF prepupae. Furthermore, the BSF larvae have been recorded with 0.185 mg/kg chromium, 0.380 mg/kg selenium, and mercury below the detection limit, which is far lower than those reared using conventional kitchen and agricultural wastes (≈1.7 mg/kg chromium, 1.2 mg/kg selenium, and 0.2 mg/kg mercury). Overall, the study shows that the nutritional quality of BSF prepupae is extensively improved when using S. Grandiflora as their feed. The resultant BSF prepupae may serve as an alternative feed for animal rearing.

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