Effects of 7S globulin 3 derived from the adzuki bean [Vigna angularis] on the CSP- and eDNA- dependent biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans

ABSTRACTPotassium (K+) is the most abundant cation in the fluids of dental biofilm. The biochemical and biophysical functions of K+and a variety of K+transport systems have been studied for most pathogenic bacteria but not for oral pathogens. In this study, we establish the modes of K+acquisition inStreptococcus mutansand the importance of K+homeostasis for its virulence attributes. TheS. mutansgenome harbors four putative K+transport systems that included two Trk-like transporters (designated Trk1 and Trk2), one glutamate/K+cotransporter (GlnQHMP), and a channel-like K+transport system (Kch). Mutants lacking Trk2 had significantly impaired growth, acidogenicity, aciduricity, and biofilm formation. [K+] less than 5 mM eliminated biofilm formation inS. mutans. The functionality of the Trk2 system was confirmed by complementing anEscherichia coliTK2420 mutant strain, which resulted in significant K+accumulation, improved growth, and survival under stress. Taken together, these results suggest that Trk2 is the main facet of the K+-dependent cellular response ofS. mutansto environment stresses.IMPORTANCEBiofilm formation and stress tolerance are important virulence properties of caries-causingStreptococcus mutans. To limit these properties of this bacterium, it is imperative to understand its survival mechanisms. Potassium is the most abundant cation in dental plaque, the natural environment ofS. mutans. K+is known to function in stress tolerance, and bacteria have specialized mechanisms for its uptake. However, there are no reports to identify or characterize specific K+transporters inS. mutans. We identified the most important system for K+homeostasis and its role in the biofilm formation, stress tolerance, and growth. We also show the requirement of environmental K+for the activity of biofilm-forming enzymes, which explains why such high levels of K+would favor biofilm formation.

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A Novel Gene Involved in the Survival of Streptococcus mutans under Stress Conditions

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02549-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 97-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Dan Li ◽

Yukie Shibata ◽

Toru Takeshita ◽

Yoshihisa Yamashita

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Acid Tolerance ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Insertion Mutagenesis ◽

Trna Modification ◽

Content Type ◽

Virulence Proteins ◽

Random Insertion

ABSTRACTAStreptococcus mutansmutant defective in aciduricity was constructed by random-insertion mutagenesis. Sequence analysis of the mutant revealed a mutation ingidA, which is known to be involved in tRNA modification inStreptococcus pyogenes. Complementation ofgidAbyS. pyogenesgidArecovered the acid tolerance ofS. mutans. Although thegidA-inactivatedS. pyogenesmutant exhibited significantly reduced expression of multiple extracellular virulence proteins, theS. mutansmutant did not. On the other hand, thegidAmutant ofS. mutansshowed reduced ability to withstand exposure to other stress conditions (high osmotic pressure, high temperature, and bacitracin stress) besides an acidic environment. In addition, loss of GidA decreased the capacity for glucose-dependent biofilm formation by over 50%. This study revealed thatgidAplays critical roles in the survival ofS. mutansunder stress conditions, including lower pH.

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Effect of a Berry Polyphenolic Fraction on Biofilm Formation, Adherence Properties and Gene Expression of Streptococcus mutans and Its Biocompatibility with Oral Epithelial Cells

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10010046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Mariem Souissi ◽

Amel Ben Lagha ◽

Kamel Chaieb ◽

Daniel Grenier

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Cell Model ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Oral Epithelial Cells ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Oral Epithelial ◽

Wild Blueberry

The ability of Streptococcus mutans to adhere to oral surfaces and form biofilm is a key step in the tooth decay process. The aim of this study was to investigate a berry (wild blueberry, cranberry, and strawberry) polyphenolic fraction, commercialized as Orophenol®, for its antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-adhesion properties on S. mutans. Moreover, the biocompatibility of the fraction with human oral epithelial cells was assessed. Phenolic acids, flavonoids (flavonols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols), and procyanidins made up 10.71%, 19.76%, and 5.29% of the berry polyphenolic fraction, respectively, as determined by chromatography and mass spectrometry. The berry polyphenolic preparation dose-dependently inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation while not reducing bacterial growth. At concentrations ranging from 250 to 1000 µg/mL, the fraction inhibited the adhesion of S. mutans to both saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and saliva-coated nickel–chrome alloy. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that incubating S. mutans with the berry polyphenolic fraction was associated with a reduced expression of luxS gene, which regulates quorum sensing in S. mutans. The berry fraction did not show any significant cytotoxicity in an oral epithelial cell model. In conclusion, Orophenol®, which is a mixture of polyphenols from wild blueberry, cranberry and strawberry, possesses interesting anti-caries properties while being compatible with oral epithelial cells.

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Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi) Breeding

Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-23400-3_1 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Lixia Wang ◽

Jie Wang ◽

Xuzhen Cheng

Keyword(s):

Adzuki Bean ◽

Vigna Angularis

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Mediterranean herb extracts inhibit microbial growth of representative oral microorganisms and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0207574 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. e0207574 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Joachim Hickl ◽

Aikaterini Argyropoulou ◽

Maria Eleni Sakavitsi ◽

Maria Halabalaki ◽

Ali Al-Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Herb Extracts ◽

Oral Microorganisms

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The Effects of Surface Roughness of Composite Resin on Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus mutans in the Presence of Saliva

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/11-371-l ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 532-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

JW Park ◽

CW Song ◽

JH Jung ◽

SJ Ahn ◽

JL Ferracane

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Silicon Carbide ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Fluid Phase ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Carbohydrate Source ◽

Effect Of Surface

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of surface roughness of resin composite on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans in the presence of saliva. To provide uniform surface roughness on composites, disks were prepared by curing composite against 400-grit silicon carbide paper (SR400), 800-grit silicon carbide paper (SR800), or a glass slide (SRGlass). The surface roughness was examined using confocal laser microscopy. For biofilm formation, S. mutans was grown for 24 hours with each disk in a biofilm medium with either glucose or sucrose in the presence of fluid-phase or surface-adsorbed saliva. The adherent bacteria were quantified via enumeration of the total viable counts of bacteria. Biofilms were examined using scanning electron microscopy. This study showed that SR400 had deeper and larger, but fewer depressions than SR800. Compared to SRGlass and SR800, biofilm formation was significantly increased on SR400. In addition, the differences in the effect of surface roughness on the amount of biofilm formation were not significantly influenced by either the presence of saliva or the carbohydrate source. Considering that similar differences in surface roughness were observed between SR400 and SR800 and between SR800 and SRGlass, this study suggests that surface topography (size and depth of depressions) may play a more important role than surface roughness in biofilm formation of S. mutans.

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