The quality of compost was improved by low concentrations of fulvic acid owing to its optimization of the exceptional microbial structure

Fulvic acid is an extraction product of humus which is very potential for supplement fertilizer and able to reduce either inorganic or organic fertilizer application. The information about fulvic acid application as supplement fertilizer on ginger in Indonesia is still limited. The objective of the study was lo find oul the efect of fulvic acid as supplement fertilizer on the growth, productivity and quality of young ginger. A green house trial was conducted from July lo November 1996. Five levels of fulvic acid concentration, 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% were sprayed every week from 4 to 1 5 weeks ater planting (WAP). A randomized block design was used with five replicates. The results indicated that the growth of plant height and number of tiller of ginger increased rapidly al 8 WAP, then il became slowly from 12 lo 1 5 WAP Application 10% of fulvic acid was able to increase vegetative parts 99.6%, fresh and dry weight of rhizome 89 and 125% respectively, and starch content of rhizome 22.6%. To find oul of the optimal effect of fulvic acid on productivity and quality of ginger, a further research using higher level and application frequency of fulvic acid as an extract product from several humus types in Indonesia is needed.

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Continuous flow fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of mononucleotides and their metal complexes

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v89-140 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 910-920 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M. J. Bertrand ◽

V. Benham ◽

R. St-Louis ◽

M. J. Evans

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Fast Atom Bombardment ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Molecular Ions ◽

Fragment Ions ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Metal Adducts ◽

Matrix Concentration

The mass spectra of mononucleotides and their metal adducts Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ni, Co, Cu, and Zn of guanosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-GMP) as well as H, Na, and Mg of adenosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-AMP) and H and Ni of inosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-IMP) have been obtained in low concentrations of matrix in water using continuous-flow fast atom bombardment. The results indicate that this technique is suitable for the analysis of these complexes in aqueous media and yields spectra that are highly characteristic of the compounds analyzed. Parent-molecular ions and structurally significant fragment ions are observed for all compounds studied and the different binding sites for the metal on the nucleotides can be isolated from the fragment ions. Experimental parameters influencing the quality of the spectra such as flow rate, matrix concentration, matrix nature, and analyte concentration have been studied and optimized. For the thirteen compounds studied, it appears that continuous-flow FAB is superior to conventional FAB and that good quality spectra can be obtained with as little as 0.5% of added matrix thus minimizing spectral interferences. Keywords: continuous flow FAB, FAB MS, mass spectrometry, nucleotides, metal-nucleotides.

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Analysis of Difference in Microbial Community and Physicochemical Indices Between Surface and Central Parts of Chinese Special-Flavor Baijiu Daqu

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.592421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Yanru Chen ◽

Kaimin Li ◽

Ting Liu ◽

Ruyi Li ◽

Guiming Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Jiangxi Province ◽

Microbial Structure ◽

Brewing Process ◽

Different Parts ◽

Culture Dependent

Special-flavor Baijiu is a unique Baijiu in Jiangxi Province, China, whose uniqueness mainly depends on the unique production process of special-flavor Baijiu Daqu. However, the microbial structure and physicochemical indices of different parts of the special-flavor Baijiu Daqu are still unknown. This greatly reduces the actual value of Daqu in the production of special-flavor Baijiu. Therefore, culture-dependent and Illumina MiSeq sequencing methods were used to analyze the microbial structure of special-flavor Baijiu Daqu. The results indicated that there was a complicated microbial diversity in Chinese special-flavor Baijiu Daqu. The predominant bacterial communities were Bacillales, Lactobacillales, and Rhodospirillales, while Saccharomycetales and Eurotiales were the predominant fungal communities. Significant differences in microbial community and distribution were shown between the surface and central parts of Daqu. Acetobacter and Pichia genera were the predominant microorganisms in the surface part of Daqu, whereas Aspergillus, Kroppenstedtia, Oceanobacillus, and Bacillus genera were the predominant microorganisms in the central part of Daqu. Meantime, the different microbial distributions between the surface and central parts of Daqu caused the significant differences in the physicochemical indices. These results can provide an important theoretical basis for improving the brewing process and the quality of special-flavor Baijiu.

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Purification of soluble fulvic acid low concentrations by a diafiltration technique

Talanta ◽

10.1016/s0039-9140(98)00128-3 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 803-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

N Calace

Keyword(s):

Fulvic Acid ◽

Low Concentrations

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Is physiological glucocorticoid replacement important in children?

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2015-309538 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 199-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

John Porter ◽

Joanne Blair ◽

Richard J Ross

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Adrenal Insufficiency ◽

New Technologies ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Short Term ◽

Once Daily ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Diabetes And Obesity

Cortisol has a distinct circadian rhythm with low concentrations at night, rising in the early hours of the morning, peaking on waking and declining over the day to low concentrations in the evening. Loss of this circadian rhythm, as seen in jetlag and shift work, is associated with fatigue in the short term and diabetes and obesity in the medium to long term. Patients with adrenal insufficiency on current glucocorticoid replacement with hydrocortisone have unphysiological cortisol concentrations being low on waking and high after each dose of hydrocortisone. Patients with adrenal insufficiency complain of fatigue, a poor quality of life and there is evidence of poor health outcomes including obesity potentially related to glucocorticoid replacement. New technologies are being developed that deliver more physiological glucocorticoid replacement including hydrocortisone by subcutaneous pump, Plenadren, a once-daily modified-release hydrocortisone and Chronocort, a delayed and sustained absorption hydrocortisone formulation that replicates the overnight profile of cortisol. In this review, we summarise the evidence regarding physiological glucocorticoid replacement with a focus on relevance to paediatrics.

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Discrimination and risk assessment due to the volatile compounds and the inorganic elements present in the Greek marc distillates Tsipouro and Tsikoudia

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2005.39.1.907 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Evangelos H. Soufleros ◽

Pantelis Natskoulis ◽

Angeliki S. Mygdalia

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Grape Pomace ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Inorganic Elements ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Geographic Indications ◽

High Concentrations

Tsipouro and Tsikoudia are two denominations with geographic indications of the traditional Greek marc distillate, which is produced in continental Greece and in the island of Crete respectively. It is produced by the Greek winegrowers as well as by the professional distillers. To provide data on the safety of domestic Tsipouro and Tsikoudia distillates for human consumption and to draw conclusions from any essential results, which might have an impact on the quality of this product, 23 samples were analysed for: (a) Volatile compounds by the use of gas chromatography, (b) Inorganic elements, using atomic absorption spectrometry and (c) the pH values through-out using standard methods. Data revealed differences between these two denominations, which have been confirmed by the application of a statistic analysis and a PCA. Thus, Tsikoudia was found to contain statistically higher amounts of acetalde-hyde. However, the levels that have been observed did not exceed the official limits. Most of the Tsipouro and Tsikoudia samples also contained low concentrations of estragol, an anise compound, lead and copper, which do not represent a risk to consumer health due to their toxicity. On the other hand, the total concentration of higher alcohols was higher than the official minimum limit (140 g.hl-1 Absolute Alcohol-AA), while the amylic alcohols rarely exceeded 300 g.hl-1 AA. The high concentrations of ethyl acetate (>300 g.hl-1 AA) and ethyl lactate in a few samples showed the necessity of limiting unwanted fermentations in the grape pomace. The analytical study showed that the quality of the marc distillate is, generally, satisfactory. However, it revealed great differences between Tsipouro and Tsikoudia even among the samples of each denomination and, con-sequently, these domestic distillates need standardization and a more systematic production.

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Research Note: Stream water quality of a Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM)-protected watershed in Baybay, Leyte, Philippines

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr30110.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 137-146

Author(s):

Arturo Pasa

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality ◽

Forest Management ◽

Stream Water ◽

Research Note ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Stream Water Quality ◽

Community Based ◽

Low Concentrations

The study assessed the quality of stream water of the watershed within the Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) Project in Cienda, Gabas, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines. Results showed that, on the average, streamflow velocity was 0.30m/sec, streamflow volume 0.32m3/sec, turbidity 2.96 ntu and the associated sediments 16.0 mg/ L. Odor and taste were unobjectionable. pH ranged from 7.50 to 7.0 while total hardness from 7.84 to 15.16 mg/L. The average nitrite (NO2) content was 11.115mg/L while nitrate (NO3) was 1.05 mg/L. The concentration of nutrients was also very low. Phosphorous (P) ranged only from 2.20 to 4.46 mg/kg or parts per million (ppm) while potassium (K) ranged from 3.71 to 3.90 ppm. Sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were also very low. Heavy metals were detected but also at low concentrations.

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Preliminary assessment of the utilization of durian peel liquid smoke as a natural preservative for mackerel

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.18095.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Muhammad Faisal ◽

Asri Gani ◽

Farid Mulana

Keyword(s):

Batch Reactor ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Preliminary Assessment ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Natural Preservative ◽

Liquid Smoke ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Grade 3

Background: Durian peel is a type of biomass waste that contains cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. The pyrolysis of these compounds results in production of liquid smoke which can be used as a natural preservative to replace current synthetic preservatives. This research assessed the ability of liquid smoke produced during pyrolysis of durian peel to preserve fish. Methods: Dry durian peel waste underwent batch reactor pyrolysis at 340°C and 380°C, resulting in production of liquid smoke (grade 3), charcoal, and tar. This liquid smoke was then distilled at 190°C to produce grade 1 liquid smoke, which was used to preserve mackerel. The preservation process was conducted by soaking the mackerel samples in liquid smoke at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% concentration levels followed by observations every 6 hours. Tests to determine the total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) content, antibacterial quality of the liquid smoke and organoleptic quality of the fish were conducted in order to assess the preservation properties of the liquid smoke. Results: Tests on the antibacterial effects showed that the liquid smoke inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on fish even at low concentrations. At 54 hours, the TVB-N values remained below 30 mg nitrogen/g, indicating that the fish was still safe for human consumption. Results from the organoleptic tests showed that the concentration of liquid smoke influenced the preservation effects. Conclusions: At a concentration of 2–3%, the fish samples possessed acceptable flavor, taste, color and texture for up to 48 hours of soaking. However, the best conditions were obtained with a 3% concentration of liquid smoke (produced with 340°C pyrolysis), as the fish was still considered acceptable for up to 42 hours.

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