Ibex in context: A new insight into the meaning of the ibex depiction in the rock art of Iran based on new findings from Mount Eüji-iti in Central Western Iran

Abstract Aging and circadian rhythms are two biological processes that affect an organism, although at different time scales. Nevertheless, due to the overlap of their actions, it was speculated that both interfere or interact with each other. However, to address this question, a much deeper insight into these processes is necessary, especially at the cellular level. New methods such as single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) have the potential to close this gap in our knowledge. In this review, we analyze applications of scRNA-Seq from the aging and circadian rhythm fields and highlight new findings emerging from the analysis of single cells, especially in humans or rodents. Furthermore, we judge the potential of scRNA-Seq to identify common traits of both processes. Overall, this method offers several advantages over more traditional methods analyzing gene expression and will become an important tool to unravel the link between these biological processes.

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A New Framework for Interpreting Contact Rock Art

The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Rock Art ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190607357.013.27 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Claire Smith ◽

Jordan Ralph ◽

Kylie Lower ◽

Jennifer McKinnon ◽

Matthew Ebbs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rock Art ◽

South Australia ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Site Specific ◽

Specific Contact ◽

Temporal Succession ◽

Insight Into ◽

Different Parts ◽

New Framework

This chapter addresses the challenge of seeing beyond the motif. Based on a case study in the Mid North of South Australia, this chapter presents a new analytical framework for analyzing style in rock art and using stylistic characteristics to identify authorship. The framework can be customized to different sites and/or regions to provide more nuanced understandings of specific contact trajectories. The results of this study suggest that innovation in contact rock art initially occurs in a single aspect of style and that a sequencing of innovations may be able to provide a temporal succession for contact motifs. The wider value of this framework is that it provides a basis for developing regional or site-specific models of style that may help researchers obtain greater insight into the authorship of contact rock art in different parts of the world.

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Recent advances in understanding RAG deficiencies

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.17056.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 148 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Andrew Gennery

Keyword(s):

Protein Function ◽

B Lymphocyte ◽

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ◽

Molecular Processes ◽

Nonsense Mutations ◽

Vdj Recombination ◽

Recombination Activating Genes ◽

New Findings ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Insight Into

Recombination-activating genes (RAG)1 and RAG2 initiate the molecular processes that lead to lymphocyte receptor formation through VDJ recombination. Nonsense mutations in RAG1/RAG2 cause the most profound immunodeficiency syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Other severe and less-severe clinical phenotypes due to mutations in RAG genes are now recognized. The degree of residual protein function may permit some lymphocyte receptor formation, which confers a less-severe clinical phenotype. Many of the non-SCID phenotypes are associated with autoimmunity. New findings into the effect of mutations in RAG1/2 on the developing T- and B-lymphocyte receptor give insight into the development of autoimmunity. This article summarizes recent findings and places the genetic and molecular findings in a clinical context.

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Final response and future directions

Antiquity ◽

10.15184/aqy.2014.38 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 89 (343) ◽

pp. 221-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Johan Ling ◽

Zofia Stos-Gale

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Rock Art ◽

Deep Insight ◽

Future Directions ◽

Final Response ◽

The Bronze Age ◽

Insight Into

It is rare for authors to be able to read comments on their paper by leading colleagues and to have the chance to respond before its publication. We would like to thank the editor of Antiquity for providing this opportunity. The comments express both acceptance of, and doubts about, interconnectedness between the eastern Mediterranean and Scandinavia in the Bronze Age. Kaul's comments demonstrate a deep insight into how Nordic archaeology reveals this interconnectedness; that is clearly expressed in his latest publication on the topic in Antiquity (Kaul 2013). Moreover, both Kaul and Sognnes, who accept these interconnections, have an excellent understanding of Scandinavian Bronze Age rock art. In fact, most of the reviewers’ comments express a positive attitude to the interpretation of the rock art images as possible representations of oxhide ingots.

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Rock Art Dating and the Peopling of the Americas

Journal of Archaeology ◽

10.1155/2013/713159 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David S. Whitley

Keyword(s):

Cultural Diversity ◽

Great Basin ◽

Rock Art ◽

Stone Tools ◽

Stylistic Variation ◽

Cultural Traditions ◽

Peopling Of The Americas ◽

Rock Varnish ◽

Terminal Pleistocene ◽

Insight Into

The peopling of the Americas is both the oldest and most frequently researched question in American archaeology. Although rarely considered, early art has the potential to provide insight into questions that may be obscured by other kinds of evidence, particularly stone tools. What part did art play in the peopling of the Americas? This question is addressed starting with a reconsideration of rock varnish chronometrics as applied to Great Basin, eastern California, petroglyphs. This demonstrates, conservatively, that the petroglyph tradition began before 11,100 YBP, probably before 12,600 YBP, and potentially in the 14,000 years range. Comparison of these ages with evidence from other regions in the hemisphere demonstrates substantial artistic and stylistic variation in rock art by the Paleoindian period (circa 10,000–11,000 YBP). This suggests that, while art may have been part of the baggage of the first immigrants, regional cultural traditions had already been developed by the Terminal Pleistocene, if not earlier. The result is evidence for the development of regional cultural diversity in the Americas by Paleoindian times.

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Travelling Through the Rock to the Otherworld: The Shamanic ‘Grammar of Mind’ Within the Rock Art of Siberia

Cambridge Archaeological Journal ◽

10.1017/s095977431700004x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 413-432

Author(s):

Andrzej Rozwadowski

Keyword(s):

Rock Art ◽

The Other ◽

Rock Surface ◽

Upper Palaeolithic ◽

The World ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

Universal Nature ◽

Insight Into ◽

Cave Art

One of the aspects of the relationship between rock art and shamanism, which has been supposed to be of a universal nature, inspired by trance experience, concerns the intentional integration of the images with rock. Rock surface therefore has been interpreted, in numerous shamanic rock-art contexts, as a veil beyond which the otherworld could be encountered. Such an idea was originally proposed in southern Africa, then within Upper Palaeolithic cave art and also other rock-art traditions in diverse parts of the world. This paper for the first time discusses the relevance of this observation from the perspective of unquestionable shamanic culture in Siberia. It shows that the idea of the otherworld to be found on the other side of the rock actually is a widespread motif of shamanic beliefs in Siberia, and that variants of this belief provide a new mode of insight into understanding the semantics of Siberian rock art. Siberian data therefore support previous hypotheses of the shamanic nature of associating rock images with rock surface.

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The Retinal Basis of Vertebrate Color Vision

Annual Review of Vision Science ◽

10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014926 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 177-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

T. Baden ◽

D. Osorio

Keyword(s):

Color Vision ◽

Ganglion Cells ◽

Bipolar Cells ◽

Retinal Ganglion ◽

Color Processing ◽

Long Wavelength ◽

New Findings ◽

Set Up ◽

The Brain ◽

Insight Into

The jawless fish that were ancestral to all living vertebrates had four spectral cone types that were probably served by chromatic-opponent retinal circuits. Subsequent evolution of photoreceptor spectral sensitivities is documented for many vertebrate lineages, giving insight into the ecological adaptation of color vision. Beyond the photoreceptors, retinal color processing is best understood in mammals, especially the blueONsystem, which opposes short- against long-wavelength receptor responses. For other vertebrates that often have three or four types of cone pigment, new findings from zebrafish are extending older work on teleost fish and reptiles to reveal rich color circuitry. Here, horizontal cells establish diverse and complex spectral responses even in photoreceptor outputs. Cone-selective connections to bipolar cells then set up color-opponent synaptic layers in the inner retina, which lead to a large variety of color-opponent channels for transmission to the brain via retinal ganglion cells.

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Religious Diversity in the Egyptian Desert: New Findings from the Dakhleh Oasis

Entangled Religions ◽

10.46586/er.v4.2017.17-39 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 17-39

Author(s):

Mattias Brand

Keyword(s):

Roman Empire ◽

Late Antiquity ◽

Religious Diversity ◽

Empire Building ◽

New Findings ◽

Egyptian Religion ◽

Egyptian Desert ◽

Extended Review ◽

Insight Into ◽

Dakhleh Oasis

New archaeological and papyrological discoveries in the Egyptian desert are destined to impact the study of religion in late antiquity. This extended review of An Oasis City (2015) will highlight some of most important findings related to the religious diversity of the region. The tremendous wealth of the new discoveries offers insight into the development of religion during the later Roman Empire. Building on this archaeological overview of Amheida (ancient Trimithis in the Dakhleh Oasis), this paper discusses the local situation of Egyptian religion, Christianity, and Manichaeism in late antiquity, with a particular focus on religious diversity and interaction in everyday life.

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A Reassessment of Red Linear Pictographs in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of Texas

American Antiquity ◽

10.7183/0002-7316.78.3.456 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 456-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Carolyn E. Boyd ◽

Amanda M. Castañeda ◽

Charles W. Koenig

Keyword(s):

Rock Art ◽

Field Analysis ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Artistic Style ◽

Relative Chronology ◽

Microscopic Field ◽

Recording Project ◽

Pecos River ◽

Lower Pecos ◽

Insight Into

AbstractRed Linear is one of four presently defined prehistoric pictograph styles in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of southwest Texas and Coahuila, Mexico. Based on interpretation of images and two experimental radiocarbon dates, the style was presumed to have been brought into the region by intrusive bison hunters around 1280 B.P. This would place production of Red Linear after the large, polychromatic Pecos River style paintings (4200–2750 B.P.). However, during a recent rock art recording project we identified Red Linear overlain by presumed older Pecos River style. This prompted our re-examination of Red Linear through analysis of 444 figures from 12 sites. We produced a list of diagnostic attributes for Red Linear and documented stratigraphie relationships through macro- and microscopic field analysis. We identified 38 examples of Red Linear under Pecos River figures, thus inverting the relative chronology for the two styles and forcing a reconsideration of previous assumptions regarding the culture that produced the art. This paper demonstrates the potential afforded by analysis of rock art assemblages to reveal inter- and intrasite patterning of attributes and provide insight into relative chronologies. Further, it cautions against the use of variation in artistic style as a marker for ethnicity.

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Getting Smart about Split Attention

Computer-Assisted Foreign Language Teaching and Learning ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2821-2.ch012 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 210-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rae Lynne Mancilla

Keyword(s):

International Students ◽

Note Taking ◽

Attention Effect ◽

New Findings ◽

L2 Learners ◽

E Learning ◽

Split Attention ◽

L2 Listening ◽

University Settings ◽

Insight Into

This chapter examines second language (L2) listening and note-taking tasks performed by international students in university settings, guided by Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and the split attention effect. It provides a background of the cognitive aspects of L2 listening processes, academic lecture listening, and note-taking, as they interface with temporal, physical, and affective forms of split attention to compromise information decoding and learning outcomes for L2 learners. While this work does not present new findings in the field, it reviews existing studies that provide insight into the Echo SmartpenTM by Livescribe as a mobile e-learning tool for alleviating the split attention effect, and enhancing the encoding and external storage functions of note-taking for L2 learners.

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