The downstream effects of forced exercise training and voluntary physical activity in an enriched environment on hippocampal plasticity in preadolescent rats

AbstractThe benefits of regular physical activity whether in primary- or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease are now irrefutable. Despite its well proven benefits, exercise training remains underused because of lack of insight and familiarity of the majority of cardiologists. This review offers cardiologists the necessary informations about the pathophysiological mechanisms, effects and limitations of the predominantly used training methods in various kardiovascular diseases.

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Histochemical Characterisation and Gene Expression Analysis of Skeletal Muscles from Maremmana and Aubrac Steers Reared on Grazing and Feedlot Systems

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 656

Author(s):

Giulia Foggi ◽

Francesca Ciucci ◽

Maria Conte ◽

Laura Casarosa ◽

Andrea Serra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Muscle Fibre ◽

Skeletal Muscles ◽

Gene Expression Analysis ◽

Type I ◽

Triceps Brachii ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Muscle Properties ◽

Voluntary Physical Activity

This study aimed to characterise the fibre composition of Triceps brachii (TB) and Semimembranosus (SM) muscles from 20 Maremmana (MA) and 20 Aubrac (AU) steers, and the effect of grazing activity in comparison with feedlot system. The histochemical method was performed with the m-ATPase method with an acid pre-incubation, thus allowing to distinguish type I, IIA, and IIB fibres. Additionally, on total RNA extracted from SM muscle, the expressions of atp1a1, mt-atp6, and capn1 genes were evaluated, in order to find potential associations with muscle fibre histochemical characteristics. In SM muscle, the MA steers had the greater frequency of oxidative fibres (type I and IIA) and the higher atp1a1 expression, in comparison to AU steers. Conversely, AU steers had a greater frequency of type IIB fibres, and the higher capn1 expression. A similar histochemical pattern was observed in TB muscle. The grazing activity was probably insufficient to determine differences both for fibre proportion and size, and gene expressions, except for mt-atp6 expression that was surprisingly highest in feedlot MA in comparison to other steers. These findings further the knowledge of muscle properties belonging to these breeds, and the effect of voluntary physical activity since few studies were available in this regard.

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Combined effects of repeated sauna therapy and exercise training on cardiac function and physical activity in patients with chronic heart failure

Disability and Rehabilitation ◽

10.3109/09638288.2015.1044032 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 409-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sumihito Haseba ◽

Harutoshi Sakakima ◽

Takuro Kubozono ◽

Syuhei Nakao ◽

Satoshi Ikeda

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Cardiac Function ◽

Combined Effects

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Impacts of vigorous and non-vigorous activity on daily energy expenditure

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns2003279 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 645-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Klaas R. Westerterp

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Size ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

High Intensity ◽

Activity Level ◽

Daily Energy Expenditure ◽

Activity Intensity ◽

Daily Energy

Activity intensity is a potential determinant of activity-induced energy expenditure. Tri-axial accelerometery is the most objective measurement technique for the assessment of activity intensity, in combination with doubly-labelled water for the measurement of energy expenditure under free-living conditions. Data on the effects of subject characteristics, including body size and age, and exercise training on the relationship between activity intensity and daily energy expenditure are reviewed. Average daily metabolic rate and non-basal energy expenditure are positively related to body size. The duration and intensity of physical activities do not need to be equivalent to the energy spent on activity. Obese subjects spend more energy on physical activity but can perform fewer activities, especially high-intensity (weight-bearing) activities, because of their higher body weight. Physical activity generally declines gradually from about 60 years of age onwards. Most subjects >80 years have an activity level well below the level defined for sedentary middle-aged adults. Spending relatively more time on low-intensity activities has a negative effect on the mean physical activity level. To obtain a higher physical activity level does not necessarily imply high-intensity activities. In an average subject 25% of the activity-induced energy expenditure may be attributed to high-intensity activities. Exercise training, as a form of high-intensity activity, affects the physical activity level more in younger subjects than in elderly subjects.

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Weight Loss and High-Protein, High-Fiber Diet Consumption Impact Blood Metabolite Profiles, Body Composition, Voluntary Physical Activity, Fecal Microbiota, and Fecal Metabolites of Adult Dogs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab379 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul ◽

Anne H Lee ◽

Sara E Belchik ◽

Jan S Suchodolski ◽

Kelly S Swanson

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Restricted Feeding ◽

High Fiber ◽

Voluntary Physical Activity ◽

Over Time

Abstract Canine obesity is associated with reduced lifespan and metabolic dysfunction, but can be managed by dietary intervention. This study aimed to determine the effects of restricted feeding of a high-protein, high-fiber (HPHF) diet and weight loss on body composition, physical activity, blood metabolites, and fecal microbiota and metabolites of overweight dogs. Twelve spayed female dogs [age: 5.5±1.1 yr; body weight (BW): 14.8±2.0 kg, body condition score (BCS): 7.9±0.8] were fed a HPHF diet during a 4-wk baseline phase to maintain BW. After baseline (wk 0), dogs were first fed 80% of baseline intake and then adjusted to target 1.5% weekly weight loss for 24 wk. Body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and blood samples (wk 0, 6, 12, 18, 24), voluntary physical activity (wk 0, 7, 15, 23), and fresh fecal samples for microbiota and metabolite analysis (wk 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24) were measured over time. Microbiota data were analyzed using QIIME 2. All data were analyzed statistically over time using SAS 9.4. After 24 wk, dogs lost 31.2% of initial BW and had 1.43±0.73% weight loss per wk. BCS decreased (P<0.0001) by 2.7 units, fat mass decreased (P<0.0001) by 3.1 kg, and fat percentage decreased (P<0.0001) by 3.1 kg and 11.7% with weight loss. Many serum metabolites and hormones were altered, with triglycerides, leptin, insulin, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 decreasing (P<0.05) with weight loss. Relative abundances of fecal Bifidobacterium, Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002, undefined Muribaculaceae, Allobaculum, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, Negativivibacillus, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, uncultured Erysipelotrichaceae, and Parasutterella increased (P<0.05), whereas Prevotellaceae Ga6A1 group, Catenibacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Fusobacterium, Holdemanella, Lachnoclostridium, Lactobacillus, Megamonas, Peptoclostridium, Ruminococcus gnavus group, and Streptococcus decreased (P<0.01) with weight loss. Despite the number of significant changes, a state of dysbiosis was not observed in overweight dogs. Fecal ammonia and secondary bile acids decreased, while fecal valerate increased with weight loss. Several correlations between gut microbial taxa and biological parameters were observed. Our results suggest that restricted feeding of a HPHF diet and weight loss promotes fat mass loss, minimizes lean mass loss, reduces inflammatory marker and triglyceride concentrations, and modulates fecal microbiota phylogeny and activity in overweight dogs.

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