Analysis of feed composition and growth parameters of Penaeus monodon supplemented with two probiotic species and formulated diet

Recent human cohort studies reported positive associations between organic food consumption and a lower incidence of obesity, cancer, and several other diseases. However, there are very few animal and human dietary intervention studies that provide supporting evidence or a mechanistic understanding of these associations. Here we report results from a two-generation, dietary intervention study with male Wistar rats to identify the effects of feeds made from organic and conventional crops on growth, hormonal, and immune system parameters that are known to affect the risk of a number of chronic, non-communicable diseases in animals and humans. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to separate the effects of contrasting crop protection methods (use or non-use of synthetic chemical pesticides) and fertilizers (mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers vs. manure use) applied in conventional and organic crop production. Conventional, pesticide-based crop protection resulted in significantly lower fiber, polyphenol, flavonoid, and lutein, but higher lipid, aldicarb, and diquat concentrations in animal feeds. Conventional, mineral NPK-based fertilization resulted in significantly lower polyphenol, but higher cadmium and protein concentrations in feeds. Feed composition differences resulting from the use of pesticides and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer had a significant effect on feed intake, weight gain, plasma hormone, and immunoglobulin concentrations, and lymphocyte proliferation in both generations of rats and in the second generation also on the body weight at weaning. Results suggest that relatively small changes in dietary intakes of (a) protein, lipids, and fiber, (b) toxic and/or endocrine-disrupting pesticides and metals, and (c) polyphenols and other antioxidants (resulting from pesticide and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer use) had complex and often interactive effects on endocrine, immune systems and growth parameters in rats. However, the physiological responses to contrasting feed composition/intake profiles differed substantially between the first and second generations of rats. This may indicate epigenetic programming and/or the generation of “adaptive” phenotypes and should be investigated further.

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DINAMIKA POPULASI DAN STATUS PEMANFAATAN UDANG TIGER (Penaeus monodon Fabricius 1798) DI PERAIRAN TARAKAN, KALIMANTAN UTARA

BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap ◽

10.15578/bawal.12.1.2020.11-17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Umi Chodrijah ◽

Ria Faizah ◽

Tirta Danu

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Survey Method ◽

Von Bertalanffy ◽

Population Parameters ◽

Exploitation Rate ◽

Tiger Prawn ◽

Exploitation Status

Udang tiger (Penaeus monodon Fabricius 1798) di Tarakan merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor dan sudah dimanfaatkan cukup lama serta memiliki permintaan dan nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Penelitian dinamika populasi dan status pemanfaatan udang tiger di perairan Tarakan dan sekitarnya dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi status stok sumberdaya udang agar pengelolaannya dapat berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari-November 2016 dengan metode survey. Status pemanfaatan diduga berdasarkan laju eksploitasi dan estimasi rasio pemijahan berbasis data panjang (LB-SPR). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan udang tiger memiliki panjang karapas asimptotik (CL∞) sebesar 65,45 mm, laju pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 1,55 /tahun dan nilai t0 sebesar -0,20/tahun sehingga diperoleh persamaan pertumbuhan Von Bertalanffy CLt = 65,45(1 – e-1,55(t+-0,20)). Laju mortalitas total (Z) sebesar 6,56/ tahun, mortalitas alami (M) sebesar 1,95/tahun, mortalitas penangkapan (F) sebesar 4,62/tahun dan tingkat pemanfaatan (E) sebesar 0,70 /tahun. Tingkat pemanfaatan udang tiger di perairan Tarakan lebih besar dari tingkat pemanfaatan optimal sehingga disarankan untuk menurunkan upaya sebesar 40% dari upaya saat ini.Tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius 1798) was one of the export commodity and had been exploited for longtime ago so it was necessary to study about its population parameters and exploitation status for its sustainable management. This research aimed to study about the population parameters and exploitation status of tiger prawn. The research were carried out from January to November 2016 using survey method and the enumeration programme. The growth parameters were based on the Modal Progression Analysis. Exploitation status was estimated based on length based spawning potential ratio (LB-SPR). The results showed that the asymptotic length (CL∞) was 65.45 mm, the growth rate (K) was 1.55 /year and = t0 was -0,20/year so Von Bertalanffy Growth Model was CLt = 65.45(1 - e -1.55(t+-0.20)). Total mortality (Z) was 6.56/years, natural mortality was 1.95/years and fishing mortality was 4.62/years and the highest recruitment of tiger prawns occured in May. The exploitation rate (E) was 0,70/years. The exploitation rate now is higher then the optimal level so it is recommended to reduce 40% of the current efforts.

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Performance of weaner rabbits fed forage supplemented with local spices

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v47i2.101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 76-81

Author(s):

D. N Onunkwo ◽

O. A. Ekine

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Antibody Production ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

The Body ◽

Formulated Diet ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Forage Utilization

Chemical composition of spices revealed that they have the potential to enhance forage utilization by rabbits. A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of weaner rabbits fed forages supplemented with spices (curry, utazi, uziza and scent leaf). This study lasted fo 56 days. Five treatment diets were formulated: diet 1 (control without spice), diet 2 (curry), diet 3, (utazi), diet 4 (uziza) and diet 5 (scent leaf) with the same percentage inclusionrespectively. Thirty weaner rabbits were randomly allocated to the treatment diets with six rabbits per treatment and two per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design. Feed an water were provided to the weaner rabbits ad libitum. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the growth parameters except in the feed intake while the organ proportion and carcass cut part of rabbits fed the treatment diets showed significant differences (P<0.05) inall the cut parts measured. However, rabbits fed forage supplemented with curry, utazi, uziza and scent leaf were significantly different (P<0.05) among the treatments in all the organ proportions measured. The spleen of weaner rabbits fed forage supplemented with curry, utazi, uziza and scent leaf were significantly (p<0.5) than that of diet 1 (control) which indicates higher antibody production in the body of rabbits fed diets containing spices to fightagainst any toxin associated with spices since spleen is the major source of lymphocytes responsible for defense. From the findings in this study, it could be concluded that rabbits fed local spices especially curry and utazi did better and therefore are recommended in weaner rabbits diets for better performance.

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BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, POPULATION PARAMETERS, EXPLOITATION STATUS AND SPAWNING POTENTIAL RATIO OF GIANT TIGER PRAWN (PENAEUS MONODON FABRICIUS, 1798) IN SEBATIK WATERS, KALIMANTAN UTARA

Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia ◽

10.15578/jppi.25.3.2019.191-202 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Tirtadanu Tirtadanu ◽

Umi Chodrijah

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Biological Characteristics ◽

Nursery Ground ◽

Population Parameters ◽

Biometric Data ◽

Stock Status ◽

Tiger Prawn ◽

Spawning Potential Ratio ◽

Exploitation Status

The limited data and the unreported information about the yields of giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) in Sebatik caused difficulties in estimating potention and stock status of tiger prawn. The study that could be applied for estimating stock status and management strategy for sustainable shrimp fisheries in Sebatik Waters was the study about biological characteristics, population parameters and spawning potential ratio. Samples were obtained from the catch of trammel net by fishers in some landing areas in Tanjung Aru and the biometric data has been collected during April-December 2018. The growth parameters were obtained from the movement of the monthly mode of carapace length that were based on the Von Bertalanffy growth model. Exploitation status was obtained from exploitation rate of E and length based SPR. The results showed that the mean size of shrimps that was captured by trammel net was 46,9±0,14 mmCL for male and 53,4±0,25 mmCL for female. Most of shrimps were caught before they spawn (Lc=51,2 mmCL<Lm=55,8 mmCL) and tiger prawns spawn throughout the year that the peaks occurred in Agustus dan November-December. Female shrimp has larger size (L∞ jantan=66,25 mmCL; L∞ betina=84,5 mmCL) and faster growth rate( K male=1,27 year-1; K female=1,39 year-1) than the male. The natural mortality of male shrimp was the same as the female (M=1,7 tahun-1) while the fishing mortality of male was higher than female (F male=2,13 tahun-1; F female=1,7 tahun-1). Exploitation status of tiger prawn in Sebatik Waters was fully exploited (E=0,5-0,55) and the shrimp stock has not been on growth overfishing yet according to spawning potential ratio of 34%. The shrimps fishing in Sebatik Waters could continue by avoiding the fishing on the nursery ground.

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Studies of Ge/Si(100) and Observation of Atomic Steps on Si(100) using Biassed Secondary Electron Imaging in a UHV STEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010018029x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 308-309

Author(s):

Mohan Krishnamurthy ◽

Jeff S. Drucker ◽

John A. Venablest

Keyword(s):

Secondary Electron ◽

Critical Thickness ◽

Surface Defects ◽

Film Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Ultra High Vacuum ◽

Surface Steps ◽

Epitaxial Crystal Growth ◽

Electron Imaging

Secondary Electron Imaging (SEI) has become a useful mode of studying surfaces in SEM[1] and STEM[2,3] instruments. Samples have been biassed (b-SEI) to provide increased sensitivity to topographic and thin film deposits in ultra high vacuum (UHV)-SEM[1,4]; but this has not generally been done in previous STEM studies. The recently developed UHV-STEM ( codenamed MIDAS) at ASU has efficient collection of secondary electrons using a 'parallelizer' and full sample preparation system[5]. Here we report in-situ deposition and annealing studies on the Ge/Si(100) epitaxial system, and the observation of surface steps on vicinal Si(100) using b-SEI under UHV conditions in MIDAS.Epitaxial crystal growth has previously been studied using SEM and SAM based experiments [4]. The influence of surface defects such as steps on epitaxial growth requires study with high spatial resolution, which we report for the Ge/Si(100) system. Ge grows on Si(100) in the Stranski-Krastonov growth mode wherein it forms pseudomorphic layers for the first 3-4 ML (critical thickness) and beyond which it clusters into islands[6]. In the present experiment, Ge was deposited onto clean Si(100) substrates misoriented 1° and 5° toward <110>. This was done using a mini MBE Knudsen cell at base pressure ~ 5×10-11 mbar and at typical rates of 0.1ML/min (1ML =0.14nm). Depositions just above the critical thickness were done for substrates kept at room temperature, 375°C and 525°C. The R T deposits were annealed at 375°C and 525°C for various times. Detailed studies were done of the initial stages of clustering into very fine (∼1nm) Ge islands and their subsequent coarsening and facetting with longer anneals. From the particle size distributions as a function of time and temperature, useful film growth parameters have been obtained. Fig. 1 shows a b-SE image of Ge island size distribution for a R T deposit and anneal at 525°C. Fig.2(a) shows the distribution for a deposition at 375°C and Fig.2(b) shows at a higher magnification a large facetted island of Ge. Fig.3 shows a distribution of very fine islands from a 525°C deposition. A strong contrast is obtained from these islands which are at most a few ML thick and mottled structure can be seen in the background between the islands, especially in Fig.2(a) and Fig.3.

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Cooptimization of growth parameters in glycerol mediated mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae in a bubble column photobioreactor

10.1021/scimeetings.0c03615 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Prof. Saikat Chakraborty ◽

Sreyashi Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Bubble Column ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Mixotrophic Cultivation ◽

Bubble Column Photobioreactor

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Evaluation of Azadirachtin on Arthrospira plantensis Gomont growth parameters and antioxidant enzymes

Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology ◽

10.1051/limn/2020008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Hatice Tunca ◽

Ali Doğru ◽

Feray Köçkar ◽

Burçin Önem ◽

Tuğba Ongun Sevindik

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Arthrospira Platensis ◽

Proline Content ◽

Enzyme Analysis ◽

Free Proline ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Pesticide Pollution ◽

Antioxidant Parameters ◽

Mda Content

Azadirachtin (Aza) used as insecticide due to inhibiting growth of insects and preventing them from feeding on plants. To understand the effects of contamination of this insecticide on phototrophs, and to determine the responses of these organisms against these insecticides are extremely important in understanding how the ecosystem is affected. In this study, chlorophyll-a amount, OD 560 and antioxidant parameters (total SOD, APX, GR, Proline, MDA and H2O2) were determined in order to understand the effect of Aza on Arthrospira platensis Gomont. Aza was applied between 0–20 μg mL−1 concentrations for 7 days in the study. Enzyme analysis was conducted at the end of the 7th day. There was a statistically significant decrease in the absorbance of OD560 and the chlorophyll-a content in A. platensis cultures exposed to the Aza (0–20 μg mL−1) during 7 days due to the increase in pesticide levels. SOD activity decreased at 8, 16 and 20 μg mL−1 concentrations; GR enzyme activity showed a significant decrease compared to the control at a concentration of 20 μg mL−1. APX activity did not change significantly compared to control. The MDA content increased significantly at 16 and 20 μg mL−1 concentrations. The H2O2 content significantly increased at 12, 16 and 20 μg mL−1 concentrations (p < 0.05) while the free proline content decreased at 4 μg mL−1 concentration (p < 0.05). As a result, regarding the Aza concentrations used in this study may be a step to prevent pesticide pollution in the environment.

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Vibrio harveyi virulence gene expression in vitro and in vivo during infection in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao03475 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 139 ◽

pp. 153-160

Author(s):

S Peeralil ◽

TC Joseph ◽

V Murugadas ◽

PG Akhilnath ◽

VN Sreejith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Vibrio Harveyi ◽

Penaeus Monodon ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Virulence Gene Expression

Luminescent Vibrio harveyi is common in sea and estuarine waters. It produces several virulence factors and negatively affects larval penaeid shrimp in hatcheries, resulting in severe economic losses to shrimp aquaculture. Although V. harveyi is an important pathogen of shrimp, its pathogenicity mechanisms have yet to be completely elucidated. In the present study, isolates of V. harveyi were isolated and characterized from diseased Penaeus monodon postlarvae from hatcheries in Kerala, India, from September to December 2016. All 23 tested isolates were positive for lipase, phospholipase, caseinase, gelatinase and chitinase activity, and 3 of the isolates (MFB32, MFB71 and MFB68) showed potential for significant biofilm formation. Based on the presence of virulence genes, the isolates of V. harveyi were grouped into 6 genotypes, predominated by vhpA+ flaB+ ser+ vhh1- luxR+ vopD- vcrD+ vscN-. One isolate from each genotype was randomly selected for in vivo virulence experiments, and the LD50 ranged from 1.7 ± 0.5 × 103 to 4.1 ± 0.1 × 105 CFU ml-1. The expression of genes during the infection in postlarvae was high in 2 of the isolates (MFB12 and MFB32), consistent with the result of the challenge test. However, in MFB19, even though all genes tested were present, their expression level was very low and likely contributed to its lack of virulence. Because of the significant variation in gene expression, the presence of virulence genes alone cannot be used as a marker for pathogenicity of V. harveyi.

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