Micro-mesoporous activated carbon simultaneously possessing large surface area and ultra-high pore volume for efficiently adsorbing various VOCs

Carbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 567-579
Author(s):  
Zongbo Zhang ◽  
Chen Jiang ◽  
Dawei Li ◽  
Yuqi Lei ◽  
Huimin Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Large Surface Area ◽  
Mesoporous Activated Carbon

scholarly journals Mesoporous activated carbon yielded from pre-leached cassava peels

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kayiwa ◽  
H. Kasedde ◽  
M. Lubwama ◽  
J. B. Kirabira
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Mesoporous Activated Carbon ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Cassava Peel

AbstractThe search for alternatives to fossil-based commercial activated carbon (AC) continues to reveal new eco-friendly potential precursors, among which is agricultural waste. The key research aspect in all these endeavors is empirical ascertainment of the core properties of the resultant AC to suit a particular purpose. These properties include: yield, surface area, pore volume, and the active surface groups. It is therefore pertinent to have process conditions controlled and tailored towards these properties for the required resultant AC. Pre-leaching cassava peels with NaOH followed by KOH activation and carbonization at holding temperatures (780 °C) above the melting point of K (760 °C) yielded mesoporous activated carbon with the highest surface area ever reported for cassava peel-based AC. The carbonization temperatures were between 480 and 780 °C in an activation–carbonization stepwise process using KOH as the activator at a KOH:peel ratio of 5:2 (mass basis). A 42% maximum yield of AC was realized along with a total pore volume of 0.756 cm3g−1 and BET surface area of 1684 m2g−1. The AC was dominantly microporous for carbonization temperatures below 780 °C, but a remarkable increase in mesopore volume (0.471 cm3g−1) relative to the micropore volume (0.281 cm3g−1) was observed at 780 °C. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the pre-treated cassava peels showed distortion in the C–H bonding depicting possible elaboration of more lignin from cellulose disruption by NaOH. A carboxylate stretch was also observed owing to the reaction of Na+ ions with the carboxyl group in the raw peels. FTIR showed possible absorption bands for the AC between 1425 and 1712 cm−1 wave numbers. Besides the botanical qualities of the cassava peel genotype used, pre-leaching the peels and also increasing holding activation temperature above the boiling point of potassium enabled the modified process of producing highly porous AC from cassava peel. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging showed well-developed hexagonal pores in the resultant AC and intercalated K profile in the carbon matrices, respectively.

Study of the Porous Structure and High Adsorption Capacity of Biomass-Based Activated Carbon Prepared from Aspen Wood by Ferric Nitrate III Activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Chunjiang Jin ◽  
Huimin Chen ◽  
Luyuan Wang ◽  
Xingxing Cheng ◽  
Donghai An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Wood Sawdust

In this study, aspen wood sawdust was used as the raw material, and Fe(NO3)3 and CO2 were used as activators. Activated carbon powder (ACP) was produced by the one-step physicochemical activation method in an open vacuum tube furnace. The effects of different mass ratios of Fe(NO3)3 and aspen wood sawdust on the pore structure of ACP were examined under single-variable experimental conditions. The mass ratio was 0–0.4. The detailed characteristics of ACP were examined by nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption capacity of ACP was established by simulating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using ethyl acetate. The results showed that ACP has a good nanostructure with a large pore volume, specific surface area, and surface functional groups. The pore volume and specific surface area of Fe-AC-0.3 were 0.26 cm3/g and 455.36 m2/g, respectively. The activator played an important role in the formation of the pore structure and morphology of ACP. When the mass ratio was 0–0.3, the porosity increased linearly, but when it was higher than 0.3, the porosity decreased. For example, the pore volume and specific surface area of Fe-AC-0.4 reached 0.24 cm3/g and 430.87 m2/g, respectively. ACP presented good VOC adsorption performance. The Fe-AC-0.3 sample, which contained the most micropore structures, presented the best adsorption capacity for ethyl acetate at 712.58 mg/g. Under the action of the specific reaction products nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxygen, the surface of modified ACP samples showed different rich C/O/N surface functional groups, including C-H, C=C, C=O, C-O-C, and C-N.

scholarly journals Conversion of automotive paint sludge to activated carbon via microwave pyrolysis technique for supercapacitor application

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Siti Shawalliah Idris ◽  
Muhammad Nasrul Bojy ◽  
Zakiuddin Januri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Microwave Pyrolysis ◽  
Supercapacitor Application ◽  
Paint Sludge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Radiation Time

Conversion of waste to wealth has been one of the ways to reduce the volume of industrial waste to disposal site, hence reducing the impact to the environment. In this work, paint sludge from an automotive industry (APS) was converted into activated carbon through chemical activation (potassium hydroxide (KOH)) using microwave pyrolysis technique. The effect of power and radiation time on the produced activated carbon were investigated and characterised (carbon content, surface area, and pore volume) to identify the possibility of application as a supercapacitor. Potassium hydroxide activation of the APS char via microwave pyrolysis has shown that power level and radiation time has influenced the yield of the APS activated carbon. A longer radiation time and higher power supply has produced activated carbon having higher carbon contents, lower impurities, higher surface area and higher pore volume. Thus, the APS activated carbon obtained via microwave pyrolysis at power supply 1000 W and 45 minutes radiation time had produced the highest surface area and total pore volume of 434.3 m2/g and 0.2901 cm3/g, respectively. However, the produced activated carbon is not suitable for the supercapacitor application as the minimum surface area requirement must be more than 1000 m2/g. The pore size of the activated APS char produced in this study was in the range of mesopores size which was also considered very poor for supercapacitor application. The outcome of this research has shown that the produced activated carbon could otherwise be used for other application than a supercapacitor.

Mesoporous Activated Carbon Filaments

1996 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiming Lu ◽  
D. D. L. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Mesoporous Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Filaments

ABSTRACTActivated carbon filaments of diameter ∼0.1 μm, main pore size (BJH) 55 Å, specific surface area 1310 m2/g and yield 36.2% were obtained by activating carbon filaments of diameter ∼ 0.1 urn in C02 + N2 (1:1) at 970°C for 80 min. Prior to this activation, the filaments were surface oxidized by exposure to ozone.

scholarly journals Massaranduba Sawdust: A Potential Source of Charcoal and Activated Carbon

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Castro ◽  
Nobre ◽  
Napoli ◽  
Bianchi ◽  
Moulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Large Surface Area ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Amorphous Structures ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

This paper provides proof of concept that activated carbon (AC) may be readily produced using limited conversion methods and resources from sawdust of massaranduba (Manilkara huberi) wood, thereby obtaining value-added products. Sawdust was sieved and heat-treated in an oxygen-free muffle furnace at 500 °C to produce charcoal. The charcoal was activated in a tubular electric furnace at 850 °C while being purged with CO2 gas. Microstructural, thermal and physical properties of the three components: sawdust, charcoal and AC were compared by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), density and water adsorption/desorption measurements. The resulting AC had a large surface area as measured by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) comparable to other such values found in the literature. The large surface area was due to pore development at the microstructural level as shown by FESEM. XRD illustrated that sawdust had a semi-crystalline structure whereas charcoal and AC evidenced mostly amorphous structures. TGA and DSC showed that AC had high reactivity to moisture compared to sawdust and charcoal.

Effect of Activating Agent on the Preparation of Bamboo-Based High Surface Area Activated Carbon by Microwave Heating

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongying Xia ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Chandrasekar Srinivasakannan ◽  
Jinhui Peng ◽  
Libo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Activating Agent

AbstractThe present work attempts to convert bamboo into a high surface area activated carbon via microwave heating. Different chemical activating agents such as KOH, NaOH, K2CO3 and Na2CO3 were utilized to identify a most suitable activating agent. Among the activating agents tested KOH was found to generate carbon with the highest porosity and surface area. The effect of KOH/C ratio on the porous nature of the activated carbon has been assessed. An optimal KOH/C ratio of 4 was identified, beyond which the surface area as well as the pore volume were found to decrease. At the optimized KOH/C ratio the surface area and the pore volume were estimated to be 3,441 m2/g and 2.093 ml/g, respectively, with the significant proportion of which being microporous (62.3%). Activated carbon prepared under the optimum conditions was further characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Activated carbons with so high surface area and pore volume are very rarely reported, which could be owed to the nature of the precursor and the optimal conditions of mixture ratio adopted in the present work.

Supercritical fluid immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on high surface area mesoporous activated carbon

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Jain ◽  
Veronica Ong ◽  
Sundaramurthy Jayaraman ◽  
Rajasekhar Balasubramanian ◽  
M.P. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Mesoporous Activated Carbon

scholarly journals Application of Titanium Dioxide in the Synthesis of Mesoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Agricultural Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Kaman Singh ◽  
Rayees Ahamad Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Porous Solid ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Powders ◽  
Mesoporous Activated Carbon

Adsorption is an important technique that significances the characteristics of porous solid materials and fine powders. The importance of porous solid materials and fine powders has been recognized when porous coal used for various applications such as catalysis, separation, isolation, sensors, chromatography, etc. Herein, the synthesis of mesoporous activated carbon derived from agricultural waste using TiO2. The TiO2-modified carbon was characterized employing scanning electron microscope (SEM), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The obtained results suggested that the TiO2-modified carbon could be a potential material for various application like dye removal, metal removal and allied areas. This book chapter describes the commonly used classifications of porous bulk materials and also reported here the characterization of porous solid materials and fine powders with special reference to the evaluation of the surface area, pore size distribution and thermodynamic parameters of the different mesoporous material, at various scales of resolution using relevant techniques. These materials comprise several levels of structures that of the mesopores, micropores as well as macropores. The apparent topography analysis of these materials, of various pore diameters, synthesized in our laboratory has been determined at various scales with the help of various characterization techniques.

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