Crystalline lens thickness change is associated with axial length elongation and myopia progression in orthokeratology

Purpose To investigate changes of crystalline lens position during accommodation in children with emmetropia, myopia, and hyperopia. Methods A total of 188 children (372 eyes) from 4 to 19 years old (mean age 11.3±4.43) with cycloplegic refractive error within a range +9.00 D to −9.00 D were enrolled. After a general ophthalmic examination, ultrasound biometry was performed, with the eye at a maximal accommodative effort. Cycloplegia was induced by triple installation of 1% tropicamide drops and 30 minutes later the biometric examination was repeated. Results In emmetropic eyes in the process of accommodation, the anterior pole of the crystalline lens moved forward by 0.144±0.14 mm (p ≤ 0.001); the position of the posterior pole did not change. In myopic eyes, the anterior pole moved forward by 0.071±0.13 mm (p≤0.001) and the posterior pole moved backward by 0.039±0.10 mm (p=0.003). In hyperopic eyes, the whole lens translocated anteriorly: anterior pole moved forward by 0.242±0.16 mm (p≤ 0.001) and posterior pole moved forward by 0.036±0.09 mm (p≤0.001). Differences among emmetropia, myopia, and hyperopia were statistically significant. Forward movement of the posterior pole correlated with a low axial length of the eye, and also with plus refractive error and with a smaller accommodative increase of lens thickness. Conclusions In children, accommodative changes of the crystalline lens position depend on refractive status.

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Repeatability and reproducibility of axial length, anterior chamber depth and crystalline lens thickness measurements using the Nidek US-500 Echoscan

African Vision and Eye Health ◽

10.4102/aveh.v74i1.16 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Khathutshelo P. Mashige

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chamber ◽

Axial Length ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Crystalline Lens ◽

Angle Closure ◽

Lens Thickness ◽

Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma ◽

The Right

Aim: The reliability of an instrument used to collect data for clinical and research purposes is greatly important, especially when it is used to determine changes in measured ocular parameters over time. The purpose of this study was to determine the intra-session repeatability and inter-session reproducibility of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and crystalline lens thickness (LT) measurements using the Nidek US-500 Echoscan.Method: Fifty successive automatic measurements of the above parameters were taken on the right eyes only of 12 healthy subjects aged 23–44 years old, followed by similar repeated measures after 1 week. Sample standard deviations (s.d.), precision (P) and coefficient of repeatability (COR) were calculated to determine intra-session repeatability. Coefficient of reproducibility (CRP), Bland and Altman plots, concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and paired t-tests that compared measurements obtained in the first and second sessions, were used to determine inter-session reproducibility.Results: Both the intra-session repeatability and inter-session reproducibility were within acceptable limits for the three variables assessed.Conclusion: The study showed that the Nidek US-500 Echoscan provides accurate, repeatable and reproducible measurements of AL, ACD and LT in healthy eyes. This finding will be of interest to optometrists and ophthalmologists who measure these parameters when diagnosing, managing and investigating conditions such as primary angle-closure glaucoma and keratoconus.

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Analysis of Ocular Biometric Parameters in Patients with Cystoid Macular Edema

The Eye ◽

10.33791/2222-4408-2021-4-7-11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 7-11

Author(s):

N. Yu. Gorbunova ◽

A. A. Voskresenskaya ◽

R. A. Yakovlev ◽

N. A. Pozdeeva

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Macular Edema ◽

Axial Length ◽

Crystalline Lens ◽

Thickness Measurement ◽

Federal State ◽

Foveal Thickness ◽

Biometric Parameters ◽

Lens Thickness ◽

Post Surgery

Relevance. Cataract surgeries are among the most frequently performed ophthalmic surgeries in the world. Despite the fact that they become less traumatic every year, such interventions are still accompanied by post-surgery complications, one of which is cystic macular edema (CME) or Irwin–Gass syndrome. Purpose. To analyze ocular biometric parameters in patients with CME. Material and Methods. The study included 40 patients (40 eyes) with post-surgery CME. All patients underwent ultrasound biometry, axial length measurement, crystalline lens thickness measurement with Bio&Pachy Meter AL-4000 (Tomey, Japan) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) with Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 (Carl Zeiss, Germany) to assess central foveal thickness. Depending on the axial length, all eyes were divided into “long” and “short” relative to the average axial length of 23.3 mm. The data was analyzed with STATISTICA 10 software (StatSoft Inc., USA). Results. The incidence of CME after uncomplicated cataract surgery in Cheboksary branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution amounted to 0.002%. Axial length among patients with CME ranged from 20.53 mm to 25.4 mm; the average value amounted to 22.67 ± 1.05 mm. The majority of eyes were “short” – 31 eyes (77.5%), whereas 9 eyes (22.5%) were “long”. “Short” eyes exhibited a greater crystalline lens thickness (4.81 ± 0.53 mm) compared to “long” eyes (4.42 ± 0.42 mm) (рM-U = 0.014). Conclusion. The development of CME after uncomplicated cataract surgery is more often observed in eyes with axial length smaller than 23.3 mm.

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Age-Related Changes in the Rhesus Macaque Eye

10.1101/2021.07.14.452427 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kira Lin ◽

Tu Tran ◽

Soohyun Kim ◽

Sangwan Park ◽

Jiajia Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Rhesus Macaque ◽

Axial Length ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Lens Thickness ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Changes

Purpose: To assess age-related changes in the rhesus macaque eye and evaluate them to corresponding human age-related eye disease. Methods: Data from eye exams and imaging tests including intraocular pressure (IOP), lens thickness, axial length, and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were evaluated from 142 individuals and statistically analyzed for age-related changes. Quantitative autofluorescence (qAF) was measured as was the presence of macular lesions as related to age. Results: Ages of the 142 rhesus macaques ranged from 0.7 to 29 years (mean=16.4 years, stdev=7.5 years). Anterior segment measurements such as IOP, lens thickness, and axial length were acquired. Advanced retinal imaging in the form of optical coherence tomography and qAF were obtained. Quantitative assessments were made and variations by age groups were analyzed to compare with established age-related changes in human eyes. Quantitative analysis of data revealed age-related increase in intraocular pressure, ocular biometry (lens thickness and axial length), and presence of macular lesions. Age-related changes in thicknesses of retinal layers on OCT were observed and quantified. Age was correlated with increased qAF. Conclusions: The rhesus macaque has age-related ocular changes similar to humans. IOP increases with age while retinal ganglion cell layer thickness decreases. Macular lesions develop in some aged animals. Our findings support the concept that rhesus macaques may be useful for the study of important age-related diseases such as glaucoma, macular diseases, and cone disorders, and for development of therapies for these diseases.

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Crystalline Lens Thickness Changes as Observed by Pachometry

Optometry and Vision Science ◽

10.1097/00006324-198205000-00012 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 59 (5) ◽

pp. 442-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

CAROL C. DALZIEL ◽

DONALD J. EGAN

Keyword(s):

Crystalline Lens ◽

Lens Thickness

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Topical atropine in retarding myopia progression and axial length growth in children with myopia

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v13i4.50499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 111-114

Author(s):

Abdur Rahman Mohammad Alam ◽

Md. Sanwar Hossain ◽

Md. Shafiqul Islam

Keyword(s):

Axial Length ◽

Control Group ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Spherical Equivalent ◽

Myopia Progression ◽

Length Growth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

This study was conducted to observe the effect of atropine in retarding myopia progression and axial length growth in 36 myopic children (atropine group, 24; control, 12). The initial spherical equivalent of the atropine group and control group was -3.0 ± 1.6 dioptre and -3.5 ± 1.6 dioptre respectively. At the 12th month in atropine group, it was -2.9 ± 2.6 dioptre and -4.6 ± 1.9 dioptre in the control group. The power of the atropine group reduced but rose in the control group after 12 months. There was a statistically significant difference in final refractive errors between the two groups (p<0.05). The initial axial length of the atropine group and control group was 24.3± 1.0 mm and 24.6 ± 1.1 mm respectively. In 12th month, the changes in axial length in the two groups was insignificant. However, the mean axial length progression at 12 months of the atropine group was -0.1 ± 0.1 mm and it was lower than the control group which was -0.2 ± 0.2 mm, and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, topical atropine (0.01%) retarded myopia progre-ssion and axial length growth in myopic children.

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Endothelin-1 Serum Concentration is Lower in Children and Adolescents with High Myopia, a Preliminary Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9051327 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1327

Author(s):

Katarzyna Powierza ◽

Beata Żelazowska-Rutkowska ◽

Jolanta Sawicka-Powierza ◽

Bożena Mikołuć ◽

Beata Urban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Axial Length ◽

High Myopia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Myopia Progression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Weak Negative Correlation ◽

Preliminary Study

The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of enothelin-1 (ET-1) in children and adolescents with high myopia and its association with the axial length of the eye and the presence of myopic retinal degeneration. The cross-sectional study was carried out in 57 patients with high myopia and 29 control subjects. Serum concentrations of ET-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. A significantly lower concentration of ET-1 in highly myopic patients compared to controls was found (1.47 (0.91; 1.87) vs. 1.94 (1.1; 2.69) pg/mL, p = 0.005). In patients with high myopia, a weak negative correlation between ET-1 concentration and the longest axial length out of the two eyes was found (r = −0.255, p = 0.0558). Further analysis revealed statistically significant differences in ET-1 concentration between patients with the axial length of the eye > 26 and ≤ 26 mm (p < 0.041) and patients with the axial length of the eye > 26 mm and controls (p < 0.001). ET-1 expression is disturbed in highly myopic children and adolescents. Lower ET-1 concentration in patients with the axial length of the eye > 26 mm may co-occur with high myopia and should be considered a risk factor in the pathophysiology of high myopia progression.

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Factors related to axial length elongation and myopia progression in orthokeratology practice

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0175913 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. e0175913 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Bingjie Wang ◽

Rajeev K. Naidu ◽

Xiaomei Qu

Keyword(s):

Axial Length ◽

Myopia Progression

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Biometric indicators of Eyes with Occult Lens Subluxation inducing Secondary Acute Angle Closure

10.21203/rs.2.432/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoli Xing ◽

Liangyu Huang ◽

Fang Tian ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Yingjuan Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Axial Length ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

Acute Angle ◽

Angle Closure ◽

Lens Subluxation ◽

Lens Thickness ◽

Primary Angle Closure ◽

Lens Position ◽

Acute Angle Closure

Abstract Background: To compare the anterior biometry of eyes with secondary acute angle closure induced by occult lens subluxation (LS), misdiagnosed as acute primary angle closure (APAC) at the first visit, APAC, chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CPACG), cataract. Methods: This retrospective case study included 17 eyes with PAC due to occult LS, who were misdiagnosed as APAC on their first visit, 56 eyes diagnosed as APAC, 54 eyes diagnosed as CPACG, and 56 eyes diagnosed as cataract. Axial length (AL), Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT) were recorded. Lens position (LP), relative lens position (RLP), corrected lens position (CLP) were calculated. Quantitative data were subject to one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis. Categorical data were analyzed using the chi-squared test. Results: The patients in the LS group had a longer ocular axial length than those with acute angle closure and CPACG. Corneal thickness in the LS group was not significantly different from that in the APAC group, but was significantly different from those of the CPACG and cataract group. The APAC group had the smallest ACD, while the LS group had the smallest AD. The LS group exhibited significantly shallower ACD (P<0.01). The LS group had the largest lens thickness. Conclusions: This study revealed that LS secondary PAC patients had a shallower ACD, thicker CCT and lens thickness comparing to those of APAC, CPACG and cataract patients. A short depth (< 1.25 mm) and a thick lens thickness (> 5.13 mm) are crisis of lens subluxation in our data. LP and CLP can be helpful for differential diagnosis. Trial registration: NCT03752710, retrospectively registered.

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Fallopia Japonica and Prunella Vulgaris Inhibit Myopia Progression by Suppressing Akt and NFκB Mediated Inflammatory Reactions

10.20944/preprints202107.0228.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chia-Hung Lin ◽

Chih-Sheng Chen ◽

Yao-Chien Wang ◽

En-Shyh Lin ◽

Ching-Yao Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽

Axial Length ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Retinal Pigment ◽

Myopia Progression ◽

Rpe Cells ◽

Expression Levels

The increased global incidence of myopia requires the establishment of therapeutic approaches. Previous studies have suggested that inflammation plays an important role in the development and progression of myopia. We used human retinal pigment epithelial cell to study the molecular mechanisms on how FJE and PVE lowering the inflammation of the eye. The effect of FJE and PVE in MFD induced hamster model and explore the role of inflammation cytokines in myopia. Expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were upregulated in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells treated with IL-6 and TNF-α. FJ extract (FJE) + PV extract (PVE) reduced IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α expression in RPE cells. Furthermore, FJE and PVE inhibited inflammation by attenuating the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) pathway. In addition, we report two resveratrol + ursolic acid compounds from FJ and PV and their inhibitory activities against IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α expression levels in RPE cells treated with IL-6 and TNF-α. FJE, PVE, and FJE + PVE were applied to MFD hamsters and their axial length was measured after 21 days. The axial length showed statistically significant differences between phosphate-buffered saline- and FJE-, PVE-, and FJE + PVE-treated MFD eyes. FJE + PVE suppressed expressions of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. They also inhibited myopia-related transforming growth factor-beta (TGF)-β1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and NF-κB expression while increasing type Ⅰ collagen expression. Overall, these results suggest that FJE + PVE may have a therapeutic effect on myopia and be used as a potential treatment option.

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